上海牛津版英语高二下册Unit3U3同步讲义教案及阅读事实细节题

/18学员编号:

学员姓名:年级：高二辅导科目： 英语课时数:学科教师：授课类型T词汇牛津高二卜U3C阅读整体理解能力T综合能力提升授课日期及时段教学内容gO!igO!i一、词汇WordsI.KeyWords重点单词personalityn.个性；性格e.g.Hispersonalityleftadeepimpressiononus.他的人品给我们留下了深亥U的印象。Thoughtheyhavedifferentpersonalities,theygetalongwellwitheachother.尽管个性不同，他们却相处得很好。【知识拓展】personal adj.个人的，亲自的e.g.Itishispersonalopinion,notthatoftheentiresociety.那是他的个人意见，而非整个社团的意见。Theymadeapersonalvisittothefamouswriter.他们亲自拜访了那位著名的作家。fascinating adj.迷人的e.g.Hefoundworldtravelfascinating.他发现周游世界是一件非常美妙的事。【知识拓展】fascinatev.迷住，强烈吸引 befascinatedby/with♦•被 迷住e.g.Thechildwasfascinatedwithhisnewtoy.那孩子对他的新玩具着了迷。emotionaladj.(l)情绪的，情感的g.Winninggaveusemotionalsatisfaction.获胜给予我们感情上的满足。(2)易动情的；感情脆弱的g.Sheisanemotionalwoman.她是个易动情的妇人。【知识拓展】emotion n.感情，情感g.Love,hatred,andgriefareemotions.爱，恨和悲都是情感。energeticadj.精力充沛的；积极的e.g.Heisanenergetictennisplayer.他是个精力充沛的网球手。Thoughquiteelderly,heisstillenergetic.尽管年纪很大了，他还是充满活力。【知识拓展】energyn.精力，台皂量e.g.Theyareworkingwithenergy.他们正在干劲十足地工作。Theydevotedalltheirenergiestothejob.他们把自己的全部精力投入这项工作。Nuclearenergyisquitepowerful.核能是非常强大的。【指点迷津】power,strength,forcepower权力；能力；电力；强权e.g.Helosthispowerofspeech.他失去了说话的能力。Theshortageofpowerdimmedthestreets.由于电力不足，街道昏暗。TheworldpowerswillmeetinParisthissummer.今年夏天，世界上的大国将在巴黎聚会。strength力气e.g.Hehasn'tgotenoughstrengthtoremovethatstone.他没有足够的力气搬走那块石头。(3)force力量；暴力；武力；影响力e.g.Therobberusedforcetogetintothehouse.强盗使用暴力强行进入住宅。Thewriterwriteswithforce.这位作家的文章很有说服力。adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；大胆开拓的e.g.Tomwasveryadventurous,alwayswillingtotrynewthings.汤姆富有冒险精神，总是愿意尝试新事物。【知识拓展】adventuren.冒险，冒险经历e.g.Heisamanfullofadventure.他是一个充满冒险精神的人。Theysetoutonadaringspaceadventure.他们着手进行——项大胆的太空探险。firmness n.坚定e.g.Ihaveneverdoubtedthefirmnessofhisbeliefinhisownabilities.我从来不怀疑他对自身能力的坚定信念。【知识拓展】firm adj.坚定的e.g.Heisafirmbelieverintraditionalfamilyvalues.他坚信传统家庭观。ambitious adj.有雄心的g.Beingquiteambitious,thechefworkeddayandnighttomakehisrestaurantasuccess.那位厨师雄心勃勃，为了使他的餐馆一举成功，他夜以继日地工作着。【常用搭配】beambitiousfor/ofsth/todo 对某事有雄心的g.Heisambitiousforsuccess/tosucceed.他彳艮渴望成功。【知识拓展】ambition n.雄心，抱负g.Hersonwasfilledwithambitiontobecomeagreatinventor.她儿子——心想成为伟大的发明家。relaxed adj.放松的；冷静的g.Lyinginthebedandlisteningtomusic,Tomfeltveryrelaxedandhappy.汤姆躺在床上，听着音乐，感觉很轻松愉快。【常用搭配】berelaxedaboutsth对某事放心的g.Myparentsarefairlyrelaxedaboutmestayingoutlate.我在夕卜面待至U彳艮晚父母非常放心。【知识拓展】relax v.放松，缓和g.Sherelaxedhermindbylisteningtomusic.她听听音乐使大月百得至U休息。relaxation n.放松，休息，消遣g.Theremustbenorelaxationinourhighstandards.我们坚持高标准，决不容许有任何放松。Fishingishisfavouriterelaxation.他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼。familiaradj.熟悉的【常用搭配】sthbefamiliartosb某事对于某人来说很熟悉e.g.Thevoiceonthephonewasfamiliartome,butIcouldnotplacewhoitwas.电话里的声音很熟， 但我想不起来是谁。Thispopsongisfamiliartomanypeople.许多人对这首流行歌曲彳艮熟悉。sbbefamiliarwithsth某人熟悉/通晓某事e.g.IamveryfamiliarwiththelifeinQingdao,forIspentmychildhoodthere.