Unit4 语法专题 定语从句 关系代词选择技巧 人教版 2019 必修第一册

第四单元语法-定语从句（1）关系代词选择技巧语法知识精讲Grammar定语从句(Ⅰ)——关系代词的用法 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起“定语”的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主句的全部内容;通常在被修饰的词语(即“先行词”)之后,由“关系词”引导。要学好定语从句,就必须理解透“关系词”具有的三种功能:连接从句,引导一个定语从句;指代“先行词”;在定语从句中充当句子成分。“关系词”依据其在定语从句中的功能,又分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”两种。本单元主要学习关系代词的用法。要正确使用关系代词就必须掌握其指代功能和语法功能。(1)常见的关系代词的用法关系代词及其语法功能指代功能例句that在从句中做主语、宾语或表语指物Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(做主语)Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.(做宾语)Themodernplaneisnotthemachine(that)itwaswhenfirstinvented.(做表语)指人Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.(做主语)Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.(做宾语)Heisnolongeralittleboy(that)heusedtobe.(做表语)续表关系代词及其语法功能指代功能例句which在从句中做主语或宾语指物Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(做主语)Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.(做宾语)who在从句中做主语指人TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledWangHua.whom在从句中做宾语指人Theprofessor(whom)youmentionedhasn’tcomeyet.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.MrsBrownistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.whose在从句中做定语指人HenryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.指物Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenbelongstome.(2)只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况用法例句先行词为all,much,little,everything,something,anything,nothing,none,noone等代词时Ihavesaidall(that)Iwanttosay.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?续表用法例句先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰,或本身就是最高级、序数词时Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshowninthecity.We’llneverforgetthefirstlesson(that)ourEnglishteachergaveus.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,just,all,every,no,little,few,any等修饰时Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttobuy.Thereislittlework(that)youcando.Theonlything(that)Icandoistohavearest.先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthemanandthethingsthattheysaw.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?先行词做主句的表语时Chinaisn’tthecountry(that)itusedtobe.先行词是therebe句式中的主语时Thereisatableinthecornerthatisfoldedaway.(3)只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况用法例句当关系代词前有介词时Thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived.引导非限制性定语从句时Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.一个句子中有两个限制性定语从句时,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用whichHeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokilltime.当先行词本身是that时Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.(4)只用who不用that引导定语从句的情况用法例句先行词是指人的不定代词时Amonghissevenchildren,Nancyistheonewhotheoldmanlovesthemost.在therebe句式中,先行词指人时Thereissomeonewhoissingingdownstairs.(5)关系代词as的用法关系代词as的用法①可位于句首/句中/句末),位置灵活②常做主动语态的宾语③常做被动语态的主语④常用于beknown(expected,announced,reported,shown)等结构中⑤只能指代主句整个概念,不能指代单个先行词⑥可以引导(非)限制性定语从句⑦引导限制性定语从句时常和thesame,such等连用⑧thesame…as指不同的人或物,thesame…that指相同的人或物⑨as不用于引导否定的定语从句Taiwan,as/whichyouknow,isaninseparablepartofChina.Asyouknow,TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,as/whichyouknow.Thetwobrothersweresatisfiedwiththisdecision,asweagreedbeforehand.Theprofessor,aswehadexpected,gaveusawonderfulspeech.Asisknowntoall,Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinthelast20years.Heisfromthesouth,asIlearnfromhisaccent.I’veneverheardofsuchthingsashetold.Hemadethesamemistakesasyoudid.【拓展】①关系代词在从句中做主语时,应根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowsFrench.(theonlyone为先行词)HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowFrench.(students为先行词)②关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词做动词宾语或介词宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawlastnightwasLiMing.③定语从句中的常见错误:a.缺先行词。Isthisschoolthatyouvisitedlastyear?(应在school后加上theone)b.缺引导词。Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.(应在Children后加上who,关系代词做主语时不能省略)c.成分重复。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedthereyearsago.(where和there成分重复,应删除there)语法知识专练单句语法填空1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

2.AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedge(边缘)ofthejacket,thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.

3.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

4.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.

5.ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.

6.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofpurposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.

7.Myeldestson,worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.

8.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

9.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,isontherooftopoftheirhouse.

10.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingswereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:car,magazinesandmusicalinstruments.

11.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

12.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithhereducation.

13.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

14.Oct.1st,isourNationalDay,isalwayscelebratedwithsinginganddancing.

15.—IgotanemailfromSusan,saidshewasgoingabroadforsightseeing.

—Fantastic!That’swhatshehasbeendreamingof.参考答案1.who考查定语从句的关系词。此处先行词是theirmasters且关系词在从句中做主语,故用who。2.that/which分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为apieceofcloth,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。3.which句意:她和她的家人骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。根据句子结构可知,此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子,且which在从句中做主语。4.that/which分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为astudy,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。5.that/who根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是Manywesterners,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/who。6.whose本题用whose引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中做定语,修饰后面的名词purposes。注意:whose用作关系代词时,可用于指人,也可用于指物。7.whose先行词是Myeldestson,定语从句中缺少定语,故用who