肝病专业英语词汇

肝病专业英语词汇在论坛上搜了一下，没有发现肝病专业的英语词汇，所以做个提议，大家一起整理一下关于肝病专业的英语词汇。估计词汇不会超过 1000，我们以每帖50个词汇为限，整理完毕，争取在 3-6个月的时间，能使我们本版战友可以轻松阅读专业期刊杂志，希望各位高手和斑竹支持。我先抛砖引玉，这是我整理了 1天整理出的中英文对照肝脏基础知识，希望能继续下去。TheLiverTheliveristhelargestglandinthebody(approximately1500grams)andislocatedintherightupperquadrantoftheabdomen.Itisglossyinappearanceanddarkredincolorfromtherichsupplyofbloodflowingthroughit.Approximately25%ofthecardiacoutputflowstotheliver.Itperformsmanyimportantfunctions:(1)theuptake,storage,anddisposalofnutrients(protein,carbohydratesandfat),drugs,toxinsand(2)theproductionofsyntheticproteins(criticalforbloodclotting)andmetabolismofsubstancesproducedbythebody.肝脏肝脏是人体最大的腺体(重约 1500克)，它位于右上腹部。肝脏表面光滑，因血液供应丰富而呈暗红色。大约 25%的心输出量流向肝脏。肝脏有许多重要的功能：(1)营养物(蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪) 、药物和毒素的摄取、储存和代谢。 (2)合成蛋白(危急时的血凝块)的产生和机体物质的代谢。AnatomyoftheLiverheanteriorsurfaceoftheliveristriangularinshape,madeoftwolobes.Therightlobeisthelargerofthetwo,measuring6to7inchesinlength.Theleftlobeis3inchesinlength.Ligamentsconnecttheuppersurfaceofthelivertothediaphragmandtheabdominalwallandtheundersurfacetothestomachandduodenum.Thegallbladderislocatedontheundersurfaceoftherightlobeoftheliver .Neighboringorgansincludethecolon,theintestines,andtherightkidney.肝脏解剖学肝的前面是三角形，由两个叶组成。右叶较大，长 6-7英寸。左叶长 3英寸。肝的上面由韧带连接着膈肌和腹壁，下面连接着胃和十二指肠。胆囊位于肝右叶的下方。它的邻近器官是结肠、小肠和右肾。TheLiverUpCloseWhenviewedunderamicroscope,theliverisseenaslargenetworkofunitscalledhepaticlobules.Thehepaticlobuleisverysmallandlookslikeasix-sidedcylinder.Thelobuleitselfissurroundedbyconnectivetissueandhas5to7clustersofvesselsarounditsedges.Thesevesselsincludeabranchoftheportalvein,abranchofthehepaticartery,andabileduct.Acentralveinrunsthroughthemiddleofthelobeandissurroundedbycordsoflivercellsthatradiateoutinalldirections.Betweenthesecordsarewidethinwalledbloodvesselscalledsinusoids.Alloftheblooddrainsintoahepaticveinwhichthencirculatesthroughoutthebody.肝的微细结构在显微镜下，肝脏是由肝小叶为单位的网状结构。肝小叶非常小，是六棱柱体。小叶的周围是结缔组织，边缘围绕着 5-7串脉管，有门静脉、肝动脉和胆小管。小叶的中央由中央静脉穿过，周围被向四周呈放射状排列的肝细胞索包围。在索之间是扩大了的毛细血管叫血窦。所有的血液都流入肝静脉参与体循环DigestiveFunctionoftheLiverSometimesreferredtoasthegreatchemicalfactoryofthebody,thelivercreates,regulates,andstoresavarietyofsubstancesusedbythegastrointestinalsystem,anditservesanumberofimportantdigestivefunctions.Themaindigestivechemicalsynthesizedbytheliverisbile.Duringameal,bileissecretedbylivercellsandtravelsthroughthehepaticductsystemintothesmallintestinewhereitisusedtobreakdownfatmolecules.Betweenmeals,bileisstoredinthegallbladder.Bilefurtherservesasawastedisposalsystemfortoxinsremovedfromthebloodbytheliver.Theliveralsoplaysamajorroleintheregulationofbloodglucose(bloodsugar).Theliversynthesizes,dissolves,andstoresaminoacids,protein,andfat.ItstoresseveralimportantvitaminslikeB12andVitaminA.Theliveralsodisposesofcellularwasteandbreaksdownharmfulsubstances,likealcohol.