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Myers’PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter16PsychologicalDisorders
Myers’PSYCHOLOGY
PsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisordera“harmfuldysfunction”inwhichbehaviorisjudgedtobe:atypical--notenoughinitselfdisturbing--varieswithtimeandculturemaladaptive--harmfulunjustifiable--sometimesthere’sagoodreasonPsychologicalDisordersPsycholHistoricalPerspectivePerceivedCausesmovementsofsunormoonlunacy--fullmoonevilspiritsAncientTreatmentsexorcism,cagedlikeanimals,beaten,burned,castrated,mutilated,bloodreplacedwithanimal’sbloodHistoricalPerspectivePerceivePsychologicalDisordersMedicalModelconceptthatdiseaseshavephysicalcausescanbediagnosed,treated,andinmostcases,curedassumesthatthese“mental”illnessescanbediagnosedonthebasisoftheirsymptomsandcuredthroughtherapy,whichmayincludetreatmentinapsychiatrichospitalPsychologicalDisordersMedicalPsychologicalDisordersBio-Psycho-SocialPerspectiveassumesthatbiological,sociocultural,andpsychologicalfactorscombineandinteracttoproducepsychologicaldisordersPsychologicalDisordersBio-PsyPsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisorders--EtiologyDSM-IVAmericanPsychiatricAssociation’sDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(FourthEdition)awidelyusedsystemforclassifyingpsychologicaldisorderspresentlydistributedasDSM-IV-TR(textrevision)PsychologicalDisorders--EtiolPsychologicalDisorders-EtiologyNeuroticDisorder(termseldomusednow)usuallydistressingbutthatallowsonetothinkrationallyandfunctionsociallyPsychoticDisorderpersonlosescontactwithrealityexperiencesirrationalideasanddistortedperceptionsPsychologicalDisorders-EtiolAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisorders
distressing,persistentanxietyormaladaptivebehaviorsthatreduceanxietyGeneralizedAnxietyDisorderpersonistense,apprehensive,andinastateofautonomicnervoussystemarousalAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisorAnxietyDisordersPanicDisordermarkedbyaminutes-longepisodeofintensedreadinwhichapersonexperiencesterrorandaccompanyingchestpain,choking,orotherfrighteningsensationAnxietyDisordersPanicDisordeAnxietyDisordersPhobiapersistent,irrationalfearofaspecificobjectorsituationObsessive-CompulsiveDisorderunwantedrepetitivethoughts(obsessions)and/oractions(compulsions)AnxietyDisordersPhobiaAnxietyDisordersCommonanduncommonfearsAnxietyDisordersCommonandunAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisordersPETScanofbrainofpersonwithObsessive/CompulsivedisorderHighmetabolicactivity(red)infrontallobeareasinvolvedwithdirectingattentionAnxietyDisordersPETScanofbMoodDisordersMoodDisorders
characterizedbyemotionalextremesMajorDepressiveDisorder
amooddisorderinwhichaperson,fornoapparentreason,experiencestwoormoreweeksofdepressedmoods,feelingsofworthlessness,anddiminishedinterestorpleasureinmostactivitiesMoodDisordersMoodDisordersMoodDisordersManicEpisodeamooddisordermarkedbyahyperactive,wildlyoptimisticstateBipolarDisorderamooddisorderinwhichthepersonalternatesbetweenthehopelessnessandlethargyofdepressionandtheoverexcitedstateofmaniaformerlycalledmanic-depressivedisorderMoodDisordersManicEpisodeMoodDisorders-DepressionMoodDisorders-DepressionMoodDisorders-DepressionCanadiandepressionratesMoodDisorders-DepressionCanaMoodDisorders-SuicideMoodDisorders-SuicideMoodDisorders-BipolarPETscansshowthatbrainenergyconsumptionrisesandfallswithemotionalswitchesDepressedstateManicstateDepressedstateMoodDisorders-BipolarPETscanMoodDisorders-DepressionAlteringanyonecomponentofthechemistry-cognition-moodcircuitcanaltertheothersMoodDisorders-DepressionAlterMoodDisorders-DepressionTheviciouscycleofdepressioncanbebrokenatanypointMoodDisorders-DepressionThevDissociativeDisordersDissociativeDisordersconsciousawarenessbecomesseparated(dissociated)frompreviousmemories,thoughts,andfeelingsDissociativeIdentityDisorderraredissociativedisorderinwhichapersonexhibitstwoormoredistinctandalternatingpersonalitiesformerlycalledmultiplepersonalitydisorderDissociativeDisordersDissociaSchizophreniaSchizophrenialiteraltranslation“splitmind”agroupofseveredisorderscharacterizedby:disorganizedanddelusionalthinkingdisturbedperceptionsinappropriateemotionsandactionsSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaDelusionsfalsebeliefs,oftenofpersecutionorgrandeur,thatmayaccompanypsychoticdisordersHallucinationssensoryexperienceswithoutsensorystimulationSchizophreniaDelusionsSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaPersonalityDisordersPersonalityDisordersdisorderscharacterizedbyinflexibleandenduringbehaviorpatternsthatimpairsocialfunctioningusuallywithoutanxiety,depression,ordelusionsPersonalityDisordersPersonaliPersonalityDisordersAntisocialPersonalityDisorderdisorderinwhichtheperson(usuallyman)exhibitsalackofconscienceforwrongdoing,eventowardfriendsandfamilymembersmaybeaggressiveandruthlessoracleverconartistPersonalityDisordersAntisociaMoodDisorders-DepressionBoyswhowerelaterconvictedofacrimeshowedrelativelylowarousalMoodDisorders-DepressionBoysPersonalityDisordersPETscansillustratereducedactivationinamurderer’sfrontalcortexNormalMurdererPersonalityDisordersPETscansPersonalityDisordersPersonalityDisordersRatesofPsychologicalDisordersRatesofPsychologicalDisordeMyers’PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter16PsychologicalDisorders
