华南师范大学英研初试 2021年真题(基础英语)

7/7华南师范大学英研初试2021年真题(基础英语)2011年华南师范大学外文学院硕士研究生入学考试

考试科目：基础英语

考试时间：180分钟

PartAReadingComprehension(40points)

PassageA

（这PassageA实在是没有办法找到啊，估计被出卷子的老师狠狠编辑过了。）

PassageB

TheinfantdeathrateforAfricanAmericansinWashingtonDCishigherthanthatinthecitiesoftheIndianstateofKaralla,theUnitedNationshaswarnedaspartofadamningreviewofpovertyandinequalityaroundtheworld.

Publishedaheadofnextweek’ssummitinNewYorktoreviewprogressinmeetinggoalstohalveextremepovertyby2015,theUN'shumandevelopmentreportsays:UShealthindicatorsarefarbelowthosethatmightbeexpectedonthebasisofnationalwealth.

Thereport,publishedbytheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme（UNDP）,saystheoutcomeisduepartlytopersistentandextremedisparitiesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentsocialandethnicgroups,asshownbyrecentimagesofpoorblackpeoplestrandedinNewOrleansbyHurricaneKatrina.

ThefindingsreflectanewfocusbytheUNupondifferenceswithincountriesaswellasbetweencountries,aspolicymakerstrytothinkofnewwaystoachievethemillenniumdevelopmentgoals（MDGs）,agreedin2000.

IndiaandChina,whichhavebothenjoyedsustainedeconomicgrowth,faceworryingchallenges.Thereareworryingindicationsthatsocialprogressisstartingtolagbehindeconomicperformance,withtheslowdownintherateofreductioninchilddeathsaspecialconcern.

TheUNnotesthatChinaspends5percentofitsGDPonhealth，butpublicspendingnowamountstolessthan2percentofGDP.

Theerosionofpublicfunding,itsays,hasresultedinamismatchbetweenneedandprovision,withpercapitaspendinginurbanareas3.5timesthatinruralareas.

Between70and80percentoftheruralpopulationhavenohealthinsurance.ChildrenlivinginthepoorestpartsofruralChinafacefargreaterhealthrisks,andthegapiswidening.Themortalityrateforunder-five-year-oldsrangesfrom8per1,000inBeijing（comparabletothe

US）,to60inthepoorestpartsofGuizhou（comparabletoNamibia）.

（这一篇阅读理解考查的题型就是10道选择题，外加一道问答题。选择题每道一分，那道问答题是5分。选择题部分实在没办法弄到，Sorry，只有本篇文章的译文送上，自己对照一下看有没有理解不对的地方。此外，那道问答题问的是：Whatdoesthisarticlebelongto?Narration,descriptionorexposition?Giveyourreason.关于这道问答题的答法请参阅“阅读理解答题技巧”。）

PassageC

Formillionsofyearsbeforedieappearanceofdieelectriclight,shiftwork,all-nightcableTVanddieInternet,earth'screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simply,ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenandmenneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperlythroughouttheirlives.(Contrarytopopularbelief,humansdon’tneedlesssleepastheyage.)

Butonaverage,Americanssleeponlyaboutsevenandahalfhourpernight,amarkeddropfromtheninehourstheyaveragedin1910.What'sworse,nearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeople,that'snotnearlyenough.

Findingwaystogetmoreandbettersleepcanbeachallenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders.Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayinguplateandbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezoneorbyworkingnights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterinDenversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.Aboutonethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndromeactuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders.“Beforewedoanythingelse,welookattheirsleep,”Jonessays.

Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeoplewouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns.Mymottois'Sleepdefensively',"saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedtocarveoutsufficienttimetosleep,evenifitmeansgivingupotherthings.Sleeproutines--l/iregoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday--areimportant.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithEisner,whousedtosufferfromsleeplessness,afewlifestylechanges—avoidingstimulantsandlatemeals,exercisinghoursbeforebedtime,relaxingwithahotbath—yieldbettersleep.

1.WhatisTRUEofhumansleep?

A.Onaverage,peopleintheU.S.todaysleeplesspernightthantheyusedto.

B.Formostpeople,lessthansixhoersofsleeponatypicalworknightisenough,

C.Mostpeopleneedlesssleepwhentheygrowolder.

D.Mostpeopleneedsevenandahalfhemsofsleepeverynight

2.Forourbodiestofunctionproperly,weshould_______.

A.adjustouractivitiestothenewinventions

B.beabletopredicttherhythmsofourbiologicalclocks

C.sleepforatleasteighthourspernight

D.believethatweneedlesssleepasweage

3.Accordingtotheauthor,manysleepingdisordersarecausedby

_______.

A.impropersleeppatterns

B.chronicfatiguesyndrome

C.otherdiseases

D.pre-bedtimeexercises

4.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter?

A.Havinglatemeals.

B.Travelingbetweentimezones

C.Stayinguplate.

D.Takingahotbath.

5."Sleepdefensively"meansthat

A.peopleshouldsacrificeotherthingstogettingenoughsleepifnecessary

B.peopleshouldgiveupgoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday.

C.peopleshouldgotoadoctorandhavetheirproblemsdiagnosed

D.peopleshouldexerciseimmediatelybeforegoingtobedeverynight

PartB:Cloze(35points)

（Sorry啊，完形填空这个部分也没找出来，不过听说还是蛮简单的。完形题型跟2012年模拟题里面的一样，敬请参阅。）

PartC:Errorcorrection(18*2=35points)

（Sorryagain，真是囧，为什么我这么喜欢说Sorry呢？改错题型跟跟2012年模拟题里面的一样，敬请参阅。）

PartD：GeneralknowledgeaboutEnglish-speakingcountries.(40points)（40points）

A.MultipleChoices(10points)

(1)WhichofthefollowinganimalsrepresentsDemocraticPartyinU.S.?

A.Elephant

B.Donkey

C.Monkey

D.Tiger

(2)WhoisthefirsttosendatelegraphfromNewYork?

A.ThomasEdison

B.RobertHutchingsGoddard

C.TheStevens

D.SamuelF.B.Morse

(3)WhichistherepresentativeworksofHarrietBeecherStowe?

A.UncleTom’sCabin

B.SisterCarrie

C.CalloftheWild

D.TheGreatGatsby

(4)WhopromotedtheNewDeal?

A.FranklinRoosevelt

B.ThomasJefferson

C.GeorgeWashington

D.AbrahamLincoln

(5)WhoisthepresidentofAmericawhentheKoreaWarbrokeout?

A.DwightEisenhower

B.FranklinRoosevelt

C.HarrySTruman

D.RichardNixon

(6)WhichofthefollowingpresidentswasinvolvedintheWatergateAffair?

A.HarrySTruman

B.FranklinRoosevelt

C.RichardNixon

D.DwightEisenhower

(7)WhatdoesthePentagonstandforinU.S.A.?

A.Economy

B.Defense

D.CultureD.Science

(8)WhichpartofAmericangovernmenthastherighttodeclarewar?

A.theSenate

B.theHouseofRepresentatives

C.thePentagon

D.thePresident

(9)WhatisthemarkoftheColdWar?

A.Pre-emption

B.TrumanDoctrine

C.StarWar

D.VietnamWar

(10)（Sorry，这题找不到）

B.BlankFilling

(1)The19thcenturyisthegoldenperiodoftheromanticnovels,representedby

JaneAustinand________Bronte.

(2)________,alsocalledtheBigWheel,madeitsfirstfightin2000.

(3)TherearethreemainpartiesinUK:_________,_________and________.

(4)________isagreatdiscoverybyIssacNewton.

(5)________isakindofmusicwhichcombinespianoandjazz.

(6)CharlesDarwinputforwardsthefamous“__________”.

(7)Listtwowell-knownpublicschoolsinUK:__________and________.

C.ShortAnswerforQuestions

Answerthefollowingquestionswithnomorethan200words.

1.AnAmericanteacherwasdisputingwithhisBritishcolleagues,andhe

wantedtoveerthetopicbysaying,“Let’stablethisissueforawhile.”Buttohissurprise,thecolleagueswentontheissue.Herecomesthequestion:AretheBritishcolleaguesreallyinconsiderate?

2.Youhavejustdoneadealandhappilygavesuchagesturewithyourhand:

a“V”withthepalmfacingyourself.ButyourBritishfriendslookedpuzzled.

What’swrong?

3.OneSaturdayyouwanderednearyourAmericanfriend’sandstoppedby.

Yourfriendwasastonished,“Whatareyoudoinghere?”,showingnosignalofinvitingyouintohishouse.Youwondered:Don’tyouoftensay,“Stopbywhenyouarenear”?

