新人教版八年级英语下册综合知识点梳理

新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit1Whafsthematter?重点短语:haveastomachachehaveacoldliedowntakeone'stemperaturehaveafevergotoadoctortoone'ssurpriseagreeto(dosth.)getintotroublebeusedtotakerisksrunout(of)cutoffgetoutofbeincontrolofkeepon(doingsth.)giveup语言知识归纳：1.What'sthematter(withyou)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What'swrongwithyou?/What'sthetrouble?matter作动词用，意为“要紧”"有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。Whatdoesitmatter?Itdoesn'tmatter.【例题】Doesitifwecan'tfinishittoday?A.mindB.mindsC.matterD.mattershaveasorethroat.have“患病”，常用"havea/an+名词haveacold haveafever haveasorebackhaveastomachache haveacough［例题］( )―Doesheoftenhavecold?一Yes.Healsoacoughandasorethroat.A.a;hasB./;hasC.a;haveD./;haveLiedownandrest!躺下休息liedown躺下:单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlyingThat,sprobablywhy.那可能就是原因。probably意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。hurt上使受伤；伤害；疼痛Hehurthislegwhenhefell.他摔伤的时候伤了腿。Myfeelingswerehurtwhenhedidn'taskmetotheparty他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing...公交车司机，24岁的王平 24-year-old是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）［例题］AgirlnamedDongXinyilookedafterherdisabledfather.A.three-year-oldB.three-years-oldC.Threeyearsoldexpectvt,期待；预期；期盼;expect的常见用法：expect+名词/代词Theoldmanisexpectinghisdaughter'svisit.expecttodosth.Iexpecttogetabirthdaypresentfrommydad.expectsb.todosth.DoyouexpecthimtoteachyouEnglish?expect+从句Iexpectthatyouwillgettheresoon.【辨析】expect与lookforwardto两者都有期待的意思lookforwardtodoingsth.I'mlookingforwardtoseeingTom.Buttohissurprise…但是令他吃惊的是 toone'ssurprise表示“令人惊奇的是 ”，相当于"主语+be+surprised”Tohissurprise,hefoundthegirlwasbind.=Hewassurprisedtofindthegirlwasblind.令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】insurprise表示“惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。Thetwogirlslookedateachotherinsurprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。besurprisedat表示“对 感到惊讶Weareverysuq）risedatthenews.听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising表示“使人惊奇的“，作表语时，主语是事物。Theydon'twantanytrouble.他们不想惹麻烦。①trouble用作名词，意为“炀恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等”。Hislifeisfulloftrouble.他的生活充满了烦恼。Whafsthetrouble?怎么了？②trouble用作动词，意为“麻烦，打扰Pmsorrytotroubleyou.抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与trouble相关的短语introuble处于困境中 getintotrouble陷入困境Havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难【例题】-HowisyourEnglishstudy?-Notbad.ButIlearningEnglishgrammar.A.aminterestedB.amgoodatC.havealittletroubleD.havenotrouble10.辨析usedtodosth.与beusedtosth./doingsth.1过去常常…… 习惯于某事/做某事Weusedtodrawpicturesbadly.Youwillgetusedtotheweatherhere.Intheend,Igotusedtodoinghardwork..辨析runout与runoutof人+runoutof Theyhaverunoutofthewater.物+runout(不可用于被动语态) Themoneyisrunningout.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项()YesterdayIusedupallthesalttocookdumplings.Ineedtobuysomenow.A.ateupB.runoutofC.ranofD.ranoutof.makedecisions=makeadecision作出决定decision为decide的名词形式makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth..beincontrolof管理；控制Ateachershouldbeincontrolofhisclass.重点语法：情态动词should的用法should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加not,变一般疑问句时将should提前。should常用于以下两种情况：①提出建议Youlookedtired.Youshouldliedownandrest.②表推测，意为“该，按理应当Waitaminute.Ithinkheshouldcomeinaminute.Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.重点短语:cleanupbyoneselfcheerupputoffgiveoutputonusedtogiveawaytakeaftersetupmakeadifferencecareforcomeupwith语言知识归纳:.giveout分发,发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有：giveaway赠给，赠送 givein屈服，投降giveup放弃 giveoff发出（气味、光、热等）.comeupwith提出，想出（1）表示“想出或提出“，相当于thinkofthinkshecancomeupwithagoodidea（2）comeupwith还可表示“赶上”，相当于catchupwith.Weshouldstudyhardtocomeupwiththem【例题】（）Wemustaplantoimproveyourmath.A.pickupB.catchupwithC.comeupwithD.makeupTvrunoutofit.我已经把它用完了。runoutof表示“用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】runoutof还可表示“从 跑出来Billranoutoftheroom.Bill从房间里跑出来。run构成的短语还有runaway逃走 runafter追赶runintodifficulties遇到困难【例题】（）Whenyourmoney,pleasecometomeforsome.A.runsoutofB.runsoutC.isrunningoutofD.isrunouttakeaftermymother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】takeafter与lookliketakeafter意为“长得像，行为、性格等像''，尤其是像自己的长辈。Theboytakesafterhisfather.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。looklike可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。Themanlookslikeourteacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。Therainbowlookslikeabridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】take构成的短语takeup takeoff takeplacetakeone'stime takecare【例题】（）-You'vereallybeautifulblondhair.-Thankyou.Imymother.A.lookafterB.takeafterC.takefromD.lookforsetup创办，建立setup为副词短语，与start,establish同义They'vesetupacompany.他们创办了一家公司。与set相关的短语还有：setout动身，开始（做某事）setoff出发，引起，激发Youhelpedtomakeilpossibleformetohavelucky.对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky,it是形式宾语Youmadeitpossibleformetocatchupwithothers.你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】（）Hefound hardtogotosleepwiththelighton.A.itB.thatC.heD.himLuckymakesabigdifferencetomylife. Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。makeabigdifference意为“对 产生很大的影响“，difference在此为“影响”的意思。【例题】（）Theheavysnowdidn't theinternationalairlines.A.payattentiontoB.addtoC.makeadifferencetoD.keepto.imaginev.想象，假想；以为，认为imagine（v.想象）—►imagination（n.想象）一►imaginative（adj.富于想象力的）.help...out帮 克服困难，帮 分担工作Theteacheroftenhelpshisstudentsout.那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。.beexcitedabout...对 兴奋I'mexcitedaboutthegameofLiNa.我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting修饰物重点语法：动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成砂式：（1）动词+介词这类动词短语主要有：agreewith,askfor,arriveat,hearof,lookat,takeafter,listento等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I'mlookingformypen. Don'tlaughatthepoorman.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有:findout,giveout,lookup,puton,turnon/off,wakeup,workout等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词前面。Pleasepickupthepen.=Pleasepickthepenup.Ittookhimtwohourstoworkitout.动词+名词+介词这类动i司短语有:havealookat,makefriendswith,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto等。在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.(4)动词+形容词+介词这类动i司短语有:beangrywith,bebusywith,begoodfor,bedifferentfrom,beinterestedin,begoodat等。【例题】(1)()Whenyoudon'tknowaword,youcan inthedictionary.A.lookitupB.setitupC.giveitupD.pickitup()Wewillhavedinnerattherestaurant,whichisfamous itsseafood.A.ofB.toC.forD.asUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?