Myers’PSYCHOLOGY
PsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisordera“harmfuldysfunction”inwhichbehaviorisjudgedtobe:atypical--notenoughinitselfdisturbing--varieswithtimeandculturemaladaptive--harmfulunjustifiable--sometimesthere’sagoodreasonPsychologicalDisordersPsycholHistoricalPerspectivePerceivedCausesmovementsofsunormoonlunacy--fullmoonevilspiritsAncientTreatmentsexorcism,cagedlikeanimals,beaten,burned,castrated,mutilated,bloodreplacedwithanimal’sbloodHistoricalPerspectivePerceivePsychologicalDisordersMedicalModelconceptthatdiseaseshavephysicalcausescanbediagnosed,treated,andinmostcases,curedassumesthatthese“mental”illnessescanbediagnosedonthebasisoftheirsymptomsandcuredthroughtherapy,whichmayincludetreatmentinapsychiatrichospitalPsychologicalDisordersMedicalPsychologicalDisordersBio-Psycho-SocialPerspectiveassumesthatbiological,sociocultural,andpsychologicalfactorscombineandinteracttoproducepsychologicaldisordersPsychologicalDisordersBio-PsyPsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisordersPsychologicalDisorders--EtiologyDSM-IVAmericanPsychiatricAssociation’sDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(FourthEdition)awidelyusedsystemforclassifyingpsychologicaldisorderspresentlydistributedasDSM-IV-TR(textrevision)PsychologicalDisorders--EtiolPsychologicalDisorders-EtiologyNeuroticDisorder(termseldomusednow)usuallydistressingbutthatallowsonetothinkrationallyandfunctionsociallyPsychoticDisorderpersonlosescontactwithrealityexperiencesirrationalideasanddistortedperceptionsPsychologicalDisorders-EtiolAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisorders
distressing,persistentanxietyormaladaptivebehaviorsthatreduceanxietyGeneralizedAnxietyDisorderpersonistense,apprehensive,andinastateofautonomicnervoussystemarousalAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisorAnxietyDisordersPanicDisordermarkedbyaminutes-longepisodeofintensedreadinwhichapersonexperiencesterrorandaccompanyingchestpain,choking,orotherfrighteningsensationAnxietyDisordersPanicDisordeAnxietyDisordersPhobiapersistent,irrationalfearofaspecificobjectorsituationObsessive-CompulsiveDisorderunwantedrepetitivethoughts(obsessions)and/oractions(compulsions)AnxietyDisordersPhobiaAnxietyDisordersCommonanduncommonfearsAnxietyDisordersCommonandunAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisordersAnxietyDisordersPETScanofbrainofpersonwithObsessive/CompulsivedisorderHighmetabolicactivity(red)infrontallobeareasinvolvedwithdirectingattentionAnxietyDisordersPETScanofbMoodDisordersMoodDisorders
characterizedbyemotionalextremesMajorDepressiveDisorder
amooddisorderinwhichaperson,fornoapparentreason,experiencestwoormoreweeksofdepressedmoods,feelingsofworthlessness,anddiminishedinterestorpleasureinmostactivitiesMoodDisordersMoodDisordersMoodDisordersManicEpisodeamooddisordermarkedbyahyperactive,wildlyoptimisticstateBipolarDisorderamooddisorderinwhichthepersonalternatesbetweenthehopelessnessandlethargyofdepressionandtheoverexcitedstateofmaniaformerlycalledmanic-depressivedisorderMoodDisordersManicEpisodeMoodDisorders-DepressionMoodDisorders-DepressionMoodDisorders-DepressionCanadiandepressionratesMoodDisorders-DepressionCanaMoodDisorders-SuicideMoodDisorders-SuicideMoodDisorders-BipolarPETscansshowthatbrainenergyconsumptionrisesandfallswithemotionalswitchesDepressedstateManicstateDepressedstateMoodDisorders-BipolarPETscanMoodDisorders-DepressionAlteringanyonecomponentofthechemistry-cognition-moodcircuitcanaltertheothersMoodDisorders-DepressionAlterMoodDisorders-DepressionTheviciouscycleofdepressioncanbebrokenatanypointMoodDisorders-DepressionThevDissociativeDisordersDissociativeDisordersconsciousawarenessbecomesseparated(dissociated)frompreviousmemories,thoughts,andfeelingsDissociativeIdentityDisorderraredissociativedisorderinwhichapersonexhibitstwoormoredistinctandalternatingpersonalitiesformerlycalledmultiplepersonalitydisorderDissociativeDisordersDissociaSchizophreniaSchizophrenialiteraltranslation“splitmind”agroupofseveredisorderscharacterizedby:disorganizedanddelusionalthinkingdisturbedperceptionsinappropriateemotionsandactionsSchizophreniaSchizophreniaSchizophreniaD
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