我非常熟悉青岛的生活，因为我在那儿度过了童年。rare adj.稀少的，稀罕的e.g.Theseflowersareveryrareinthiscountry.这些花在该国彳艮少见。【知识拓展】rarely adv7R少，难得e.g.Irarelyhavetimetoreadanewspaper.我很少有时间看报纸。injury n.伤害；损伤；损害g.Heescapedfromtheplanewreckwithoutinjury.他在这次飞机事故中没有受伤。Thedriverwasrushedtoanearbyhospitalwithseriousleginjuries.司机由于腿部严重受伤被迅速送到附近一家医院。【知识拓展】injure v.损害，伤害g.Hefellandinjuredhisback.他摔倒了，背部受伤了。injuredadj.受伤的g.Hisshoulderwasinjured.他肩部受伤了。【指点迷津】injury,harm&damage这一组词均有饬害，损害”的意思。(1)injury主要指人的身心受损。g.Overworkdidhimmuchinjury.超负荷劳动给他造成了很大的损害。(2)harm相对injury而言，语气较弱，可用于身体、名誉、权力、事业等损害。g.Badbooksdogreatharmtotheyoungpeopleinvariousways.坏书给年轻人造成多方面的损害。damage较常用于物质上的损害(损坏)。e.g.Anearthquakeoftencausesgreatdamage地震常常造成很大的损害。stimulate v.促进；激发e.g.Thegovernmentwilldoeverythinginitspowertostimulateeconomicgrowth. 政府将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展。Agoodteacheralwaystriestostimulatehisorherstudents'passionforlearning.一位好教师总是想方设法激发学生的学习热情。Exercisestimulatestheflowofblood.锻炼促进血液循环。【知识拓展】stimulationn.刺激，鼓舞e.g.Lazypeopleneedstimulationtomakethemwork.懒人需要激励才能使他们工作。thusadv.因而；从而e.g.Shealwaysfinishesherhomeworkontimeeveryday,thussettingasidesometimeforpianopractice.她总是每天按时完成作业，这样能留出时间练钢琴。【友情提示】thus可以放在句子的前面，后面或中间，表示与前句的因果关系。也可以后面加 doing,表示因果关系。e.g.Hedidn'tworkhard,Thushewasfired.他工作不努力,因此被解雇。Theyhavereducedstaff,thuscuttingcost.他们减少了人手,因止匕肖U减了成本。reliableadj.可靠的；可信赖的e.g.Ifoundthistobeareliablebrandofwashingmachines.我觉得这是——种牌子可靠的洗衣机。Iwonderwhetherthisinformationisreliableornot.我想知道这个信息是否可靠。【知识拓展】relyv. relyon依靠，指望【常用搭配】relyonsb./sth. (forsth./doing/todo...)依靠/指望某人/某物做…，e.g.Irelyonyouforgoodadvice.我仰仗你的好建议。I'mrelyingonthegaragetofixthecarbytomorrow.我指望明天修理厂能修好我的车。symbolizev.象征；代表e.g.Thedovesymbolizespeace.鸽子象征和平。Thepoethassymbolizedhisloverwithaflower.那诗人用花象征他的爱人。【知识拓展】symbol n.象征，标志；记号【常用搭配】symbolofsth.是 的象征e.g.Thewhitebirdisasymboloffreedom.这白色的鸟是自由的象征。Theprivatejetisasymbolofwealth.私人飞机是富有的标志。symbolic adj.象征的，象征性的；作为象征的【常用搭配】besymbolicofsth象征 的e.g.ThecrossissymbolicofChristianity.十字架是基督教的象征。n.KeyExpressions重点词组.remind…of使 想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)e.g.Thoseoldphotosremindmeofmyhappychildhood.那些老照片使我想起了快乐的童年时光。Thechildrenplayingintheparkremindedtheoldmanofhishappychildhood.在公园里玩耍的孩子们让老人想起了他快乐的童年。peaceandquiet安宁；宁静e.g.Afterworkingalldayinthatnoisyshop,alllwantispeaceandquiet.在那吵闹的商店工作了一整天以后，我所需要的只是宁静。Thewritermovedtothecountrytofindsomepeaceandquiet.那位作家搬至U了乡村以求安宁。associate…with…联想；联系；交往e.g.BeerisusuallyassociatedwithGermany,andwhiskyisusuallyassociatedwithScotland.啤酒常使人想起德国，而威士忌通常使人联想到苏格兰。ManypeopleassociateYaoMingwiththeNBA.许多人把姚明和NBA联系在一起。TheChineseoftenassociateredwithhappiness.中国人经常把红色和喜庆联系起来。Hisparentsobjecttohisintimateassociationwiththatgirl.他的父母反对他与那个女孩的亲密交往。thinkof …Os.•.•.：..看作近义词组：regard-as;consider••・as;view••・as;treat-as;lookon-ase.g.BajinisthoughtofasoneofthegreatestwritersinthehistoryoftheChineseliterature.