新高考英语一轮总复习提能练（三十）选修6UNIT5THEPOWEROFNATURE

高考提能练（三十）选修6Unit5ThepowerofnatureI.阅读理解A（2020-长沙市四校高三模拟）Reducing,reusing,andrecyclingisawayoflifeinSweden.Recyclingisrequiredbylawandgarbageissortedathomebeforeitgoestoarecyclingcenter.Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust3OOmetersofallresidentialareas.uRecyclingalmosteverythingisamustinSwedennow.Itactuallyfeelsveryuncomfortablewhenyouvisitanothercountryandcan'tfindeasywaystorecycle,saidOwenGaffney,anexpertatStockholmResilienceCentreandFutureEarth.Butnotallofitsgarbageisrecycled.Swedenusesaltemativesthatincludeincineratinggarbagetomakeelectricityinsteadofusingfossilfuels（化石燃料）toheatplants.Swedenisimportinggarbagefromothercountriestokeeptheseplantsrunning.Swedenisalsoaworldleaderinturningfoodwasteintoecofriendlybiogas.Ithasmadefdodwastecollectioncompulsorybeginningin2021.Thereisafoodwastebiogasplant,whichallowsbiogastobeusedtorunpublicbusesandtoheatapartmentbuildings.Swedennowwantstodealwiththoseremainingitemsthatcannotberecycledbyusingacircular（循环论证的）economyapproach.Itmeansthatproductscanbereusedandonlyrecycledwhenabsolutelynecessary.TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy.Thiswillnotworkeffectivelyunlesspeoplearetaughttochangetheirbehavior.Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings.ThelargeSwedishclothingretailer（零售商）H&Moperatesarecyclingprogramthatgivescustomersdiscountswhentheybringbackoldclothing.Swedenisfightingclimatechangebydoingalltherightstuff.Wasterecyclingandtheplanstoswitchtoacirculareconomywillgoalongwayinreducingitscarbonfootprintandwillhelpstopglobalwarming.语篇解读在瑞典，减少、再利用和回收是一种生活方式。瑞典政府鼓励人们回收和使用二手商品，废品先分类，再回收。WhatdoweknowaboutSweden?A・Swedenimportshouseholdgarbageforbiogas.B.ItisconvenienttorecyclethingsinSweden.C・HalfofgarbageinSwedenisusedtoproduceheat.D.EverythingisrecycledafterbeingusedinSweden.B［考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recyclablesaresortedintosevencategoriesandrecyclingstationsarewithinjust300metersofallresidentialareas”可知，在瑞典回收物品是很方便的。］Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2mean?A.Burning.B.Treating.C.Throwing.D.Reusing.A［考查词义猜测。根据第二段的第二句可知，瑞典通过焚烧化石燃料的替代品一一垃圾来发电，为120万个家庭供热。画线词incinerating的意思是“焚烧”，与"Swedennowwants...approach”和burning同义。］Whatdoestheadvisorygroupdo?A・Teachpeoplehowtosavefossilfuels.Conductasurveyaboutthelocaleconomy.C・Offeradviceonenvironmentalpolicy.D.Makesurethecitizensrecyclewisely.C［考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Swedennowwants…approach"和"TheSwedishgovernmentformedanadvisorygrouptofindawayofmakingthispartofitsenvironmentalpolicy”可知，瑞典政府成立了一个咨询小组，目的是找到一个方法使通过循环经济法处理不能被回收利用的产品的做法成为政府环境政策的一部分，即咨询小组的职责就是为环境政策提供建议。］Howdoesthegovernmentencourageitscitizenstoreuse?Itprovidesvariousrecyclingprograms.Itcutsdowntaxesonnewproducts.C・Itgivesdiscountstoregularbuyers.D・Itofferslowerpricesforrepairs.D［考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Nowthegovernmentisreformingitstaxcodesothatpeoplecouldgetcheaperrepairsorbuyusedthings”可知，政府正在改革其免税代码，以便使维修更便宜，并鼓励人们购买二手商品。］B（2020•东北三校高三第一次联合模拟）Maybeyoutakevitaminsregularlysupportingbrainpower,orstockuponthesefoodsthatboostbrainhealth.ButnewguidelinesfromtheAmericanAcademyofNeurology（AAN）suggestthere,ssomethingbetteryoucandotokeepyourmindsharp.Aquarterofadultsaged80to84experiencemildcognitive（认知的impairment,accordingtoAAN.Toaddressthewidespreadproblem,agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimeiJs（阿尔茨海默病）specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedecline一andyoumightbesurprisedbywhattheyincludedandwhattheydidn,t.Surprisingly,theAANguidelinesdon,tincludeanymedication（药物）ordietaryrecommendations.Theauthorsstressthattherehaven'tbeenanyhighquality,longtermstudiesfindingfoodsormedicationcanhelpcognitivedecline.Theguidelinesalsosaydoctorscanconsidersuggestingcognitivetrainingtopatientswithmemorylossbutnotrelyonit.Atthepresenttime,thereport'sauthorssaytheevidenceistooinconclusivetosayforsureifbrainexercises,likememoryandattentiontrainingorproblemsolvingforeverydayissuesassociatedwithmemoryloss,arebeneficiaLStill,thesemorningbrainexercisescan^doanyharm.Buttherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline.Onestudyshowedadultswithmildcognitiveimpairmentwhodidresistancetrainingtwiceaweekscoredbetteronexecutivefunctionandassociativememoryteststhanagroupthatworkedonbalancing,stretching,andrelaxing.What'smore,anotherstudyhadolderadultsattendeitherbiweeklyhealthclassesorsessionsofaerobics,strengthtraining,balanceexercises,andmultitaskingtraining.Sixmonthslater,theoneswhoyexercisedregularlyscoredbetteroncognitivehealthandmemorytests,andhadlessbrainshrinkage.AANnowrecommendsdoctorstellpatientswithmemorylosstoexercisetwiceaweektokeeptheirmindssharp.Thisisthebesttimetoexerciseifyouwanttoimproveyourmemory.Itlookslikeyou\egotjustonemorereasontocleartimeinyourscheduleforaworkout-evenifit'sonlyontheweekends.语篇解读研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐,能够改善老年人的认知障碍。Whatdoestheunderlinedworduimpairment,,inparagraph2referto?A・Enor.B.Decline.C.Development.D.Presence.B［考查词义猜测。根据第二段第二句中的uToaddressthewidespreadproblem,agroupofneurologistsandAlzheimefsC阿尔茨海默病）specialistswentthroughexistingstudiestodefinethebestwaystopreventandtreatcognitivedeclinen可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默病专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。］ANNmaybeuncertainabout.A.strengthtrainingB・resistancetrainingC・exercisingtwiceaweekD.morningbrainexercisesD［考查细节理解。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。］7.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A・DailyexercisesarebeneficialtoAlzheimefs.B・TheAANguidelinesattachimportancetoworkouts.MedicationisofsignificanceintheANNguidelines.Stockinguponvitaminssupportingbrainpowermeansnothing.B［考查细节理解。根据第四段中的uButtherewasonebigdiscoveryfromthenewguidelines：Exercisingjusttwiceaweekcouldimprovecognitivedecline”以及第六段第一句可知,AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。］8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?Exercise.B.Entertainment.C.Science.D.Health.D［考查文章出处。通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]H.七选五（2020•成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测）Inanysurveyofselfmademillionaires，you'relikelytonoticethekeytotheirsuccessisthattheyneverstoplearning.Sohowdoesonebuildalifelonglearningmindset?]Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve.Expandyourhorizons.Challengeyourselftofindabetterway.Youwillfindawayaroundbarriers!Turnmistakesintoopportunities.Thepracticeoflearningfrommistakesisoneofthebestlifelonglearningskillsanyonecanmaster.2Theyshowusbetterwaystothinkandwork.Theyalsoprovideinsightsintohiddenknowledgeandawareness.Adoptagrowthmindset.Amindsetthatisinlinewithhowourbrainsreallyworkreallyhelps.Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirintelligenceandtalentsarefixed.3Peoplewithagrowthmindsetbelievetheycanimprovethemselvesthroughpractice.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zEstablishgoals.Whatdoyouwanttoleam?Whendoyouwanttolearnit?Everyyear,setgoalsforyourselfonskillsandknowledgeyouwanttoacquire.4Besides,lalwayshavethedailygoaloflearningsomethingnewwhetherthroughreadingorbytalkingtootherpeopleAvoidstress.Asstressincreases,Therearemanyothertipsforsuccessfullycreatingalearningplan,butthosedon'thaveafightingchanceifyourmindsetispassive.A.Trynewthings.Challengeconventionalthinking.C・Thismeanshavingtheendclearlyinmind.D・Thereismuchtolearnfrommistakes.lusuallysetthreebiglearninggoalseachyear.Theydon'tthinktheycanimprovewithefforts.G・Inthisway,successwillhappenmuchmorenaturally.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建立终身学习的思维模式的方法：挑战常规思维、从失误中学习、有成长型思维模式、设定目标以及避免压力。B［空处为该段的主题句，根据该段中的“Seekoutinformationthatmaybecontrarytowhatyoubelieve”以及"Challengeyourselftofindabetterway”可知,本段讲的是要挑选出与你相信的事物可能相反的信息，并要求自己去寻求更好的解决方式。］D［根据本段第一句可知，本段的主题是将失误变为机会；根据该空前的句子可知，从失误中学习是最好的终身学习技能之一，该空后的句子又进一步表明了失误的作用，由此可知该空需要表明从失误中学习哪些东西或者怎样从失误中学习，以实现其承上启下的作用。］F［根据该空前的句子可知，有固定的思维模式的人认为人的智力与才能是固定不变的；而该空后的句子则通过对比，指出了具有成长型思维的人的看法，即他们认为能通过实践提