4.Youjustheardofitthatyourmotherfellill.Whenyougotoworkandyour

Americanfriendaskyou,“Howareyou?”Whatwillyousay?

5.Whatis"ScottishPlay"?whatis"BoxingDay"?

参考答案

）

参考译文

联合国警告说，美国首都华盛顿特区非裔美国人的婴儿死亡率高于印度喀拉拉邦各城市。该警告是联合国评估世界各地贫穷和不平等现象报告的一部分，联合国对这些现象表示强烈不满。

这份报告指出：“美国的健康指标远远低于根据国家富裕程度所预期的水平。”此前联合国曾制定目标，希望到2015年将极端贫困人口减半。下周联合国将在纽约召开峰会，回顾实现这一目标的进展。在峰会前，联合国发表了这份人类发展报告。

联合国开发计划署（UNDP）发布的这份报告表示，这种结果部分是由于不同的社会群体和族裔群体之间存在着“持久的”和“极端的”不平等。最近美国新奥尔良的贫穷黑人因飓风卡特里娜受困的景象就表明了这一点。

该报告的结论反映了联合国在贫困问题上的新的关注焦点：不仅关注国家之间的不平等，而且也关注国家内部的不平等。目前，各国的政策制定者试图想出新方法，以实现2000年达成的千年发展目标（MDGs）。

印度和中国经济持续增长，但也面临令人担忧的挑战。联合国的这份报告说：“有令人担心的迹象表明，社会发展正开始落后于经济表现，儿童死亡率下降速度放缓尤为令人担心。”

联合国指出，中国花费国内生产总值的5%用于健康医疗，但公共支出目前占国内生产总值的比例不足2%。

报告称，公共资金被侵蚀，已导致“需求和供给之间的错配”，城市人均支出是农村地区的3.5倍。

70%和80%之间的农村人口没有医疗保险。居住在中国农村最贫困地区的儿童面临更大的健康风险，并且城乡差距在扩大。举例来说，在北京，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之八（与美国相当），但在贵州最贫困的地区，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为千分之六十（与纳米比亚相当）。

3.A

4.D

5.A

PartD：GeneralknowledgeaboutEnglish-speakingcountries.(40points)

A.MultipleChoices

1.B

2.D

3.A

4.A

5.C

6.C

7.B

8.D

9.B10.无

B.BlankFilling

(1)Emily/Charlotte（任选一个）

(2)EnglishairwaysCorporation

(3)LaborParty,ConservativeParty,LiberalDemocrats

(4)Lawofgravity

(5)Ragtime

(6)SurvivaloftheFittest

(7)Eton,Winchester

C.ShortAnswerforQuestions

（今年的简答题真的是出乎了N多人的意料，因为除了第五题还可以在书本上找到答案之外，其他四道题根本就没有办法从书中找出蛛丝马迹。相信我，我已经把《英语国家社会与文化》这本书看过三遍，做了两遍笔记，可是还是找不到答题的要点。从性质上讲看，这四道题已经是属于跨文化交际题了，而华师没有列出相关的参考书，所以题目超纲了！可是有什么办法，考生在面对这种情况，连喊冤的机会都没有。应对的办法只有：平时多看一些跟英美文化交际的东西，了解他们的办事态度与我们中国人的不同。也只能这样了。所以很遗憾，这一部分没有答案。第五题的答案可以参考《英语国家社会与文化》上册英国部分的Festival部分。）

后记：在我对这部分的答案快绝望的时候，2011年英语语言文学方向第一名（403分）的小树同学让我看到了希望，因为她的基础英语考了131的高分。看来阅卷老师还是蛮认可她的答案的，于是我就委托她把考试时回答这几道题的要点回忆一下。她给了中文版本，也不好意思再要求什么了，相信大家看了中文版的答案反而更直观。废话不多说，上答案：（顺便地：谢谢小树童鞋！）

（1）并非是英国同事不善解人意。关键点在于table这个词语的理解上。因为table这个词在此语境下可有两种涵义：1）让我们把这个问题拿到台面上说吧（即：继续公开深入讨论）；2）让我们先搁置一下这个问题。那么我的建议是：美国同事可以直接说,good,I'amwonderingifwecouldtalkaboutsomethingelse?可以省去歧义。

（2）由于中英文化的差异，V这个手势实际上并非只有一个意思，并且不可滥用。V手势如果手背向外，其实代表一种辱骂。（类似于four-letterw