巴金被看作中国文学史上最伟大的作家之一。NearlyeveryonethinksofMrSmithassomeonetobetrusted.几乎所有人都认为史密斯先生是个值得信赖的人。出.KeySentences重难点句子Thosewhopreferbluearecalmandincontrol,andpreferapeacefullife.prefer之后既可接动词不定式，又可接动名词，常用于以下三种结构：①prefer+不定式/动名词②prefer+动名词+to+动名词③prefer+不定式+ratherthan+不定式(无t0)e.g.Don'ttellmehissecret.Iprefernottoknow.别把他的秘密告诉我，我宁愿不知道。WhenItravel,1preferdrivingtotakingaplane.我旅行时，宁愿自己开车而不愿乘飞机。IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.比起看电视，我还是喜欢看书。(2)incontrol在控制之中=undercontrol,beingcontrolledorgovernede.g.Youshouldlearntokeepyourtemperincontrol.你应该学会控制自己的脾气。【知识拓展】outofcontrol失去控制g.Theplanegotoutofcontrolandcrashedintothesea.飞机失控，坠人大海。(2)havecontrolofsth控制g.Theyhavegoodcontrolofhim.他们能够很好地控制他。(3)losecontrolofsth.失去控制g.Youshouldn'thave10stcontrolofyourtemperonsuchanoccasion.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。Greenmeansfirmness,adislikeofchangeandafearoffailure.本句中的dislike是名词。e.g.Shetookanimmediatedisliketohim.她一见面就不喜欢他。【知识拓展】作动词时， dislike后可接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式。e.g.Idislikeselfishpeople.我不喜欢自私的人。Hedislikesworkingintheearlymorning.他讨厌一清早就工作。Eachcolouraffectsusinadifferentway.(l)affectv.影响g.Thechangeinclimatemayaffectyourhealth.气候的变化可能影响你的健康。Weweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath.她去世的噩耗使我们深为伤感。【指点迷津】affect&effect①affect一般作动词用，意为影响，感动”。g.Theentirecountrywasaffectedbydrought.整个国家都受到旱灾的影响。Theplayaffectedustotears.这部戏使我们感动得落泪。②effect常用作名词，有影响，效果，作用”之意。g.Thedecorationsmadequiteaneffect.这些装饰产生了相当好的效果。Ourargumentshadnoeffectonthem.我们的争论对他们没有影响。【友情提示】effect的常见词组搭配有comeintoeffect(实行，实施)，takeeffect(生效，奏效)等。(2)way n.万面g.Thetwobrothersarealikeinmanyways.这两兄弟在许多方面都相似。【常用搭配】alltheway一直；从头到尾 innoway决不 inaway在某种程度上；从某一点上Peoplespulseratesdecreaseandtheyfeelmorerelaxedwhentheysee …【指点迷津】 decrease&reducedecrease可以作名词、及物和不及物动词，意指 在数量、大小、体积等方面逐渐变小”；e.g.Aristotle'sinfluence,allpowerfulintheMiddleAges,greatlydecreasedwiththebeginningoftheRenaissance.亚里士多德的影响在中世纪是极为巨大的，随着文艺复兴的开始而大为减弱了。Decreasethedoseofmedicineasyoufeelbetter.当你觉得病情好转时，请逐渐减少药剂量。Theyear2008sawadecreaseinourbudgetdeficit.2008年我们的预算赤字减少了。reduce可以作及物动词，意指使……减少，减低，降低e.g.Shesetherselfthetaskofreducingtheamountofwastetoaminimum.她给自己规定的任务是把浪费降低到最小程度。Itisonlynaturalthatredshouldmakepeopletense.(l)Itisnaturalthat...意为“ 是很正常的。”【知识拓展】这个句型要注意从句用 shoulddo,这是虚拟语气的一种用法。某些形容语在Itis...that...的句型里需要虚拟， 例如：important,essential,strange,impossible,surprising,regrettable,advisable,desirable,incredible等，should通常可以省略。e.g.ItisimportantthatI(should)speakwithMr.Johnimmediately.我要立刻和约翰先生讲话，这很重要。(2)tense adj.紧张的；引起紧张的e.g.Thesituationsuddenlybecametense.局部突然变得紧张起来。Thedefendantwasextremelytense.被告极为紧张。6.Notonlydoesitstimulatetheappetite,butisalsomakespeoplefeelenergetic,sothataftertheyhaveeatentheywillleavemorequickly,thusmakingspaceformorecustomers.