【英语阅读】Do Schools Kill Creativity(教育扼杀创造力吗)

DoSchoolsKillCreativity?教育扼杀创造力？TEDtalkbyKenRobinsonNowoureducationsystemispredicatedontheideaofacademicability.Andthere'sareason.Thewholesystemwasinvented---aroundtheworld,therewerenopublicsystemsofeducation,really,beforethe19thcentury.Theyallcameintobeingtomeettheneedsofindustrialism.现在我们的教育体制是基于学术能力的理念的。这是有原因的。整个教育体制被创建出来——十九世纪前全世界没有公共教育体制，真的——都是为了满足工业化的要求。Sothehierarchyisrootedontwoideas.Numberone,thatthemostusefulsubjectsforworkareatthetop.Soyouwereprobablysteeredbenignlyawayfromthingsatschoolwhenyouwereakid,thingsyouliked,onthegroundsthatyouwouldnevergetajobdoingthat.Isthatright?Don'tdomusic,you'renotgoingtobeamusician;don'tdoart,youwon'tbeanartist.Benignadvice--now,profoundlymistaken.Thewholeworldisengulfedinarevolution.在看来，是严重的错误。整个世界都被卷入了一场革命。Andthesecondisacademicability,whichhasreallycometodominateourviewofintelligence,becausetheuniversitiesdesignedthesystemintheirimage.Ifyouthinkofit,thewholesystemofpubliceducationaroundtheworldisaprotractedprocessofuniversityentrance.你仔细思索，会发现世界各地的公共教育体制就是一场旷日持久的大学入学考试。Andtheconsequenceisthatmanyhighlytalented,brilliant,creativepeoplethinkthey'renot,becausethethingtheyweregoodatatschoolwasn'tvalued,orwasactuallystigmatized.AndIthinkwecan'taffordtogoonthatway.情在学校并不受重视，或者实际上受到了诬蔑。我认为我们不能走那条路。Inthenext30years,accordingtoUNESCO,morepeopleworldwidewillbegraduatingthrougheducationthansincethebeginningofhistory.Morepeople,andit'sthecombinationofallthethingswe'vetalkedabout--technologyanditstransformationeffectonwork,anddemographyandthehugeexplosioninpopulation.Suddenly,degreesaren'tworthanything.Isn'tthattrue?在接下来的30WhenIwasastudent,ifyouhadadegree,youhadajob.Ifyoudidn'thaveajobit'sbecauseyoudidn'twantone.AndIdidn'twantone,frankly.(Laughter)Butnowkidswithdegreesareoftenheadinghometocarryonplayingvideogames,becauseyouneedanMAwherethepreviousjobrequiredaBA,andnowyouneedaPhDfortheother.不想。坦率地说，我的确不想（笑声）但是现在获得学位的孩子却常常待业在家打游戏，因为在以前需要文学士学位的工作现在需要一个文科硕士学位It'saprocessofacademicinflation.Anditindicatesthewholestructureofeducationisshiftingbeneathourfeet.Weneedtoradicallyrethinkourviewofintelligence.上重新思考我们的智力观。Weknowthreethingsaboutintelligence.One,it'sdiverse.Wethinkabouttheworldinallthewaysthatweexperienceit.Wethinkvisually,wethinkinsound,wethinkkinesthetically.Wethinkinabstractterms,wethinkinmovement.们在运动中思考。Secondly,intelligenceisdynamic.Ifyoulookattheinteractionsofahumanbrain,asweheardyesterdayfromanumberofpresentations,intelligenceiswonderfullyinteractive.Thebrainisn'tdividedintocompartments.Infact,creativity--whichIdefineastheprocessofhavingoriginalideasthathavevalue--moreoftenthannotcomesaboutthroughtheinteractionofdifferentdisciplinarywaysofseeingthings.其次，智能是变化的。如果你看一个人类大脑的相互作用，正如我们昨天听到了一些介绍，创思想的过程——往往不是来自认识事物的各种纪律性的互动。Thebrainisintentionally--bytheway,there'sashaftofnervesthatjoinsthetwohalvesofthebraincalledthecorpuscallosum.It'sthickerinwomen.FollowingofffromHelenyesterday,Ithinkthisisprobablywhywomenarebetteratmulti-tasking.Becauseyouare,aren'tyou?大脑是有意的——顺便说一下There'saraftofresearch,butIknowitfrommypersonallife.Ifmywifeiscookingamealathome--whichisnotoften,thankfully.(Laughter)Butyouknow,she'sdoing--no,she'sgoodatsomethings--butifshe'scooking,youknow,she'sdealingwithpeopleonthephone,she'stalkingtothekids,she'spaintingtheceiling,she'sdoingopen-heartsurgeryoverhere.（笑你知道，她在接电话，她和孩子们说话，她油漆天花板，她甚至在这里做心脏手术。IfI'mcooking,thedoorisshut,thekidsareout,thephone'sonthehook,ifshecomesinIgetannoyed.Isay,"Terry,please,I'mtryingtofryanegginhere.Givemeabreak."(Laughter)“特里，我正在这里煎鸡蛋。请让我空一会（笑声）Actually,youknowthatoldphilosophicalthing,ifatreefallsinaforestandnobodyhearsit,didithappen?Rememberthatoldchestnut?Isawagreatt-