USelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件

AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

AmericanPresidentialElection1StartwiththeConstitution(宪法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionStartwiththeConstitution(宪法2ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionContent3Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件4Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialJobDescription5党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的6（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationprocess)总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection)primaryelction党的全国代表大会procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一

大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二

国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationproc7PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.PresidentialElectionSystemEl8Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionMoststatelawsestablishawi9“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M1008年美国选举人分布08年美国选举人分布11538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongress538electors1004353electors51250states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3选举人和选举人团制美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。

50states538Senate100House134.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式Processofpresidentialelection4.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug14EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）大规模的Eachstatehasitsownelector15TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectIndirectDirect16Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.

Thecandidatesofthemajorpa17总统大选电视辩论2012第一场总统大选电视辩论2012第一场18turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionturnoutin2008Maccineadmited19NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

NationalRepresentativesConfe20二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponents二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyones21Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;Time:thefirstTuesdayafter225.Inauguration:Januaryinthenextyear5.Inauguration:Januaryinth23USelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件24FactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequencyandlengthofelectionsFrequentpublicpollsMuchcoveragebythemediaTroublesomeregisteringprocessFactorsinfluencingturnout25NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionVerycostlyandmoneyconsumingcampaign;2008electioncostmorethan1billionUSDNegativeImpactof

Americanp26Inthefiercecompetition,alotofimmoraltrick

hasbeenused;personalattacksanddefamearealwaysbeenusedinthecampaignNegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionNegativeImpactof

Americanp27Theexistingelectionsystemmakeitdifficultforotherthirdparty(exceptDemocraticandPublic)tobeelected.NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionNegativeImpactof

Americanp282022/12/132022/12/12292022/12/132022/12/1230Whatwecanlearnfrom

AmericanpresidentialelectionTotallytransparentelectionprocess;Fullycompetitiveelectionprocess;Maturedelectionsystemandculture

clickmeWhatwecanlearnfrom

Ameri31THEENDTHEEND32演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！33AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

AmericanPresidentialElection34StartwiththeConstitution(宪法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionStartwiththeConstitution(宪法35ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionContent36Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美国选举制度课件37Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialJobDescription38党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的领导党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的39（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationprocess)总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection)primaryelction党的全国代表大会procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一

大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二

国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就职nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nominationproc40PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.PresidentialElectionSystemEl41Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionMoststatelawsestablishawi42“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M4308年美国选举人分布08年美国选举人分布44538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongress538electors1004353electors54550states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3选举人和选举人团制美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。

50states538Senate100House464.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式Processofpresidentialelection4.GeneralElection全国选举5.inaug47EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）大规模的Eachstatehasitsownelector48TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectIndirectDirect49Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.

Thecandidatesofthemajorpa50总统大选电视辩论2012第一场总统大选电视辩论2012第一场51turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionturnoutin2008Maccineadmited52NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

NationalRepresentativesConfe53二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponents二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautifyones54Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;Time:thefirstTuesdayafter555.Inauguration:Januaryinthenextyear5.Inauguration:Januaryinth56USelecto