初中英语语法名词性从句

精品精品..名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一．主语从句that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。thatWhatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.Thatheisgoingaboardmadehimexcited.WheretheEnglishpartywillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it。Itisinterestingthatyoulikehim.Itisapitythatyoucannotgotothepartytonight.连接词的选用thatwhat的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是一本书。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光线沿直线运行。ifwhether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.whatever/whoeverwhatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=nomatterwhat=anythingthat;whoever=nomatterwho=anyonewho.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）＝Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（让步状语从句）＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.二．宾语从句名词用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。由连接词that由连接词that但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.注：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist、request、desire、command等表示要求，命令，建议，决定等意义的..动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。 精品Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句时，注意语序是陈述语序。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般现在时）当主句动词是过去时态couldwould除外理，科学原理自然现象，则从句仍然用现在时。TheteachertoldmethatTomhadleftusforAmerica.Theteachertoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.think,believe,imagine,suppose,expectWedon’tthinkyouarehere.Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.三．表语从句从句位于系动词后，有时用asif+that从句。Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.That’sjustwhatIwant.Thisiswhereourproblemlies.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain...注：当主语是reason时表语从句要用that引导而不是use.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.四．同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导。Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionship.I'vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon'tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我们相信张卫会守信的。五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别That作为关系代词可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省。试比较下面两句话。Ihavenoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句，不可省）Ihaveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinaccidentGreece.(that 可以省）选择： isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.There B.This C.That D.It whattheytoldmereallytrue?Has B.Is C.Does D.Have shecouldn'tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;4. we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.精品精品..A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where-Doyouremember hecame?-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.how B.when C.that D.IfWouldyoupleasetellme next,MrWang?whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhatYoucan’timagine whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcitedIwanttoknow youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.that B.when C.where D.WhetherEverymorningthepatientsareaskedif theirtemperaturetaken.theyhadhad B.havetheyhadC.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhadIt’suptoyoutodecide you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.how B.why C.that D.When—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat youhadafewdaysoff?(1999)why B.when C.what D.where shecouldn’tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;thatThetraditionalviewis wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.when B.why C.whether D.that14..Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’showSeetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas wedidthismorning.when B.which C.where D.WhatThefact hewassuccessfulproveshisability.that B.what C.which D.WhyHissuggestion themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.which B.that C./ D.itIhavenoidea