四级语法知识点总结

四级语法知识点总结一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表：过去此刻未来过去未来一般diddowill/shalldoshould/woulddo进行was/weredoingam/is/aredoingwill/shallbedoing/达成haddonehave/hasdonewill/shallhaveshould/woulddonehavedone用于虚拟语气达成进行hadbeendoinghave/hasbeendoing//1．主动形式过去此刻未来过去未来一般was/weregivenam/is/aregivenwill/shallbegivenshould/wouldbegiven进行was/werebeingam/is/arebeing//givengiven达成hadbeengivenhave/hasbeengivenwill/shallhaveshould/wouldbeengivenhavebeengiven达成进行///2．被动形式CET-4常考的三种时态：过去达成时；未来达成时；（此刻/过去）达成进行时。时间状语从句中间的时态：一般过去时全部的过去用一般此刻时表示此刻和未来此刻达成时此刻达成和未来达成二：非谓语动词1．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：一般形式：Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.被动形式:Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生达成形式：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.被动形式：Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词以前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充任名词功能---Toseeistobelieve.三)不定式的省略感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完好性，真切性；doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(重申"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhim

workinginthegardenyesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（重申"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后边接形容词而不是副词：Thecaketastesgood;Itfeelscomfortable.使役动词havebidmakelet

等词后不定式要省略但同

1)相同被动以后要复原to‘dliketohaveJohndoit.Ihavemypackageweighed.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expectallowsbtodo,causesbtodo,permitsbtodo,enablesbtodoforcesbtodo.bemorelikelytodolovetodowarnsbtodobeabletodo五)有的时候to后边要接-ing形式accustom(oneself)to;beaccustomedto;faceupto;inadditionto;lookforwardto;objectto;bereducedto;resignoneselfto;beresignedto;resortto;sinkto;beusedto;bealternativeto;beclose/closenessto;bededication/dedicatedto;beopposition/opposedto;besimilarity/similarto.动名词：拥有动作性特点的名词是名词seeingisbelieving2)拥有动词性特点能够带宾语starvingtroopsisnecessary.一)动名词的形式:一般形式：Idon'tlikeyousmoking.达成形式：Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.被动形式：Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.)动名词常考的点动名词做主语谓语动词为单数在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词动名词的否认直接在其前加否认词,经过代词的宾格或全部格形式给出逻辑主语.Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoonA．youtocallB．youcallC．youcallingD（Key：Cyourcalling也对）

．．you'recalling有些词后只好接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;itentails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feellike;finish;forgive;can'thelp;hinder;imagine;itinvolves;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;itnecessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...此外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：it'snogood;it'sno/little/hardlyany/use;it'snot/hardly/scarcelyuse;it'sworthwhile;spendmoney/time;there'sno;there'snopointin;there'snothingworsethan;what'stheuse/point...有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,goon,cease,mean

后边用不定式和

-ing

形式，意义截然不容。Irememberedtoposttheletters.(Irememberedposting/havingposting

指未来/过去未来的动作)theletters(我记得这个动作

)forgot

与remember的用法近似。Iregrettoinformyouthat我很遗憾地通知你Iregrettedhavingleftthefirmaftertwentyyears.

为了"二十年前的走开"而遗憾。tryto努力Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourshyness.try–ing试验Trypracticingfivehoursaday.Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.[打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增添购置力。prefer的用法：我情愿在这里等。Iprefertowaithere.（因此啊，你不介怀的话，我就等下去。）Ipreferwaitinghere.（我正在这里等，我就喜爱这么做。）Ipreferswimmingtocycling.（这个句子里面就不可以用不定式了。）3分词：此刻分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态此刻分词的形式:1)一般式:Doyouseethemantalkingtothedean（主任）(与谓语动词同步发生)达成形式：Nothavingmadeadequatepreparations,theyfailed.(发生谓语动词以前)3)达成被动形式：Havingbeenadapted,thescriptseemsperfect.(生谓语动词以前且表示被动)过去分词

发过去分词表示被动：Fightnobattleunprepared.过去分词的进行形式：You'llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.(重申正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都能够组成复合构造，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动仍是被动，常常就是考点。独立主格构造中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。三：虚构语气神态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't?should/shouldn't?might/may(not)此外两个"类神态词的形式："need/needn't;haveto/don'thaveto最自然的虚构状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）实质上是过去未来时：即，时间固定在过去未来，状态不一样：一般、进行、达成、达成进行。这时"虚构语气"的产生常常是因为我们要表达"原来应当"（而此刻却还没有）（原来能够，原来能）Ishouldgo!(butI'mstillhere!)

(一般)Ishouldbeworkingnow!

(进行)Ishouldhavepracticedmore(thanIdid)!

(达成)我应当多多练习！（言下之意，此刻我练习得不多。）Ishouldn'tdreamawaymytimetoomuch!

(达成的否认

)(actuallyIdiddreamawaymytimetoomuch!)Itshouldn'thavebeenleakingforsuchalongtime!

(达成进行)Imay/might/couldhavefinished!

(达成)一些常有的句型中，就会出现这种虚构语气，而处于从句之中，should常常被省略掉osuggest,advise,propose,recommend,plan;demand,order,direct,arrange,command,decide;orequire,request;othink,expect,believe,insist,suspect.因为他们的含义中包括"建议，假定，应当"这种的含义，因此，由他们惹起的从句中，就会包括有should+原型时态组成的虚构语气。这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）惹起的从句还有其余的变形：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句It'ssuggestedthatMysuggestionisthatTheonlysuggestionthat...TheonlysuggestionIcangiveyounowisthat一些形容词惹起的表语从句中，也会有相同的状况important;necessary;essentialIt'snatural;strange;incredibleapity;ashame;nowonder由lest,forfearthat,incase表达与事实相反

that惹起的从句中多使用

should与此刻相反：使用[过去时]：IwishIwerenothere!(一般此刻?一般过去)Supposewewerenothere.HelovedmeasifIwerehisownson.(一般此刻?一般过去)HopeIweren'talwayslosingthings!(此刻进行?过去进行)Ifonly/IfIhadn'tbeenthere!(此刻达成?过去达成)WhatifIhadn'tbeenwaitingrighthere!

(此刻达成进行?过去达成进行)常考句型：It's(high)time(that)

;wouldrather(that)这两个从句，只好表达对此刻的见解，因此，从句中只有一般过去时。与过去相反：过去达成时；HowniceitisifI

hadpast

thetest!HowniceitisifI

hadslept

alittlemorethismorning!与未来相反未来的事情没有发生，因此只好推断。Ifitrainstomorrow,we'llhavetostayonedaymore.可是，因为能够用beto表示未来；因此，虚构语气中常常出现wereto；也是CET-4的常考语法点。虚构条件句oif部分，做一个与事实相反的假定（因此只有一般过去和过去达成）；主句部分，这是表示鉴于这个假定的推断，一般使用神态动词would，少量状况下使用could/might/may。注意：