(l)notonly放在句首时需要用部分倒装，但 but(also)后面还是用陈述句语序。需注意的是， also属于引起注意的副词，通常放在需引起注意的部分之前。e.g.Notonlydidtheparentsenjoytheholidaybutalsotheirchildrenhadagoodtime.不仅父母喜欢这次度假，而且他们的孩子也玩得很开心。(2)sothat引导的是一个目的状语从句，从句中一般含有情态动词 can/could、may/might、will/would、should等。e.g.Shedecidedtodoapart-timejobinthesummervacationsothatshecouldearnsomemoneytoaffordherdailyexpensesinthenextterm.她决定在暑假做兼职，这样就能赚些钱来支付下学期的生活费。(3)makespacefor意为为 腾出空间“。makespacefor=makeroomfore.g.Theyoungladymovedasideinordertomakespaceforthefatman.为了腾出空间给那位肥胖的男子坐，年轻女士往旁边移了一下。Thesepersuadepeopletothinkofthebankasasafeandreliableplace.persuadesbtodosth＜为说服某人做某事”e.g.It'sawasteoftimepersuadinghimtogiveupsmoking,forhealwaysturnsadeafeartoothers'advice.说服他戒烟是浪费时间，因为他总是对别人的建议置若罔闻。Yellowmakesusthinkofsunshineandholidays,…此句为make+宾语+不带to的不定式的结构。【知识拓展】)“make/le宾语”之后的不定式不可有t0。但make用作被动语态时，后面不定式里的 to不可省略。g.Moneymakesthemarego.有钱能使鬼推磨。Weweremadetoworkallnight.我们被要求整夜工作。(2)助动词will,would,can,could,shall,should,may,might,must,do,does,did之后所接的不定式不可有to。g.Weshouldbekindtoothers.我们应该善待他人。(3)在hadbetter,wouldrather等结构之后的不定式不用to。g.Iwouldrathernotdrinkanything.我宁愿什么都不喝。Ifyouwanttoloseweight,youhadbettereatlessbread如果你想减轻体重，最好少吃些面包。Colourisapowerfultool.【指点迷津】tool&instrumenttool通常指人们在手工劳动中使用的工具(以节省时间与劳力为目的) ，也可指任何为职业或工作所需的工具或手段。e.g.Hammers,saws,axes,etc.arealltools.锤、锯、斧等者B是工具。Booksareascholar '.书籍ol^者的工具。instrument指使用于科研或艺术活动中的器具，e.g.surgicalinstruments夕卜科器具 musicalinstruments乐器 opticalinstruments光学仪器MorereadingKeyWords重点单词wrapv.包装【常用搭配】wrapsth(up)aroundsth.把 缠绕，包在 外面wrapsth.(up)insth.把 包在…..里卜e.g.Shewrappedascarfaroundherneck.她把一条围巾围在脖子上。IwrappedthebookinbrownpaperbeforeImailedit.我先把书用牛皮纸包好，然后邮寄。circumstancesn.[pl.](复数)环境；状况【常用搭配】in/under...circumstances在 情况下e.g.InnormalcircumstancesIwouldhaveresignedimmediately.在正常情况下，我本会马上辞职的。TheyhavebeenlivinginreducedcircumstancessinceJohnlosthisjob.约翰失业后，他们一直生活拮据。Undernocircumstancesshouldpassengersleavetheundergroundplatformandgetonthetracks.在任何情况下乘客都不能离开地铁站台跳到铁轨上去。offendn.冒犯；得罪e.g.Iwillnotfeeloffendedifyoudonotagreewithme.即使你不同意，我也不会介意的。【知识拓展】offense/offencen.冒犯，得罪e.g.Shemeantnooffensebytheremark.她说刃B句话并无恶意。embarrass v.使窘迫g.Notbeingabletoanswerthequestioncorrectly,thegirlfeltveryembarrassed.由于不能够正确回答这个问题，女孩感觉很尴尬。【常用搭配】beembarrassedby/with...被 弄得窘迫g.Arthurseemedembarrassedbythequestion.亚瑟彳以乎被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。【知识拓展】embarrassment n.窘迫，难堪g.Myfaceturnedredwithembarrassment.我窘得脸者B红了。 誓prosperity n.繁荣e.g.Wewishyouhealth,happiness,andprosperity.我们祝愿你健康、幸福、事业兴旺。Thecountry'scurrentprosperityisduetothepolicyofreformandopeningup.国家现在的繁荣昌盛是改革开放的结果。【知识拓展】prosperousadj.繁荣的e.g.Shanghaiisaprosperouscity.上海是一个繁荣的城市。funeraln.葬礼e.g.Whenishisfuneral?他的葬礼何时举行？Thefuneralwasheldatthefootofthemountain.葬礼在山脚下举行。mourning n.哀悼e.g.EveryonewasinmourningforthepeoplewhodiedintheWenchuanEarthquake.每个人都在为汶川地震中的遇难者哀悼。【知识拓展】mourn v.