重点短语:takeouttherubbishmakethebedallthetimeborrowsomemoneyhelpwithhouseworkhangoutwithawasteoftimeinordertoas...as...takecareofinsurprisedothedishesasaresult语言知识归纳：workon从事于；着手干Thewriterisworkingonanewbook.那位作家正在写一本新书。Sheisgoingtoworkonherphysicsproject.她打算从事她的物理项目。【例题】（）Thescientistsareinventingsomemethodsofproducingelectricity.A.workingonB.workingoutC.workingatD.workingforatleast至少atleast修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。翻译短语位atmost,意为“至多，最多Hekeptmewaitingatleastanhour.Therewerefiftypeoplethereatmost.allthetime一直；总是Thingsarechangingallthetime.事情一直在变化。【拓展】time相关的短语ontime准时 atthesametime同时 intime及时Fromtimetotime偶尔thefirsttime第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。（）1alwaysgoshoppingonFriday.A.allthetimeB.allthesameC.allalongD.allthewayTmjustastiredasyouare!我和你一样累。as...as意为“和 一样”，表示同级比较。as...as中间要用形容词或副词原级。Thisstoryisasinterestingasthatone.这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为notas/so…as,意为“不如 Thegardenisnotsobeautifulasyouthought.【例题】（）HespeaksFrenchwell,butofcoursenotapersonbominFrance.A.asclearasB.clearerthanC.asclearlyasD.themoreclearlyForoneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。so,neither倒装句型fSo+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语Neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样。助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。BillwatchedTVlastnight.SodidAnn.Lilyisn'tateacher.NeitherisMary.【例题】（）neverdrinkcoffee.-.A.SodoIB.Sodid1C.NeitherdidID.Neitherdo1

列卒析borrow与lendborrowsth.fromsb.向某人借（入）某物lendsth.tosb./lendsb.sth.把某物借给某人【注】borrowJend都是非延续性动词，如果要表示“借多长时间”要用keep。【例题】（）Althoughyoulikethebook,youmayonly itfortwoweeks.A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.stayspendv.花费（金钱；时间）spend+钱/时间+onsth.在 上花费时间或金钱spend+时间+（in）doingsth.花时间做某事【例题】（）YangFeng everySaturdayafternoonvolunteeringinanoldpeople'videv.提供；给予

8.providev.提供；给予

providevidesb.withvidesth.forsb.Therestaurantprovidethebestservice.Theparentsprovidethechildrenwithfoodandclothes.Theschoolsprovidedesksandchairsforthestudents.【例题】（）Toprotecttheenvironment,supennarketsdon't freeplasticbagstoshoppers.A.takeB.showC.provideD.carrydependon依靠；依赖；相信dependon为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态Asweknow,goodresultsdependonhardwork.Youcan'tdependonyourparentsforever.Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。the+比较级…，the+比较级… “越 就越 ”Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.【例题】（）-Therewasthickhaze（雾霾）inourcitythisspring.Whatdoyouthinkofit?-Ithink carswedrive,pollutionourcitywillhave.A.thefewer;thefewer B.thefewer;thelessC.Themore;thefewer D.themore;thelessinorderto的用法inorderto意为“为了 ”，强调目的，后接动词原形。Inorderloletthestudentshearhim,hespokeloudly.Wehavetostudyhardinordertopasstheexam.Inordernottobelateforschool,shetookataxi.(2)含inorderto的句子可以转变为由sothat或inorderthat引导的状语从句。Sheranquicklyinordertocatchthebus.Sheranquicklyinorderthatshecouldcatchthebus.Sheranquicklysothatshecouldcatchthebus.asaresult的用法asaresuh用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为“结果是Hedidn'tlistencarefully.Asaresult,hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem.【注】asaresultof的意思是“由于，因为“，相当于becauseof。Peterwaslateasaresultoftheheavyrain.=Peterwaslatebecauseoftheheavyrain.【例题】()Theboystudiedhard.,hepassedtheexam.A.lafactB.OntimeC.AfterallD.AsaresultUnit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?重点短语：lookthroughworkoutgetonwithcutoutcompare...withinone'sopinionabigdealsothatgetintoafightcommunicatewithnot...until...callsb.upinsteadof语言知识归纳：Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?Whydon'tyoudosth=Whynotdosth.”为什么不 ?【拓展】提出建议的句型①What/Howaboutdoingsth.?做某事怎么样？②Shallwedosth.? 我们做某事好吗？③You'dbetter(not)dosth.你最好(不)做某事。④Whydon'tyoudosth. 为什么不做某事呢？⑤Wouldyouminddoingsth.?你介意做某事吗?allowv.允许，许可①allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事“Myparentsallowmetoplaycomputergameonweekends.②allowdoingsth.”允许做某事”Shedoesn'tallowsmokinginherhouse.③aHow+名词Wecan'tallowsuchathing.【例题】()Doyouoftenallowuntil11:00p.m.A.tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayupworkout产生 效果,进展 Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.对我们来说，事情进展很好。Heworkedoutthemathsproblem.他算出了这道数学题。Canyouworkouttheproblemalone?你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？communicatev.交流信息；沟通can'tcommunicatewiththematthemoment.此刻我无法同他们进行交流。communicationn.交流Peoplecan'tgetonwellwitheachotherwithoutcommunication.没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。()Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye-mail.A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicatearguevi.争论；争吵arguewithsb.与某人争论Don'targuewithyourparents.不要和你的父母争论。argue的名词形式是“argument”,haveanargumentwithsb.与某人辩论。Alicehandanargumentwithherbestfriend.【伊］题】()1neverarguemyparents.A.inB.toC.forD.withinsteadad也代替，顶替Ifyouarebusy,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.【辨析】instead与insteadofinstead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。insteadof介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。Hedidn'tanswer.Heaskedhisfatherinstead.Weeatriceinsteadofnoodles.【例题】（）Whataniceday!WeshouldgosightseeingwatchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwithD.outofferv.提供：提出；建议①offer做“提供”讲时，可接双宾语。offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth. 向某人提供某物Thewaitressofferedacupofteatotheman.=Thewaitressofferedthemanacupoftea.②offer还有“提出，建议”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。Theoldmanofferedtolendtheboysomemoney.【例题】（）Thelittleboy hisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.broughtAndtheyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherpare作动词，意为“比较，和 相比①compare...with...把 同 相比较Parentsshouldn'talwayscomparetheirchildrenwithothers.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。②compare」。...把 比作 Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】（）Myhandwritingcannotbecompared myfather's.A.toB.withC.onD.forMycousinborrowsmythingswithoutreturningthem.①return意为“归还”，其后可接双宾语returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.Don'tforgettoreturnmethekeys.②return还有“返回”的意思，相当于goback,后接地点时需要介词to。HereturnedtoShanghaiaweekago.【例题】①那本书你还给图书馆了吗？Didyouthebookthelibrary?（2）（）Idon'tknowwhenwewillHongKong.A.returnbackB.returntoC.returnbacktoD.returnUnit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?重点短语:gooffpickupfallasleepdiedownmakeone'swayinsilencetakedownatfirstwaitforinamesstherestofhavemeaningtobasketballcompetitionaswellmakesure语言知识归纳：while当 的时候作连词引导时间状语从句，在while引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。WhileIwaswatchingTV,someoneknockedatthedoor.when意为“当 时”，动作有一前一后的意思。WhenIpassedthatroomIheardsomeonesinging.while作连词时也可理解为“然而”，表示转折关系。Ilikeappleswhilemysisterdoesn,t.