硕士英语Unit1~6词汇、完型和翻译

硕士英语第一单元Vocabulary1. Thereisnodoubtthathigherenergycostswillhavea(n)negativeeffectontheeconomA.detrimentalB.adverseC.conservativeD.drastic2. Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajor industrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsandtriggeraneconomiccrisis. A.precipitateB.rectifyC.offendD.alternate3. Everyoneagreesthattheyoungwomanwhospeaks withanIrishaccentisunattractiveandisnomatch forPaul. A.dumpyB.homelyC.slovenlyD.mutable4. Inthispictureisayoungcouplewitharelaxedsmile ontheirfaceshavingfunonthebeachatendofa sunnyday. A.selectiveB.leisureC.carefreeD.orderly5. ThesurveyshowsthatpublishersinBritainaremore reluctanttochangethantheircontinentalcounterpartsinmanyaspects. A.flightyB.negativeC.favorableD.conservative6. Allhislifehehasbeenstrugglingtoescapethelower classofsocietytobecomeamemberoftheupperclass. A.echelonB.oddsC.prospectD.parlor7. Formanypeopleithasnowbecomea(n)extravagancetosleepandwakeupatreasonablehours. A.fortuneB.InsuranceC.luxuryD.standard8. IagreewithJohnStuartMill,whosaidthathappiness issomethingthatcomestoyouwhenpursuingsome otherworthyend. A.catertoB.goalongwithC.adapttoD.getrightdownto9. Itotallydisliketheuseofoffensivetermsinreference towomen,whoarenolesscapablethanmeninany way. A.criticizeB.trimC.eliminateD.resent10. Inspiteofmyrepeatedapologies,sheneverforgavemeformyinterferencewithherprivateaffairs. A.potentialforB.expertiseofC.intrusionintoD.injectionintoCloze OneissuetodayisthenumberofAsianslookingtoremakethemselvestolookmoreCaucasian.It’sachargemanydeny,althoughfewwouldarguethat1)undertherelentlessbombardmentofHollywood,satelliteTV,andMadisonAvenue,2)Asia’saestheticidealhaschangeddrastically.“Beauty,afterall,isevolutionary,”3)saysHarvardpsychologyprofessorNancyEtcoff.Asiansareincreasinglyaskingtheir4)surgeonsforwidereyes,longernosesandfullerbreasts—featuresnot5)typicaloftherace.Toaccommodatesuchdemands,surgeonsinthe6)regionhavehadtoinventuniquetechniques.TheNo.1procedure7)byfarinAsiaisaformofblepharoplasty（眼睑整容术）,inwhich8)acreaseiscreatedabovetheeyebyscalpel（解剖刀）orby9)needleandthread;intheU.S.,blepharoplastyalsoranksnearthe10)top,butinvolvesremovingbagsandfataroundtheeyes.Likewise,11)Westernersusebotox（肉毒菌毒素）todiminishwrinkles—whileinKorea,Japanand12)otherAsianregions,botoxisinjectedintowidecheeksso13)thatthemusclewillatrophy（萎缩）andthecheekswillshrink.Just14)asAsianfacesrequireuniqueprocedures,theirbodiesdemandinnovativeoperations15)toachievetheleggy,skinny,bustyWesternidealthathasbecome16)increasinglyuniversal. Dr.Suh,aplasticsurgeoninSeoul,hasstruggledto17)findthebestwaytofixtheradish-shapedcalves.Liposuction（吸脂）,soeffective18onthelegsofplumpWesterners,doesn’tworkonAsianssince19)muscle,notfat,accountsforthebulk.Earlierattemptstocarve20)tomusclewerepainfulandmadewalkingdifficult.“Finally,Idiscoveredthatbyseveringanervebehindtheknee,themusclewouldatrophy,”saysSuh,“therebyreducingitssizeupto40%.”Suhhasperformedover600oftheoperationssince1996.