哀悼e.g.Thetribesmenaremourningthedeathoftheirchief.那部落里的人正在哀悼他们首领的去世。bride n.新娘；即将（或刚刚）结婚的女子e.g.Thebridelookedherbestinherwhiteweddingdress.那位新娘穿上白色的婚纱看上去最美了。virtuen.[formal]高尚的道德；德行e.g.Kindness,honestyandcouragearehisvirtues.善良、诚实和勇敢是他的美德。Heisamanofgreatvirtue.他是一个品德高尚的人。【知识拓展】virtuous adj.有道德的；善良的purityn.纯洁；纯净g.Weadmireditspurityofform.我们崇拜它纯正的形式。Thoughhisactionshadabadeffect,noonedoubtedthepurityofhismotives.尽管他的行为造成了负面影响，却没有人怀疑他的动机是好的。【知识拓展】pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的g.purewater/gold/cotton 纯净水/纯金/纯棉Theairbytheseaispureandhealthy.海边的空气清新又有益健康。purifyv.净化g.Plantshelptopurifytheair.植物能净化空气。smart adj.光鲜的；漂亮的e.g.Theyoungladylookedverysmartinthatredjacket.那位年轻女士穿着红色夹克衫，看上去非常漂亮。【知识拓展】smart adj.聪明的e.g.Whatasmartboy!多么聪明的男孩呀！unpack n.打开（箱、包等）取e.g.Sheunpackedhersuitcaseassoonasshearrivedhometfe——至U家就打开行李箱，取出里面的东西。Whenarrivingatthehotel,thefirstthingshedidwastounpackhersilkdresses.她到达宾馆后的第一件事就是打开箱包取出那几件真丝连衣裙。n.KeyExpressions重点词组dependon取决于【常用搭配】dependonsb./sth(forsth/doing/todo...)依靠/取决于某人/某物(做某事)e.g.Thecountrydependsheavilyonforeignaid.这个国家非常依赖外国资助。Italldependsontheweatherwhetherwewillgototheparktomorrow.我们明天能否去公园玩完全取决于天气。Hedependsontheparentstomakedecisionforhim.他指望他父母帮他做决定。【知识拓展】bedependentonadj.依靠，取决于e.g.It'sveryeasytobecomedependentonsleepingpills.彳艮容易就会对安眠药产生依赖。makeadifference有影响e.g.Itwon'tmakeadifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.无论你今天去或是明天去没有多大区另1J。Howlongyouhavespentinaplacecanmakeabigdifferenceinyourunderstandingofit.在一个地方呆了多长时间对你对它的了解影响很大。stickto坚持做(某事)【常用搭配】sticktosth/doingsth 坚持某事/做某事e.g.Whateverdifficultieshefaced,hestucktohisbeliefs.不管遇到什么困难，他还是坚守信念。Heisamanwhostickstohisfriends.他是个忠于朋友的人。Hestickstogoinghomealone.他坚持要独自回家。mistake...for把 错当成e.g.ThetwosisterslookedsoalikethatIoftenmistookonefortheother.那姐妹俩长得太像了，以至于我经常把她俩混淆。Ihopeyouwon'tmistakemykindnessforhostility.我希望你不会把我的好心当成恶意。出.KeySentences重难点句子Sinceitisthecolourofwinter,thetimewhenplantsshedtheirleavesanddie,itisconsideredtobeacolourofdeathandmourninginsomecountries.(1)since意为既然；由于"，引导一个原因状语从句。e.g.Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelse.既然你无法回答这个问题，我们只能再问别人。Sincethereisnopointincomplainingabouteachother,let'sstartalloveragain.既然相互抱怨毫无意义，我们就重新开始吧。(2)beconsidered(tobe)被认为是 e.g.Heisconsideredagoodleader他被认为是个优秀的领导人。【知识拓展】含有consider的其他常用搭配：considerdoing考虑做某事 considerthat认:为 e.g.Heisconsideringgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.他正考虑出国留学。Translation.人们常把龙同中华民族联系在一起。 (beassociatedwith).经理的表扬总是激励他更加努力工作。 (stimulate)