【例题】（）Tomlikesreadinganewspaperheishavingbreakfast.A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though（）Marywastalkingonthephonesomeoneknockedatthedoor.A.while B.before C.when D.aftermakesure查明；确信makesureofsth.makesuretodosth.makesurethat+从句【例题】（）ReadyourEnglishpaperagainandthereisnomistakeinitbeforeyouhanditin.A.makesureB.tumupC.comeoutD.lookforIgottothebusstopbutIstillmissedthebus.get意为“到达”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。HowcanIgettothenearestsupermarket?表示“到达”的三种形式：①arrive意为到达Jat+小地点arrivein+大地点②getto后接地点名词。Hegottoschoolat7:00thismorning.③reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。WhendidyoureachAmerica?［伊］题］()Pleasewritetomeassoonasyouyourschool.A.getto B.reachto C.arriveD.come()-WhendidyourauntinShandong?-Yesterdayafternoon.A.reachB.getC.arriveD.comePeopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory,hear动词，意为“听说”。常用结构为：①hearsb.dosth.听见某人做某事②hearsb.doingsth.听见某人正在做某事③hearof/aboutsb./sth.听说某人或某事④hearfromsb.收到某人的来信⑤hear+that从句听说 【例题】()Tomlikestoothersbutheneverwritestothem.A.hear B.hearofC.hearaboutD.hearfrom()-Whendidyouthenews?-Justnow.A.hearaboutB.hearfromC.heardD.hearing5.1playedthesongwithoutanymistakes.without介词，意为“无；没有”，其反义词为with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.Hewenttoworkwithouthavingbreakfast.【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。Sheenteredtheroomatthedoor.你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？CanyouseeclearlyyourUnit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.重点短语：alittlebit insteadof oonceuponatimefallinlovegetmarriedonceuponatimefallinloveassoonas insteadof givebirthtobeborn o语言知识归纳：2.try的用法①trytodosth.尽力做某事 HeistryingtolearnEnglish.②trydoingsth.试着做某事Youshouldtrytakingmoreexercise③tryone'sbest尽力 I'lltrymybesttohelphim.（4）tryon试穿Wouldyouliketotrythisdresson?2.remindvt.使想起,提醒①remindsb.of/aboutsth.使某人想起某事Thesongremindmeofmychildhood.②remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事Peterremindedhertoattendthemeetingontime.Whatdoyouthinkof...?你认为 怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?注：diink后接动名词，like后接带to的不定式如：Whatdoyouthinkof-oingclimbingtomorrow?=Howdoyouliketogoclimbingtomorrow?你认为明天去爬山怎么样？【例题】（）-doyouthinkofthefootballmatch?■It'sperfect.IVsmoreexcitingthanmatchthatIhaveeverwatched.A.How;anyother B.How;anyothersC.What;anyother D.What;anyothersNeitherofyouiswrong.你们两个都没错。neither两者都不；也不e.g.Neitheroftheideasisgood.Ilikeneithersubject.neither作连词，表示“既不……也不……”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。e.g.Neitheryounorheisinthisteam.NeitherhenorIamateacher.【例题】（）-Whichdoyouprefer,aCDplayerorawalkman?-.Ipreferacomputer.A.BothB.EitherC.NoneD.Neitherunless的用法unless的意思是“除非，如果不“，相当于ifnot,用来引导条件状语从句。主句同常用将来时，从句用一般现在时。e.g.Youwillmisstheearlybusunlessyougetupearly.Wewon'tgotothecinematomorrowunlessmymotherdoes.【例题】（）Wecan'tbesuccessful_wekeepworkinghard.A.if B.unless C.becauseD.whenso・・・that«・・如此 以至于 .that...可以转化为简单句，要用或not...enoughto…句型时，not后要用原句中的彩容词或副词的反义词。Sheissoyoungthatshecan'tlookafterherself.=Sheistooyoungtolookafterherself.=Sheisnotoldenoughtolookafterherself.【例题】（）-Youstudyhardyou'resuretopasstheexam.-Thankyouforsayingso.A.enough;toB.as;asC.so;thatassoonas一 就 assoonas为连词，引导时间状语从句当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“主将从现e.g.riltellheraboutthematterassoonasshereturnshome.PHringyouupassoonasIgottoSanya.【例题】（）-WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane?-Sure.Tilgiveittohershearriveshere.A.beforeB.untilC.becauseD.assoonasthewholefamily全家whole的用法①作形容词，意为“全部的；完整的thewholenight整夜 inthewholeworld全世界②作名词，意为“全部，全体，整个asawhole作为整体 thewholeofChina整个中国【辨析】whole与allwhole一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而all则位于这些词之前allthetime/thewholetime整个时间allmylife/mywholelife我的一生alltheclass/thewholeclass整个班级【例题】（）Alisonhasbeenskatingfortwohours.A.theall B.wholethe C.thewholeD.allofbemadeof与bemadefrom由 制成①bemadeof表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料Thedesksaremadeofwood.②bemadefrom看不出原材料，属于化学变化Paperismadeofwood.【例题】（）Thispairofshoesbyhand,anditverycomfortable.A.ismadefrom;isfeltB.aremadeof;feelsC.ismadeby;feelsUnit7What'sthehighestmountainintheworld?重点短语：feelfreeasfarasIknowinthefaceofeventhoughatbirthwalkintofalloverorsotakeinmanytimesendangeredanimalsachieveone'sdream语言知识归纳：3.比较级和最高级的特殊句型①“get/become+形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”表示"变得越来越 ”，当形容词为多音节词（少数双音节词）时，用"moreandmore+原级Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.②“the+形容词比较级 the+形容词比较级 ”意为"越 就越 Theharderyouworkatyourstudy,thebettergradesyouwillhave.③“oneofthe+最高级+可数名词复数''表示"最 之一ChengduisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.④Thisis/was+the+最高级+名词+that引导的定语从句。ThisisthemostinterestingstoryIhaveeverread.三级句型之间的转换形容词比较级+thananyother+单数名词Thisbookismoredifficultthananyotherbookhere.=Thisbookisthemostdifficultofall.形容词比较级+thantheother+复数名词Billistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.同级比较用as...as…，否定式为notas/so…as…Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotastallashisfather.③“more+形容词”与"less+形容词”及"notso/as...as"的互换。Thisquestionismoredifficultthanthatone.=Thatquestionislessdifficultthanthisone.=Thatquestionisn'tsodifficultasthisone.2.数量的表达英语中通常将数字放在单位词的前面，而将表示长、宽、高等的词放在单位词的后面。固定句式为：主语+be+数词+形容词(长、宽、高、深……)oTheboyis1.7meterstall.Thisbuildingis90metershigh.Chinahasthebiggestpoiulatioiiintheworld.①population是集体名词，没有复数形式，作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。Thepopulationoftheschoolis500.②指人口多少时，一般用large或small来表示。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.③提问“有多少人口“，用what或howlarge,而不用howmany。What'sthepopulationofChina?succeedv.成功，做到succeed常与in连用，succeedindoingsth.(成功做某事)Didyousucceedinbookingtheticket?successn.成功Workinghardcanleadtosuccess.successful用作形容词，意思是“成功的Lindaisasuccessfuldancerandshedanceswell.【伤“题】()-Dearfriends,pleasereadeverysentencecarefully.Detailsdecideornot.A.successB.successful C.succeedThiselephantweighsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.(1)表示两倍用twice,三倍(及以上)用“基数词+times”。(2)倍数的表达：A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+BThisclassroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.【例题】（）Thecartravelsthetrain.A.twotimeasfastasB.twotimesasfastasC.twotimeasfasteras7.Weshouldprotectwhalesfromwatertect保护、保卫protect...from…”保护 免受 的侵害”Everyoneshouldprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution.Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?重点短语：fullofcountrymusicbelongtomillionsof语言知识归纳:4.现在完成时(1)用法：hurryupeversincefinishdoingsth.sciencefictiononeanotherfightover①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Ihavepostedthephotos.我已经把这些照片邮寄了。②表示过去发生的动作及状态一直持续到现在。HehasstudiedEnglishforthreeyears.(2)现在完成时的构成及其变化构成have/has+动词的过去分词。