硕士英语第二章Cloze TheInternethasbeenamajorsourceofleisuresincebeforetheWorldWideWeb.OnemainareaofleisureontheInternetismultiplayergaming.Thisformofleisurecreates1)_communities_,bringingpeopleofallagesand2)originstoenjoythefast-pacedworldofmultiplayergames.Thishasrevolutionizedthewaymanypeople3)interactandspendtheirfreetimeontheInternet. Whileonlinegaminghasbeen4)aroundsincethe1970s,today’sstyleofonlinegamingbeganwithservicessuchasGameSpyandMPlayer,5)whichgamerswouldtypicallysubscribe（订购）to.Non-subscriberswere6)_limitedtocertaintypesofgameplayorcertaingames.WiththereleaseofDiablo（《暗黑破坏神》）byBlizzardEntertainment,gamersweretreatedtoabuilt-inonlinegameservicethatwasfreeof7)_chargeoverB.Recentlywiththe8)_releaseofWorldofWarcraft（WOW,《魔兽世界》）manyusersspendhoursinadaytryingtolevel9)_up_theircharacters. ManyusetheInternettoaccessand10)_downloadmusic,moviesandotherworksfortheirenjoymentandrelaxation.Asdiscussedabove,thereare11)_paid_andunpaidsourcesforallofthese,usingcentralizedservers（服务器）anddistributed（分布式的）,peer-to-peer（点对点的）technologies.Discretion（谨慎）isneededassomeofthesesourcestake12)morecareovertheoriginalartists’rightsandovercopyrightlawsthanothers. ManyusetheWorldWideWebto13)accessnews,weatherandsportsreports,toplanandbookholidaysandtofindoutmoreabouttheirrandomideasand14)casualinterests. Peopleusechat,15)messagingandemailtomakeandstayintouchwithfriends16)worldwide_,sometimesinthesamewayassomepenpalshadpreviously.SocialnetworkingwebsiteslikeFriendsReunitedandmanyothersalsoputandkeeppeoplein17)contactfortheirenjoyment. Cyberslacking（因上网而工作懈怠）hasbecomeaserious18)drainoncorporateresources;the19)_averageUKemployeespends57minutesaday20)surfinghewebatwork,accordingtoastudybyPeninsulaBusinessServices.Translation1)SincetheearlydaysoftheInternetusershavebeenkeepingonlinediariesrecordingtheiropinionsandaddinghyperlinkstowebsitestheyvisit.自从早期英特网以来，网络使用者就一直在写在线日记，记下他们自己的想法，并将所访问网站的超链接加在自己的网页上。2)Theterm‘blog’wascoinedthreeyearslaterbyPeterMerholzwhobroketheword‘weblog’into‘weblog’andthenewword‘blog’startedtofunctionasbothaverbandanoun.“博客”这个术语三年后由彼得·梅霍尔兹创造，他将“网络日记”(weblog)拆成“我们博客”(weblog)，新词“博客”就开始被用作动词和名词了。3)Millionsofbloggersfindinthemaperfectoutletforself-expressionbyaddingregularlynewentries—posts,voicingtheiropinionsandrecommendingotherblogsorwebsites.Theseonlinejournalsdifferfromtraditionaljournals.数百万博客使用者在博客日志上发现，通过定期增加新条目是自我表达的完美途径——即加贴子来表达自己的看法，并推荐其他博客或者网站。4)Conventionaljournalsusuallycomeinchronologicalorder,whereasblogsarepresentedinreversechronologicalorder,withthemostrecententryontop.传统的日记通常是按时间顺序排列的，而博客则是逆时间顺序的，最近的条目出现在最顶端。5)Specialsoftwaretakescareofmostadministrativetasksallowingtheauthortofocusmostlyonthecontentoftheirblog.专门软件负责处理大部分的管理任务，这样就使作者能把精力主要集中在博客的内容上。硕士英语第三章Vocabulary1. Certainlythoseworkingwiththementallyillorthehandicappedortheoldorinhealtheducationwillsupportthelegislation. A.terminalB.prolongedC.senileD.advanced2. ThedecisiontousethebombremainsthemostdisputedquestionoftheSecondWorldWar. A.immoralB.controversialC.distraughtD.unethical3. ThelawexistsineverycivilizedsocietysothatGovernments,therichandthepowerfulcannotwronglyusetheirposition. A.eradicateB.threatenC.legalizeD.abuse4. Thereisaneedforanumberofimmediateshort-termpacifiers,aswellasforaradicalandboldlong-termsolution. A.therapiesB.NuisancesC.PalliativesD.diagnosis5. Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcanwearthecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily. A.dealwithB.seekoutC.takeonD.escapefrom6. Theexpansionofhumancivilizationintospaceisworkablebecauseoftheavailabilityofvastasteroidal andplanetaryresources.A.availableB.feasibleC.supportiveD.voluntary7. Civilservantsshouldbeashelpfulaspossible,andkeepbackinformationonlyintheinterestsofnationalsecurity. A.releaseB.reserveC.safeguardD.withhold8. Theredoseemtobesomereasonsfortheircomplaintsaboutthewaytheyweretreated. A.groundsforB.beliefsaboutC.optionsforD.fearsabout9. Themanclaimshewasheldintheapartmentunwillinglyforalmost10hours. A.againstpossibleabuseB.inthefaceofdeathC.againsthiswillD.inthefashionintended10. Thefurnituredesignersarecreative,buttrytokeepwithintherangesofagivenstyleorperiod. A.parametersB.motivesC.requestsD.standardsCloze Incasesofterminalillness,deatheventuallyoffersthedyingpersonrelieffromallhissuffering.Consequently,thingscanbeevenworsewhenthereis1)_no_terminalillness,forthenthereisnoendinsight.2)_Both_painandsufferingareoftenmuchworsewhentheyare3)_not_accompaniedbyaterminalillness. Peoplewithprogressivedementia(痴呆),for4)_example_,oftensuffermuchmoreiftheyareotherwisequitehealthy.I5)personallyknowseveraloldpeoplewhowouldbedelightedto6)learnthattheyhaveaterminalillness.Theyfeeltheyhave7)livedlongenough--longenoughtohaveoutlivedalltheirloved8)onesandallsenseofapurposeforliving.Forthem,9)_even_dailyexistenceismuchworsebecausethereisnoend10)insight.Discussionsofeuthanasiaandphysician-assistedsuicidecannot,then,be11)_restricted_tothosewithunrelievedpainandterminalillness.Wemust12)_also_considerrequestsmadebythosewhohavenountreatablepain13)_and_noterminalillness.Often,theircaseforreliefiseven14)_more_compelling.Sometimes,arefusalofmedicaltreatmentwillbeenoughto15)_bring_relief.Competentadultswhoaresufferingfromanillnesshaveawell-16)_established_moralandlegalrighttodeclineanyformofmedical17)_treatment_,includinglife-prolongingmedicaltreatment.Familymemberswhomustmakemedical18)_decisions_forincompetentpeoplealsohavetherighttorefuseany19)_form_ofmedicaltreatmentontheirbehalf,solongastheyare20)_acting_inaccordancewiththeknownwishesorbestinterestsoftheirlovedone.Noformofmedicaltreatmentiscompulsory(强制的)whensomeonewouldbebetteroffdead. 硕士英语第四章ClozeThestyleofourlivesisoftenbasedonthetypeofworkwedo.Somejobsallowforflexibleschedules,1)whichmeanwecantakeadvantageofconvenienttimes2)tomeetpersonalorfamilyneeds;ontheother3)hand,flexibleschedulescanbeadisadvantageifwedecidetotakeourworkhome4)withus. Otherjobsareinflexible,evenrequiringustopunchtimeclocks.5)suchworkmeanswecannoteasilytaketime6)offtotendtopersonalorfamilyneeds,leavingonlyeveningsandweekends.Yet,inthosecasesworkcanbeleftbehindatthejobsite.Thetimethatwehave7)forourselvesandfamily,then,isdeterminedbythetypeofjobwehave.Theworkwedonotonlydeterminesthequalityofourlives8)byshapingourtime,ourleisure,ourbuyingpower,ourabilitytotravel;it9)evenshapesouridentities.Whenwemeetsomeoneforthe10)firsttime,wegenerallyask,“Whatdoyoudo?”Themeaning11)behindthequestionisunderstood:“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”Andwhentheansweriswaitress,policeofficer,doctor,writer,salesclerk,or12)whatever,wegenerallycategorizethatpersontofitourstereotypeofthatparticularjobholder. Asoureconomychanges,13)