.他不仅自己写戏剧，还在其中扮演角色。 (notonly…butalso...).我们都知道，林肯是最伟大的美国总统之一。 (regardas).那么多考试终于结束了，我觉得突然轻松了。 (feelrelaxed)Keys:.ThedragonisalwaysassociatedwiththeChinesepeople..Themanager'spraisealwaysstimulateshimtoworkharder..Henotonlywriteshisownplaysbutalsoactsinthem..Asweallknow,LincolnisregardedasoneofthegreatestpresidentsofAmerica.40.Somanyexaminationsfinallyended,andIsuddenlyfeltrelaxed.A贴门JMart触A贴门JMart触3dll加码.心犷抻说攀藕麻IJ阅读理解技巧突破之一一事实细节题概述所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、 现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。 一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案。 常用who,what,when,where,why和how等提问或用与此相类似的词填空。 说明文和叙述文的思考题有相当于部分是此类题)及语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。 )抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct?Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentionedinthepassage?Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept.该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。细节专题一：排序题此类试题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。考生可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。例1：Inthe19thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside.Inthosedays,ladiesworelongbathingdresses,andmenworebathingsuits.Womendidnotwalkaboutonthebeach（沙滩）intheirbathingdresses.Theyhiredabathingmachine.Abathingmachinewasusedforchangingin,andfortakingthebatherdowntothesea.Itcost2pence（便士）tohireamachineandanattendant（侍者）.Whenshehadpaid,thebatherclimbedupthebackstepsandgotintothebathingmachine.Thenshechangedintoherbathingdress.Whenshehadchanged,themachinewaspulleddowntothesea.Thebathingmachinestoppedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater.Ifshedidnotwanttogetintothesea,theattendantpulledherin.（1996NMET）①In19thcenturypeoplewhousedthebathingmachineusuallydidthefollowingthings.Whichistherightorderfordoingthem?a.Changingintobathingclothesb.Gettingoutofthebathingmachinec.Paying2pence d.Gettingintothebathingmachinee.Beingtakendownthebeachf.GettingintothewaterA.e,d,a,b,f,cB.c,d,a,e,b,fC.c,d,e,a,b,fD.d,a,e,b,f,c细节专题二：计算题计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案了。例2：DegreeWeofferawidechoiceofbachelor '堂位egfioreisiternationalstudents,whichincludes:Arts,CommunicationStudies,SocialSciences,etc.BachelorofMusicandBachelorofEducationareonlyforNewZealandcitizens,forfurtherinformation:deg@waikato.ac.nz.TuitionFees（学费）Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tui@waikato.ac.nz.Accommodation（住宿）Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:acc@waikato.ac.nzHealthTheStudentHealthServiceprovidesexcellentmedicalservicesforstudents.TheMedicalCentreisopenfivedaysaweek,includingstudentholidayswithfourdoctor'sandnursestomeetyourmedicalneeds.Forfurtherinformation:heal@waikato.ac.nz.SportsTheCentreisagreatplacetohavesportsactivities.Trainedexerciseteacherscanhelpyouworkoutatrainingplanandkeepyouactive.Thesportshallhasvolleyball,basketballandindoorfootballcourtsandaswimmingpoolaswell.TherearealsoalargenumberofsportsclubsatWaikato.Forfurtherinformation:sport@waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷）②YouhavetopayatleastayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250 B.$8,000 C.$9,000 D.