历年考研真题英语二阅读理解

历年考研真题英语二阅读理解历年考研真题英语二阅读理解历年考研真题英语二阅读理解1Text2Text2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegeForyears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedforstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated"aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.reproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalSciense.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.asgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindinsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)completedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants，afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed，whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegreestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegreeTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveaTheirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudentsTheycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents"struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learntherulesofthegame，andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,"theywriteAndthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudentsBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowBecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperiencesocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience，manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[A]reducedtheirdropoutratesnarrowedtheachievementgaomisseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents[D]depressedcollegestudents27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause[A]theproblemissolvable[B]theirapproachiscostless[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[qtherecruitingratehasincreased[D]theirfindingappealtostudents[D]theirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[qareinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollage29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudentsstudents[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudentsmaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat--30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat--[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-class[A]universitiesoftenr~ectthecultureofthemiddle-classstudentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresourcessocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion答案：答案：26.Cmisseditsoriginalpurpose27.Atheproblemissolvable28.Careinneedoffinancialsupport28.Careinneedoffinancialsupport29.Dareinexperiencedinhandlingissuesatcollege29.Dareinexperiencedinhandlingissues30.Dcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheproblemquestion2Text2Text2Whilefossiluillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it’sclearerthaneverthatthefuturetorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysourcesButSomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesrenewablesespeciallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshadroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdin80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetothepasteightyears.Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whilerestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,therestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,fortheUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10firsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatPresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.generation—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.Thequestion“Whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.couldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.Whilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesWhilethere’salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobearespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—motealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestin26.Theword“plummeting”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.[A]stabilizing[B]changing[B]changingfalling27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.America.[A]isprogressingnotably[A]isprogressingnotablyisasextensiveasinEuropefacesmanychallenges[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.windisawidelyusedenergysourcewindenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergy29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs56?[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.[C]Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.[D]Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergyenergy .[A]willbringtheUSAclosertoothercountries.[A]willbringtheUSAclosertoothercountries.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSAgovernment.[D]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost.[D]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost.3Text2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.onwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.WerosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoWerosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.stalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.RatherthatPsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleorlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseanoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelievedfalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthatwhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghavehigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouareareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostpersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.versionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthave26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundfoundthat .[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffectiveVisualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s [A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defenceEpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedtoto [A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[A]underestimatetheirinsecuritiesbelieveintheirattractivenesscoveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaning29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningtoto .[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[B]occasionally[C]particularly[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan .[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides4Text2Text2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2millionintentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,departed.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.TheyevenhadanaffectionateeventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tnemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.andillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theypreferbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthem