八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳

八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。Thesilkdressfeelssoft.Theflowerslookverybeautiful.Doesitsmellnice

Thesongdoesn’tsoundbenoisy.对名词或名词短语感叹用what2.Whatadelicioussmell!多么香啊！对名词或名词短语感叹用what感叹句结构：=1\*GB3①What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whataninterestingbookitis!=2\*GB3②What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+（主语+谓语）！Whatbadweatheritistoday!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用howWhatgoodstudentstheyare!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用how=3\*GB3③How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Howfastheisrunning!Howdeliciousitsmells!HowImissthedayswespenttogether!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！3.I’mafraid+句子:恐怕……I’mafraidhehasnotimetoday.4.bedone做好了Isyourhomeworkdone你的作业做好了吗？Dinnerisdone!晚饭做好了！5.haveatry试一试；尝一尝6.haveasweettooth喜好甜食7.thanksfor=thankyoufor+名词/动词-ing。因……而感谢你。Thanksforyourhelp.=Thanksforhelpingme.Thankyouforinvitingmetoyourparty.8.hearfrom…=get/receivealetterfrom…收到……的来信9.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待去做某事Ican’twaittoseeyou.10.人+spend+时间（in）doingsth.。=Ittakes+人+时间+todosth.某人花费多少时间做某事Hespenttwodays(in)readingthenovel.=Ittookhimtwodaystoreadthenovel.11.too也（置于句末，前加逗号）also也(置于居中be或情态动词之后)aswell也（置于句末，前不加逗号）12.beproudof…以……为豪Myparentsareproudofme.13.Howdoyoufeelabout+名词/动词-ing=Whatdoyouthinkof+名词/动词-ing你觉得……怎么样？Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?HowdoyoufeelaboutcomingtoChina=WhatdoyouthinkofcomingtoChina?14.beafraidof+名词/动词-ing：害怕….Iamafaidofdog/goingoutatnight.beafraidofdoingsth.=beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Sheisafraidofsleepingaloneatnight.=Sheisafraidtosleepaloneatnight.15.Whatdoessb.looklike某人长得怎么样（问外表）答：short/tall/young/pretty…Whatissblike某人性格怎么样（问性格或品质）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind..-WhatdoesyourEnglishteacherlooklike

-Heistallwithpairofglasses.

-WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike-Heisstrictbutfriendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has+动词过去分词——(否定)haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经做过…还没有做过…标志词：already、ever、never、yet、just等。Ihaveseenthemovie.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在了解该电影了。）Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.他已经完成了作业。（他可以交作业了）Wehaven’thaddinneryet.我们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿）Haveyoueverenteredaspeakingcompetition你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗（变一般疑问句把have/has提到句首）Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.2.enteracompetition=takepartinacompetition参加竞赛3.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish.4.affordsth.买得起某物Ican’taffordthenewbike.affordtodosth.付得起钱去做某事=haveenoughmoneytobuysth.Shecan’taffordtogotoschool.她没钱去上学。5.stoptodosth.=stopandthendosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事I’mtired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！It’stimeforclassnow.Let’sstoptalking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！6.makeup编写makeupastory编故事makeit/themup(代词要放中间)7.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事8.fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s,作定语）fifteenyearsold十五岁（短语，不能作定语，常作表语）Heisfifteenyearsold.=Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.9.atthemoment=now此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10.have/hasbeento+某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用）have/hasgoneto+某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）have/hasbeenin+某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for+时间段连用）IhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Heisn’therenow.HehasgonetotheUSA.WehavebeeninChinafor20years.11.bedifferentfrom…与…..不同12.findit+形容词+todosth.发现做某事是….的（it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面不定式）Ifinditeasytolearnmaths.我发现学数学很容易。TonyfindsithardtospeakChinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13.sofar到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）SofarIhavelearnt3，000Englishwords.14.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld全世界15.countdown倒数M31.already已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）Ihavealreadyknownhimyet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Hasitarrivedyet

just刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）Theyhavejustarrived.2.Whatareyourupto=Whatareyoudoing?你在忙什么？3.I’mnotsurehowtomakeit.=I’mnotsurehowIcanmakeit.4.That’swhy….那就是……的原因了。5.inorderto+动词原形：为了…Heworkssohardinordertogetthebestscore.sothat+句子=inorderthat+句子：为了…Heworkssohardsothat(inorderthat)hecangetthebestscore.6.thereis——(现在完成时形式)therehasbeen已经有/存在thereare——(现在完成时形式)therehavebeen已经有/存在Therehavebeenmanybuildingsinourvillagesince15yearsago.7.goaround围绕……转8.noneof+名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）：……没有一个（既指人也指物）noone+动词（单）=nobody（仅指人，不与of连用，常用于who提出的问题）Noneofthestudentsknow(s)theanwer.没有一个学生知道答案。-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom–None.一个也没有（强调数量）Nooneknowstheanswer.–Who’sintheclassroom-Noone.没有人（强调有没有人）9.becalled…被称为……10.asmallpartof……….的一小部分11.communicatewith…与……联系12.finishdoingsth.完成做某事13.writeback回信M4重要语法：1.现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点”、sofar、recently（最近）、inthelast10years（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于howlong问句中。IhavelearntEnglishfor6years.Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.Chinahaschangedalotinthelast30years.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?

特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与“for+时间段/since+时间点”或howlong问句中，动词必须为可延续性动词（learn,stay,live…），不能为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die…),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：buy–haveborrow----keep/haveleave----beawaydie----bedeadcome/go/reach—beinjointheparty------beintheparty……错误：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3days.(buy为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用)正确：Ihavehad/keptthebikefor3days.(将buy改为延续性动词have2.（问）--Howlong…

多久…..

（答）---For+时间段/since+时间点。Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis

你这样多久了？Ihavebeenillforaboutthreedays.我生病大约三天了。3.catchacold感冒haveafever发烧takeone’stemperature测量某人的体温doexercise锻炼fastfood快餐notusually不经常threetimesaday一天三次4.beharmfulto…对…..有害Playingcomputergamesisharmfultoyoureyes.5.bydoing…通过做….decide（not）todosth.决心（不）做某事inexcellent/badcondition身体状况良好/差ridetowork=gotoworkbybike骑车上班arriveat/in=getto=reach到达withasmileonone’sface面带笑脸goforarun去跑步feelawful感到不适allover浑身；遍及6.too…to…太……而不能……Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.7.choosesb.todosth.选择某人去干某事ontheway在路上M51.It’stimeto(动词)dosth.=It’stimefor（名词）sth.该做某事的时候了。It’stimetohaveclass.=It’stimeforclass.playgames.=games.eatdinner.=dinner2.fight（foughtfoutht）sb.打某人fightwithsb.与某人打架fightfor…为……而战3.flythrough飞越climbup爬上4.Iwanttobesomeonelikehim.我想成为想他那样的人。5.keepdoingsomething不断做某事keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth.=stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事Keeptrying,andyou’llsucceed（成功）.不断尝试，你就会成功！6.can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事Shecouldn’thelpcryingwhensheheardthenews.Ican’thelpmissingyouwhenIseethephotos.Thelittleboycan’thelpdancingwiththerockmusic.7.over=morethan超过8.wintheheartofsb.赢得某人的心Theboywontheheartofthebeautifulgirl.9.makeaterriblemess弄得一团糟10.expecttodosth.期待做某事Iexpecttoseeyousoon.11.eversince+句子(一般过去时)常用于现在完成时）Whe1980s在二十世纪八十年代in1980在1980年（没有the和s）13.findreallifehardtounderstand=findithardtounderstandrealhard发现现实生活难以理解find+宾格+形容词+todo…=findit+形容词+todo+宾格：发现做…是…的14.aswellas=with/andalso和；以及；也；像……一样好HecanspeakEnglishaswellasFrench.他会说英语，也会说法语。TonyaswellashisparentslivesinChinanow.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据就远原则，与aswellas前的主语人称和数一致）IcanspeakEnglishaswellashim.我的英语说得想他一样好。15.cometolife复活/恢复生气16.bepopularwithsb.收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别:时态概念谓语动词形式时间标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作动词原形/三单oftenusuallysometimeseveryday/week…一般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterday…agojustnow,lastweek/year…现在完成时：=1\*GB3①已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+过去分词alreadyyetjustnever….=2\*GB3②过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。for+时间段、since+时间点，sofar,rencently…M61.takeup=1\*GB3①占据（空间/时间）Thedesktookuptoomuchroom.Playingcomputergameshastakenupmostofhistime.=2\*GB3②从事Hetookupartatschool.他在学校教美术。2.findsomewheretositdown找地方坐下3.abitof+不可数名词=alittleofabitoffood/orangejuice…abitofamess有点乱abit+形容词/副词=alittleabittired/hungry…区别：notabit:一点也不notalittle:很/非常4.must一定（表推测）Itmustbereallyvaluable.他一定很值钱。5.as+(形容词/副词)原级+as:像……一样…Heisastallashisbrother.否定：notas…as…不如…..Tomisnotastallashisbrother.6.inone’slife在（某人）一生中7.makesb./sth.+动词原形：使某人/某物做某事Don’tmakemelaugh.Thebossmadetheworkerworkforalongtime.类似：letsb./sth.+动词原形：让某人/某物做某事8.growasaperson长大成人9.some…others…一些……另外一些……10.developone’sinterest培养某人的兴趣11.aswellas=besides除了…..之外，还包括….AswellasTom,hisparentscametotheparty.汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会。12.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事13.comeout出版；外出；14.asaresult结果asaresultof….由于…….=becauseof……Hedidn’tworkhard,asaresult,hedidn’tpasstheexam.15.beinterestedin+名词/动词-ing:对……感兴趣Iamveryinterestedinmaths.Areyouinterestedindancing