$11,000细节专题三：图形题在有图形试题的阅读理解中，有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图形中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。例3:TheChannelIslandsareagroupofBritish-ownedislandslyingintheEnglishChannel（海峡）,10to30milesofftheFrenchcoast,and70to90milesfromtheEnglishcoast.Therearetenislandswithatotallandareaof75squaremilesandatotalpopulationof123,000.Thethreelargestislands,Jersey,Guernsey,andAlderney,havelongbeenknownforthefinebreeds（品种）ofcattlethatareraisedonthemandnamedafterthem.InearliestknownhistorytheislandswereconsideredpartofNormandy,whichwaspartofFrance,buttherulerofNormandybecamekingofEnglandin1066,andfromthenontheislandswerelookeduponasBritishland.EnglishcontrolwasunbrokenuntilWorldWarII,whentheGermansheldtheislandsforfiveyears.AlthoughpeopleontheislandsspeakbothlanguagesandtheyareconsideredEnglish,theircustomsaremoreFrenchthanEnglish.（2000年北京春季）③WhichofthefollowingmapsgivestherightpositionoftheChannelIslands?Br=Britain Fr=France Ch=ChannelIslands细节专题四：其它类型例4：TristandaCunha,a38-square-mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearestneighbor,St.Helena,and1,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral（葡萄牙海军上将） ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred.Cominginaclosesecond、andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland—isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica.Themountainous64-square-mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury,supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous.OnEasterSunday,1772,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory（智利领土）.Theyshareonstreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday.（2003年全国）ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandofTristandaCunha.A.wasnamedafteritsdiscoverer B.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlersC.wasnamedbytheBritishgovernmentD.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecordsWhichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai?A.TristandaCunha.B.PitcairnIsland..C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto?A.Britain.B.Holland.C.Portugal.D.Chile.例5:Whenshelookedahead.FlorenceChadwicksawnothingbutasolidwalloffog.Herbodywasnumb.Shehadbeenswimmingfornearlysixteenhours.AlreadyshewasthefirstwomantoswimtheEnglishChannelinbothdirections.Nowattheageof34,hergoalwastobecomethefirstwomantoswimfromCatalinatotheCaliforniacoast.OnthatfourthofJulymorning1952,theseawaslikeanicebathandthefogwassodense.Shecouldhardlyseehersupportboats.Sharkscruisedtowardherfigure,onlytobedrivenawaybyrifleshots.Againstthefrigidgripofthesea,shestruggledon,hourafterhour,whilemillionswatchedonnationaltelevision.AlongsideFlorenceinoneoftheboats,hermotherandheretrainerofferedencouragement.Theytoldheritwasnmuchfarther.Butallshecouldseewasfog.Theyurgedhernottoquit.Sheneverhad …untilthen.Witgo,sheaskedtobepulledout.