stepbystep3000第三册unit9答案及原文

/9英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit9waystoTravelPartIWarmingupAThisnewsitemisaboutBoeing's18billionnewordersthisyearforitsnew777jetliner.Thisnewsitemisaboutpossiblemergersbetweenairlines.A2Tapescript:BMonorailMonorailsystemsrelyonaverysimpletechnology:rubber-tiredcarsridingonanarrowconcreteguide-way..Monorailsystemsaresafeandmoreenvironmentallysensitivethananyotherelevatedtransittechnology..Andnoiseandneighborhooddisruptioncausedbymonorailconstructionaredramaticallylowerthanotherformsofmasstransit.MaglevLightRail.Lightrailtransitisanelectricrailwaysystemcharacterizedbyitsabilitytooperatesinglecarsormulti-cartrainsalongsharedorexclusiverights-of-wayatgroundlevel,onaerialstructures,insubways,oroccasionallyinstreets.Itisabletoboardanddischargepassengersatstationplatformsoratstreet,track,orcar-floorlevel,andisnormallypoweredbyoverheadelectricalwires.Themaximumspeedoflightrailtrainsisnormally60milesperhour(100kmperhour).Passengercapacityofeachcarinamultiplecarconsistcanbeuptoasmanyas250passengers(standeesincluded).Tapescript:MonorailMonorailsystemsrelyonaverysimpletechnology:Monorailsystemsaresafebecausethedesignandnatureofmonorailsystemsmakeitverydifficultfortrespasserstoaccesstheguide-wayandpowerrails.MaglevLightRailLightrailtransitisanelectricrailwaysystem,constructedinthe1970sorlater,characterizedbyitsabilitytooperatesinglecarsormulti-cartrainsalongsharedorexclusiverights-of-wayatgroundlevel,onaerialstructures,insubways,oroccasionallyinstreets.Itisabletoboardanddischargepassengersatstationplatformsoratstreet,track,orcar-floorlevel,andisnormallypoweredbyoverheadelectricalwires.Inmostcurrentsettings,lightrailisanythingbut"light"andisbuilttoexactingstandards.Themaximumspeedoflightrailtrainsisnormally60milesperhour(100kmperhour),whileheavyrailtrainsnormallyoperateathigherspeeds.Dependinguponthespecificsystem,thedistancebetweenlightrailstationsisshorterthanwithinheavyrailsystems,whichlendssomemajoradvantagestourbansettings.Lightrailtrainsoperateaseithersingleormultiplecarconsists.Passengercapacityofeachcarinamultiplecarconsistcanbeuptoasmanyas250passengers(standeesincluded).PARTIISowhyisthenumberofUScitiesrunningstreetcarsandotherlightrailsystemsnowupto19?Whyare43othercitiesbuildingordrawingplansforlightraillines?DanTangherliniisactingdicrestorofWanshingtonD.C.Transportation’sDepartment.:Manycitiesarebeginningtore-evaluatethatdecisiontomoveawayfromstreetcars.Welookatcurrentbusridershipmembers,andmanyoftheroutesthathavethehighestbusridershipweresomeofourmostpopularstreetcarroutes.Sotheregoesthenotiongthatthebusesareprovidingincreasedflexibility,atleastonthoseroads.Andsomaybethere’ssomethingbetweentheveryexpensivesubwaysystems,whichcostbetween140and200milliondollarsamileandthebusroute.Andthat’swhatwe’rebeginningtoask.Streetcarlinescostlessthan10milliondollarsamiletobuild.Washingtonisthelatestcitytoannounceitisstudyingthefeasibilityofbringbackstreetcars,eventhoughitalreadyitalreadyenjoysafast-movingregionalsubwaysystemcalled“metro”thatrunsthroughseveralpartsofthecity.AcrosscountryinWashingtonD.C.,BillLindworksforaconservativethinktankcalledtheFreeCongressFoundation.Theorganizationhasprintedseveralstudiessupportinglightrailtransit,includingstreetcars.“Theoldrationaleforgettingridofthestreetcarsisthattheygetinthewayoftheautomobiles.Butwhatwefoundisthattheautomobile,generallywithonepersonpercar,isprobablytheleastefficientwaytousethelimitedamountofspaceyouhaveonurbanstreets.Ifyou ’vegot50peopleonboardastreetcar,youbetterjobofmakinguseofthestreetspaceyouhave. ”EvenifWashington’stransitdepartmentgetsthegreenlighttobringbackstreetcars,it’slikelytobeatleasttenyearsbeforeMr.Lindandhisneighborwillberidingthem.Thecityhastosecurefederalfundingforalargechunkofthework.Citizenswhosaytheypineforthetrolleysmaylosetheirnostalgiawhentheyrealizethecarswillbejanglingpasttheirwindowsorslowingtheirautomobileridesacrosstown.ButacrossAmerica,streetcarsandlightrailtrainsarecuriositiesnolonger.They’reaprestigeitem,tangibleproofthatacityisenvironmentallyfriendly,onthemove,andintouchwiththehumandesire,inthemidstoftodaybustleandspeed,forastreetcar ’ssoothingtouchofserenity.themostpopularstreetcarrouteslessthan10milliondollars(130-190milliondollars)/between140and200milliondollarstheleastefficientwaytousethelimitedamountofspaceonurbanstreetsyou’vegot50peopleonboardastreetcar.federalfundingjanglepastcitizens’windowsslowtheautomobilesridesacityisenvironmentallyfriendlyastreetcar’ssoothingtouchofserenity.B:.AboveandundergroundpublictransitsystemsA.trafficjams/congestion.PublictransportationA.lightrailsystemsB.anewpublictrainIII.B.1.metrosystemsSoutheastAsiainnovativeusofpublictransitbuses.IV.ExcessivegreenhousegasemissionscleantheamountofenergyusedTranscript:Todaytheworld’surbanareasholdmorethan4timesthepopulationinthe1950’s.trafficispillinugpinnearlyeverymajormetropolitanarea.InBangkok,theCapitalofThailand,trafficjamslastforhourswhiletheeconomylosesanestimated6%ofoutput.Manygovernmentsarepromotingaboveandundergroundtransitsystemstofightsuchcongestion.Thesoundsofpublictransitsystemsarespreadingthroughouttheworld.UrbantrainsareappearingeveninthewideexpansesofthewesternUnitedStates,inplaceslikeDallas,aTexascityknownforoilrichesandbigcars.InTexas,wearenotveryusedtroidingatraintotravelaroundthecity.Butactually,DallasandHoustonhavebothstartedlightrailsystems.Itisverypopularin

bothcities.”ThisisBrewsterMcCracken,acitycouncilmemberintheTexascapital,Austin.ItscitizenrecentlyvotedofranewpublictrainsimilarotthoseinDallasandHouston.ThenSustinplanwilluseexistingrailroadtracksalreadyinplacethroughoutthecity.WhatishappeninginTexasreflectsagrowingtrendelsewhereintheUnitedStates,saysWilliamMillar.Hepresiden’tosfthenon-profitAmericanPublicTransportationAssociation. “Inthelastseveralyears,publictransportationinAmericahasundergonearenaissance.”VotersacrosstheUnitedStatesaresupportingpublicplacesisreadytoinvestinpublictransportation.transitsystemsliketheoneinAustin.tisshowstransitsystemsliketheoneinAustin.tisshows“istWhahtathepublicinmanyIn1900,manyUScitieshadextensiveurbanrailsystems.Butwiththearrivaloftheautomobilemostofthemdisappearedbythe1950s.nowmanycitiesarereturningtowiththeyhad100yearsago.Inothercountries,ridingbuses,trainsorsubwaysarepartofeverydaylife.“Many,manycountriessupportpublictransportationtoamuchgreaterdegreethanhappensintheUnitedStates,particularlyinEurope.Inotherplacesintheworldthataredevelopingcities,thereisatremendousgrowthofinvestmentinpublictransit.InChina,forexample,cityaftercitynowisbuildingmetrosystems.ThroughoutSoutheastAsia,certainlythecapitalcities,overthelasttoworthreedecades,havebuiltmajorrailsystems.ThroughoutSouthAmericaweseenotonlyrailsystemsbeingbuilt,butweseesomeofthemostinnovativeuseofpublictransitbusesasanywhereintheworld.”PartIIITapescript:EuroRouteisaschemethatoperatesatmuchlowerrunningcoststhaneachcoast..,er...tenkilometersoutfromthecoastandconnectupwithatwentykilometersubmergedconcretetubetunnelmadeontwoman-madeislandsintheEnglishChannel.Er...the..,roadwaysspiralgentlydowntothelevelofthetunnel,It'sthesameprincipleastheChesapeakeBayBridge-TunnelintheU.S.A.,andit...it'swell-researchedtechnology.Thinkingaheadtothetwenty-firstcentury,er...Ibelievethatpeoplewillprefer,willwanttodriveacross,notqueupwaitingfortrains.Andfinally,therearealsotwoseparatesupplementaryrail-onlytunnels,andtheycantakeupto30high-speedpassengerandfreighttrainsineachdirectionperhour.TheChannelExpresswayisaschemeconsistingoftwotunnelswhichcarrybothroadandtraintraffic.Therailsarelaidflushwiththeroadsurfaceliketramtracksinthefastlanewhichisclosedtotrafficonceeveryhalfhourforthetrainstopassthrough.Er...really,boththepassengertrainsandthefreighttrainsareabletousethetunnel,butthefreighttrainswillmostlyrunduringthenightwhenthere'slessroadtraffic.Therewillbespecialpumpsatregularintervalsalongthetunneltocleantheairandremovetheexhaustfumesfromit.Flexilinkisthecheapestandmostreliableschemeofthemall,really.Ferries,especiallythenewgiantsuper-ferriesaremoreeconomical,saferandalotmoreflexiblethanbuildingatunnel.Andthey'realsofriendliertotheenvironment.Forthemotoristandthelorrydriver,thepleasurableexperienceofstrollingonthedeckwithtimetoenjoyamealandtakearelaxingbreakduringthejourneyismuchmorepleasantthantheclaustrophobicsensationofbeingundergroundforanhour--andtheideaof,youknow,beingtrapped.TimesavedforcarsandroadfreightbybuildingtheChannelTunnelislessthananhour:ColumnAThestockholdersaremostlyinterestedinthebottomline.Thesuccessfulstrategypaidoff.Theyhaveaverydistinctivecorporateculture.Youknowthesaying,"Pridegoethbeforeafall.'Southwestpaysdividendsbystickingtoonestrategy.ColumnBBeingtooproudandsureofyourselfcanleadtodisasterProducedgoodresultsMakingmoney;beingprofitableContinuetoholdtooneplanofactionStyleofworking1--c2--b3--e4--a5--dB.WhatisKelleher'sstyle?HowhasKelleher'sstyleinfluencedSouthwest'simage?WhatisthemainreasonforSouthwest'ssuccess?HowdocsSouthwestoperateasanairline?WhatareSouthwest'sconcernsaboutgrowth?C.1,WhatisKelleher'sbusinessstyle?Personal/informal/crazyWhatisthesoulofSouthwest'sexistence?LowcostWhatincreaseindividendsdidSouthweststockpayin1993?Increased7%WhatisKel