16.sb.spend+时间+doingsth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.Heusuallyspendslotsoftimeplayingcomputergames.=Itusuallytakeshimlotsoftimetoplaycomputergames.M71.preparefor…为…..做准备=getreadyfor2.makealistof…列……的清单3.get…ready把……准备好4.Itsoundscrazy.这听起来很荒唐。5.Idon’tknowwhattotake.（简单句=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldtake.（复合句）6.attheendof在…..的尽头/结尾7.Is200dollarsenough（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50yearsislongtime.100metresisashortdistance.8.hadbetter+动词原形：最好做某事Youhadbetterstayhomeatnight.否定：hadbetternot+动词原形：最好不要做某事：You’dbetternotgooutnow.9.bytheway顺便说一下gocrazy变疯inagroupof20二十人一组10.=1\*GB3①offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedthepoorlotsoffoodandwater.=2\*GB3②offertodosth.自愿去做某事Theyofferedtohelpme.11.learnabout了解atthesametime同时bewelltrained受过良好培训dependon依赖；取决于14.providesb.sth.提供某人某物=providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.15.settests安排考试formclosefriendshipswith…与…..结成亲密的友谊stayintouchwith…和……保持联系taketripsto…到……去旅行atleast至少fillout填写M81.重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复合句=主句+引导词+宾语从句。Icanhardlybelieve(that)we’reinthecitycentre.Tonyguessesthattheparkisverypopular.Linglingsuggeststhattheyspendthedaythere.Linglingdoesn’tthinktheparkwillbebusy.主句和从句的时态关系：=1\*GB3①主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She

says

(that)

she

works

from

Monday

to

Friday.（从句为一般现在时）She

says

(that)

she

will

leave

a

message

on

his

desk.（从句为一般将来时）Mygrandparentsoftentellmetheylivedahardlifeinthepast.（从句为一般过去时）Xiaomingsayshehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.（从句为现在完成时）=2\*GB3②主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态Hesaid

(that)therewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（从句用一般过去时）He

said

(that)

he

was

going

to

take

care

of

the

baby.

（从句用过去将来时）Ourteachertoldushehadtaughtherefor20years.（从句用过去完成时）=3\*GB3③特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He

said

that

light

travels

much

faster

than

sound.

他说光比声音传播得快)Theteachertoldustheearthgoesaroundthesun.（客观事实）She

said(that)

her

father

is

twenty-eight

years

older

than

her.（客观事实）Myfathertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.（客观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe，宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定转移到主句上。

I

don't

think

he

is

going

to

help

you

with

your

English.

Wedon’tbelievethatwehavewonthebasketballmatch.2.hardly几乎不=almostnotHecanhardlybelievetheresult,canhe（前否后肯）3.so…that…如此……以至于……Thelittleboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.=Thelittleboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thelittleboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.sothat…以便；为了=inordertharHegotupearlysothathecouldcatchuptheearlybus.4.hearsb./sth.+动词原形：听见某人/某物（经常/过去）做…….hearsb./sth.+动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做…….Ioftenhearherplaythepianoinherroom.Iheardherplaythepianoinherroomlastnight.Ihearherplayingthepianoinherroomnow.5.befamousfor因……而著名befamousas+职业/身份：作为……而出名Thisparkisfamousforitslake.Luxunisfamousasawriter.6.allowdoingsth.允许做某事Theydon'tallowsmokinghereallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Hisparentsallowedhimtogooutwithme.allow+that从句：Heallowedthattheywereright.

他承认他们是对的7.It’sbetter(forsb.)todosth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。It’sbetterforyoutostopsmoking.=Youhadbetterstopsmoking.8.pointout指出pointat/to…指着（近物/远物）9.atthetopof在……的顶部moveabout四处走动10.promisetodosth.答应做某事Hmisenottodosth.保证不做某事Tmise+that从句:Myparentspromisethattheywillbuymeanewshirt.11.haveawonderfultime玩得开心magicland仙境squarekilometer平方公里byasmalllake在小湖边wakesb.up唤醒某人12.withoutdoing…没有做…..Wecameoutwithoutmakinganynoise.13.Itisapitythat+从句。真遗憾…..It’sapitythatyouhavemissedtheparty.14.walkdownthepath顺路而下15.putleavesoffplants从植物扯下叶子16.thesecondlargest第二大….(the+序数词+最高级：第几最…..)17.fallasleep入睡M9基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）1.重要语法：=1\*GB3①if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether意为“是否”，用在将直接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他人的话）的复合句中做引导词，转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句，即陈述语序。基本结构：主句+if/whether+宾语从句（用陈述语序）（直接引语）“Areyouateacher?”heasks. （间接引语）Heasksif/whetherIamateacher.（直接引语）“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”theteacheraskedhim.（间接引语）Theteacheraskedif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的宾语从句Hewantstoknowifitwillraintomorrow.Idon’tknowwhetherheisathomeornot.注：if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用whether:=1\*GB2⑴在动词不定式之前只能用whetherIdon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse（拒绝）.

=2\*GB2⑵在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.

=3\*GB2⑶在介词后，只能用whether。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.

=4\*GB2⑷宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether。Whetheritistrueornot,Ican'ttell.

=5\*GB2⑸用if会引起歧义时，只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。=2\*GB3②特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/howmany…）基本结构：主句+基本结构：主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句（用陈述语序）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引）“What’syourname”

Mr.Liasksme.（间引）Mr.Liaskswhatmynameis.（直引）“Whydidheaskforhelp”

heasked.（间引）Heaskedwhyheaskedforhelp.间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Wheredoeshecomefrom

Idon’tknow.（合并句子）Idon’tknowwherehecomesfrom.（合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）HowcanIgetthere?Canyoutellme

（合并句子）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere（解析同上）注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2.mentionsth.tosb.向某人提及某事3.takeamessage（forsb.）：（为某人）捎口信4.打电话用语：Who’scalling=Who’sthatspeaking?你是哪位？Isthat…(speaking)

你是……吗？Thisis…speaking.我是……Could/MayIspeakto…我可以和…..说话吗？5.haveaproblemwithsb.和某人之间出了问题6.getseparated分开7.explainsth.tosb.向某人解析某事Pleaseexplainthemeaningtome.explain+疑问词+不定式：Couldyouexplainhowtodoitwell?

explain+宾语从句：Couldyouexplainwhathappenedthen?

8.refusetodosth.拒绝做某事Herefusedtohelpme.9.feel/besureof….对……有把握10.regrettodosth.遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regret---regretted--regrettedIregrettedsclodinghimtheotherday.我后悔几天前责备过他。regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已经做过了）Iregettotellyouthatyouaredismissed.

我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11.bepatientwithsb.对某人耐心12.introduceAtoB:把A介绍给B（认识）13.encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事Myparentsalwaysencouragemetostudyhard.14.haveahardtime过的艰难；遇到麻烦1