sodoourjobs.Manyofusfindwemustmovefromcommunitytocommunitytokeep14)upwithjobsthatrequireourskillsortofindnewoneswhenlaidoff.Manyofusattendcollegeinpreparationforaparticularlineofworkonlytodiscoverthattherearenopositions15)available,ortorealizethatwhatwe’vepreparedforisnot16)whatwereallywanttodo.Manyofuswhohavebeeninthesamejobforyearssuddenlyfindwemustgobackto17)schooltoretraininordertomeettheadvancementmadeinourfield.Changesinthetraditionalfamilyrolesarealsochangingourworkhabits.Somemenarediscoveringtheywould18)ratherstayhomeandraisetheirchildren19)whiletheirwivesgoofftowork.Manywomenarerealizingtheypreferacareertothetraditionalmotherorhousewife20)role.Suchchangesareredefiningthetermhomemaker.TranslationApopulationthat’sagingandtechnologythathasyettobeconceivedwillshapethejobsceneinthe2000s.正在老龄化的人口和尚待发明的技术将决定21世纪头10年的职场景况。Notonlycanyouexpectanabundanceofjobsrelatedtohealthcare,buttherewillalsobeplentyofpositionsassociatedwithretirementcommunities,leisureactivitiesandotherservicesthatcatertoanolderpopulation.你不仅可以预料到会有大量与保健相关的工作，而且还将有许多与退休人群、休闲活动及其他为老龄人口服务的相关岗位。3)Recruitersarenowlookingatcandidatesfromadiverserangeofmajors,includingthosewithliberalartsdegrees,providedtheyarecomputerliterateandhavegoodcommunicationsskills.招聘人员现在正在关注来自不同专业领域的求职者，包括那些持有文科学位的人，只要他们会使用计算机并拥有娴熟的沟通技巧。“Thenicethingabouttechnologyisthatsocial-sciencesmajors,whoareatthelowendofthepayspectrum,haveseentheirsalariesrisefasterthanengineers,whohavehittheceilingonbachelor’sdegreesalaries,”saysPhilGardneroftheCollegiateEmploymentResearchInstituteatMichiganStateUniversity.密歇根州立大学毕业生就业研究院的菲尔·加德纳说，“关于技术的好处是，那些工资处于低端的社科专业学生，已经看到他们工资提高得比工程师们还要快，而工程师在学士学位中的工资已达到了最高限度。”5)We’llneedtoreplacethelargegroupofsoon-toretireteachershiredtoeducatethebaby-boomers,saysGardner.Andwe’llneedtoaddextrateachersasaresultoffederalandstateinitiativestolowerclasssizes.加德纳说，我们需要有人取代一大批即将退休的教师，当时聘用他们是为了教育婴儿潮那一代人。硕士英语第五章Vocabulary1. JudgeMiddlebrookshasrefusedtoreleaseanemergencyorder,sayinghefeelsMr.Dalackssuithaslittlechancetosucceed. A.offerB.issueC.passD.declare2. Theorganizationprovidesasafeandsecuresanctuarytoabusedandinjureddomestic,exotic, andwildanimals. A.havenB.sectorC.communityD.prospect3. Inthemiddleoftheocean,onhiswayhomeafter unloadingallhiscargo,a(n)experiencedshipcaptain encounteredaviolentstorm. A.committedB.advancedC.seasonedD.unsound4. Derivedfromthediversifiedcharactersofdifferent times,anin-depthsimilarityisfoundwhichplayslikeathreadthroughouthumanhistory. A.paradoxB.transitionC.analogyD.magnitude5. Relyingonthegoodsocialresourcesand governmentresourcesofitspartner,theadvertising agencywillcertainlyhaveawidedevelopmentexpectation. A.dimensionB.prospectC.inspectionD.capacity6. AsaregularvisitortoanimatedcartoonexhibitionsIambecomingincreasinglybemusedbythefrankly bizarredresssenseoftheyouthsthatgatheraround thecitycentre. A.associateB.EngageC.stabilizeD.congregate7. TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunbelievableU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths. A. unconvincingB.unprecedentedC.uncomfortableD.unsustainable8. Thecountry’svaststretchesofbushlandand woodlandsarehometoanastonishingarrayofbushbirdsthatliveinanetworkofwetlandsand