其中have/has为助动词Mikehas=Mike'stheyhave=they've(3)现在完成时常用的时间状语没有实际意义，可缩写already,just,ever,yet,fortwoyears,since1995,sofar,inthelastfewyears【例题】（）・Didyouborrowthecomicbookfromthelibrary?-Yes.Iitforthreedays.Tilreturnitthisafternoon.A.borrowed B.keptC.haveborrowedD.havekept（）-Hello,mayIspeaktoMiss.Wang?-Sorry,sheisn'tin.Shetheoffice.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeenaway()-I'vegotthefinalHarryPotterbook.-Youwillloveit.Iittwicealready.A.amreadingB.havereadC.wasreadingD.willread3.Tvealreadyfinishedreadingit!finishdoingsth.完成做某事Theyfinisheddoingtheworklastweek.Whoelseisonmyisland?else意为“其他的”主要用在疑问词who,whose,what,where,when及不定代词somebody,anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,something,anything,nothing后面。-Whatelsedoyouwant? -Nothingelse.other也作“其他的''讲，但用法不同other是形容词，修饰名词，并放在名词前Whenaretheotherboysarrive?另外other还可修饰代词one或one's。Thisstoryismoreinterestingthantheotherone.【例题】用else或other填空。Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Wherearetheboys?Givemethepencil,notthisone.Whomwouldyoudoitwith?...butnotaboutbelongingtoagroup 但不是关于属于一个集体。belongto意为“属于“，后接宾语，不用于进行时态和被动语态。Thisbookbelongstome,butthatonebelongstoMary.Thenewpenbelongstome.ThehonorbelongstoTom.Sarahhasn'tbeentoNashvilleyet.havebeento...去过 【辨析】havebeento与havegonetohavebeento+地名，表示“某人曾经到过某地”，现在已经不在那个地方了(回来了)。havegoneto表示“已经去了某地“，还没有回来，可能在那里或在途中。不能与段时间连用。Johnisn'there.Wherehashegone?

HehasbeentomanyplacessincehecametoChina.【例题】（）AnumberoftouristsYangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.havegonetoHowdoesitmakethemfeel?make为使役动词，后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语即makesb.dosth.Mymotheroftenmakesmecleantheroom.make后跟复合宾语的类型①make+宾语+名词Mostpopsingersmakemusictheircareer.②make+宾语+形容词Whathedidmakeshismotherhappy.③make+宾语+过去分词Canyoumakeyourselfunderstood?Haveyouintroducedthissingertoothers?introducesb.tosb.把某人介绍给某人introduceoneself做自我介绍Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?重点短语：takethesubwayencouragesb.todosth.practicedoingsth.takethesubwayencouragesb.todosth.practicedoingsth.allyearroundontheonehand...ontheotherhand...haveproblemdoingsth.closeto duringthedaytime语言知识归纳：1.Meneither.我也没（去过Meneither=NeitherhaveI.-Ican'tswim.-Meneither./NeithercanI.【例题】（）-Ihaven'tbeentoSanya,howaboutyou?-.A.Metoo.B.Meneither.C.Mealso.D.Mehaven't.（）-DidyouseePeterandMike?-No,Isawofthem.A.neither B.eitherC.bothD.noneNeitherhenorI(am/is)astudent.Italsoencouragesgovernmentsandsocialgroupstothinkaboutwaystoimprovetoiletsinthefuture,encourage鼓励encouragesb.(todosth.)【例题】()-Theteachersalwaysencouragehimhard.A.study B.studies C.tostudy D.studyingMaybeyoufearthatyouwon'tbeabletofindanythinggoodtoeatwhenyoutravel.fear害怕；惧怕fear的不同用法feartodosth.Thegirlsfeartogooutatnight.fearforsb./sth.Policefearforthelostchildren.③fearthat+从句【例题】(1)我们担心我们会在森林里迷路。WewewillgetlostintheforestSomestudentsfear(speak)infrontoftheclass.WhetheryoulikeIndianfood,WesternfoodorJapanesefood,you'llfinditallinSingapore.whether用作连词，意为“不管 (还是)：或者 (或者)常用结构有：whether...or...Whetheritiseasyoritisdifficult,wewon'tgiveup.unusualadj.不同寻常的，罕见的前缀un■表否定的意思有“不，未，无”之意。unhappy不开心的 unkind冷酷的 untidy不整洁的unbelievable令人难以置信的 unknown不出名的Ontheonehand,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese...®threequarters是分数，意为"四分之三quarter有“一^钟，四分之一''的含义。在英语中表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如分子大于1,分母要用复数形