⑦Whatdoes“sheneverhad…"inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Shehadneverbeensodesperate. B.Shehadneverthoughtofgivingitup.C.Shehadneverseensuchthickfog. D.Shehadneverswumacrossthestraitbefore.例6:Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepokeritoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess(过程)issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesfallintotwoclasses;therearewhathecalledgamesof 'pefechinformherentheplayersgamescan'thideanythingorplaytricks;theydon'twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof(imperfectinformation',likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofonctsbetterthananother.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse,business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors(因素),whichwouldeverpuzzlebestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.⑧Animportantfactorinagameofimperfectinformationis.A.rulesB.luck C.time D.ideasStep3:说明文和记叙文的细节题：课后作业徐汇二模(A)Asyougetolder,iffeelsliketimetendstomovefaster.AsDanArielyexplainsoveratTheWallStreetJournal,wetendtofallintofamiliarroutines(25)weageandthatmakestimemovequickly.Wepercievetimeassomethinglikeastackofmemories,sothelessnewexperiencesyouhave,the(26)(likely)youaretofillinthosememorieswithinterestingthings.Timedoesgoby(or,moreacccurately,iffeelsasiftimeisgoingby)morequickly,theolderweget.Inthefirstfewyearsofourlives,anythingwesenseordoisbrandnew,andmanyofourexperiencesareunique,sotheyremainfirmlyinourmemories.Butas(27)yearsgoby,weencounterfewerandfewernewexperiences—bothbecausewe(28)(accomplish)a10tandbecauseweareslavestoourdailyroutines.

Forexample,trytoremember(29)happenedtoyoueverydaylastweek,chancesarethatnothingextraordinaryhappened,soyouwillbehard-pressedtorecallthespecificthingsyoudidonMonday,Tuesday,etc.Whatcanwedoaboutthis?Maybeweneedsomenewappthatwillencourageustotryoutnewexperiences,pointoutthingswe'veneverdone,recommenddisheswe'venevertastedandsuggestplaceswe 'veneverapp(30)makeourlivesmorevaried,encourageustotrynewthings,slowdownthepassageoftimeandincreaseourhappiness.(31)suchanapparrives,trytodoatleastonenewthingeveryweek.It 'snottoodifficulnewthings.(B)Thisafternoon,IspokewithGovernorDanielMalloyandFBIDirectorMueller.IofferedGovernorMalloymycondolences(哀悼)onbehalfofthenation,andmadeitclearhewillhaveeverysingleresourcethatheneeds(33)(investigate)thishorriblecrime,careforthevictimsandtheirfamilies.(34)(endure)toomanyofthesetragediesinthepastfewyears,eachtimeIlearnthenewsIreactnotasaPresident,butasanybodyelsewouldasaparent.Andthatwasespeciallytruetoday.Iknowthere 'Americawhodoesn'tfeelthesameoverwhelminggriefthatIdo.Themajorityofthose(35)diedtodaywerechildren—beautifullittlekidsbetweentheagesof5and10yearsold.Theyhadtheirentirelivesaheadofthem—birthdays,graduations,weddings,kidsoftheirown.Amongthe(36)(fall)werealsoteachers—menandwomenwhodevotedtheirlivesto(37)(h