coastlines. A.resumeB.scatterC.stayD.inhabit9. Thediseasehasbeenbroughtundercontrolintheseareasandnohumaninfectionshavebeenfoundsofar. A.choleraB.epidemicC.tragedyD.erosion10. Althoughtheinternationalcommunityhasmade variouseffortstofightterrorism,thesecurity situationinIraqcontinuedtoworsen,causing seriouscasualties. A.deteriorateB.polluteC.spurD.undermineClozeinbeposechangetoplacethepartrapidlyatareinternationalworkscientistitcanfuelterrorismorlinewordrealization Globalclimatechangeisperhapsthecostliestimpact.TheUKPrimeMinisterhascalledglobalwarming1)partofacycleofdegradation(退化，恶化),povertyandbitternessthatmakes2)the_worldalesssecureplace.Worldwide,thereisagrowing3)placethatclimatechange,causedprimarilybytheburningoffossil4)fuels,isamoreseriousthreattothe5)_international_communitythanterrorism.Globaleconomiclossesduetonaturaldisasters,whicharein6)_line_witheventsanticipatedtoresultfromglobalwarming,appearto7)_be_doublingwitheachdecade,andannuallossesfromsuchevents8)_are_expectedtoapproach$150billionoverthenext10years. 9)_scientist_haveconcludedthatglobalcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsmustbereduced10)_at_least70percentoverthenextcenturytoavoidcatastrophic(灾难性的)11)_change_.Suchreductionsarenotpossiblewithoutsignificantandrapidimprovements12)_in_energyefficiencyandashifttorenewable(可再生的)energy.Renewableenergy13)_can_generateelectricity,canheatandcoolspace,candomechanical14)_work_suchaswaterpumping,andcanproducefuels—inother15)_words_,everythingthatconventionalenergydoes.Renewableresourcesaregenerallydomestic,16)_pose_nofuelortransporthazards,andarefarlessvulnerable17)_to_terroristattackthanconventionalenergysources.Theycanbeinstalled18)_rapidly_andindispersedapplications—gettingpowerquicklytoareaswhere19)_it_isurgentlyneeded,delayinginvestmentinexpensivenewelectricplants20)_or_powerlines,andreducinginvestmentrisk.Allrenewablesexceptbiomass([尤指用作燃料或提供能量的]生物质)energyavoidfuelcostsandtherisksassociatedwithfuturefuelpricefluctuations(波动).硕士英语第六单元ClozeraiseinbornrationaledivorcedowithresultingpresenteventhanproportionaveragewayteensignificantcomparelivewhilediscouraginglyEncouragingandsupportinghealthymarriagesisacornerstoneoftheUSgovernment’sproposedpoliciesforaddressingthepoverty-relatedwoesofsingle-parenthouseholdsand,importantly,forimprovingthewell-beingoflow-incomechildren.The1)rationaleisreasonablystraightforward:Aboutathirdofallchildren2)bornintheUnitedStateseachyeararebornoutofwedlock(婚姻).Similarly,abouthalfofallfirstmarriagesendin3)divorce,andwhenchildrenareinvolved,manyofthe4)resultingsingle-parenthouseholdsarepoor.Forexample,less5)than10percentofmarriedcoupleswithchildrenarepooras6)comparedwithabout35to40percentofsingle-motherfamilies.Thecombinationofanalarminglyhigh7)proportionofallnewbirthsoccurringoutofwedlockand8)discouraginglyhighdivorcerateamongfamilies9)withchildrenensuresthatthemajorityofAmerica’schildrenwillspenda10)significantamountoftheirchildhoodinsingle-parenthouseholds.Moreover,researchshowsthat11)evenafteronecontrolsfamilybackgrounddifferences,childrenwhogrowup12)livinginanintacthouseholdwithbothbiologicalparents13)presentseemtodobetter,on14)average,onawiderangeofsocialindicatorsthan15)dochildrenwhogrowupinasingle-par