肝的消化功能由于机体是一个大的化学工厂，肝脏产生、调节和储存一系列物质用于胃肠道，它有许多重要的消化功能。肝进行消化的化学性物质是胆汁。就餐时，肝细胞分泌的胆汁通过肝管系统进入小肠，消化脂肪微粒。在两餐之间，胆汁被储存在胆囊。胆汁还用于肝从血液排除毒素废物。肝脏在调节血液葡萄糖（血糖）的作用中也起着非常重要的作用。肝脏合成、分解和储存氨基酸、蛋白质和脂肪。它储存一些重要的维生素，如B12和维生素A。肝也代谢细胞废物和分解有害物质，如酒精。很好的建议 ,感谢 xinjidechun战友的有心 ,希望其他战友积极寻找 .我记得<中华肝脏病杂志 >2001,2002的第1期上面有很多肝脏病相关医学词汇TOC\o"1-5"\h\z那位有心人能发过来 .既然做了 ,我们将这件事做做好 ,争取出一本肝胆疾病有关的英汉医学小字典 .现将这次活动的要求和加分规则公布如下 :不重复 ;有英有汉 ;规范;每10个词汇加 1分,但同一ID总分不超过 5分;最后整理成 PDF形式的小册 ,有封面和介绍 .到时希望战友们积极参与 ,单独加分 .2-5分.谢谢班竹支持，我没找到中华肝脏病杂志 >2001,2002的第1期上的，从我自己的资料中找了一部分，希望大家继续肠肝循环enterohepaticcirculation传染性坏死性肝炎infectiousnecrotichepatitis胆汁性肝硬变biliarycirrhosis非肝性的anhepatic非肝原性的anhepatogenic肝板hepaticplate肝胆小肠吻合术hepaticoenterostomy肝胆汁hepaticbile肝动脉arteriahepatica肝豆状核变性hepatolenticulardegeneration肝（血）窦hepaticsinusoid肝毒素hepatotoxin肝固有动脉arteriahepaticapropria肝昏迷comahepaticum肝静脉血栓形成hepaticveinthrombosis肝破裂hepatorrhexis肝切除术hepatectomy肝清蛋白hepatoalbumin肝韧带ligamentahepatis肝细胞性黄疸hepatocellularjaundice肝小叶hepaticlobule肝星形细胞stellatecellofliver肝性脑病hepaticencephalopathy肝再生liverregeneration肝脏肿瘤liverneoplasm肝肿大hepatomegaly坏死性后肝硬变postnecroticcirrhosis门脉性肝硬化Laennec'scirrhosis妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症intrahepaticcholestasisofpregnancyICP妊娠急性脂肪肝acutefattyliverofpregnancy鸭病毒性肝炎duckvirushepatitis中毒性肝炎toxichepatitis肝硬化cirrhosis肝小静脉闭塞病veno-occlusivediseaseoftheliverVOD布加综合征Budd-ChiarisyndromeBCS肝豆状核变性Wilsondisease纤维增生fibrogenesis细胞外基质extracellularmatrixECM纤维连接蛋白fibronectin层连蛋白laminin基质金属蛋白酶matrixmetalloproteinaseMMPs基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物tisseinhibitorofmetalloproteinaseTIMP肝性脑病hepaticencephalopathyHE轻微肝性脑病minimalHE充盈不足学说underfilltheory泛滥学说overflowtheory纤维化淤胆性肝炎fibrosingcholestatichepatitis病毒复制viralreplication转化生长因子transforminggrowthfactorTGF肿瘤坏死因子tomornecrosisfactorNGF血小板衍生因子platelet-derivedgrowthfactorPDGF纤维母细胞myofibroblastMFB肝活检liverbiopsy肝细胞生长因子hepatocytegrowthfactorHGF透明质酸hyaluronicacidHA纤维母细胞生长因子fibroblastgrowthfactor表皮生长因子epitdermalgrowthfactorEGF干扰素interferon白介素interleukin爆发性肝炎fulminanthepatitis动物嗜肝病毒animalhepadnaviruses酒精性肝硬化alcoholiccirrohosis胆汁性肝纤维化biliaryhepaticfibrosis先天性肝纤维化congenitalhepaticfibrosis慢性活动性肝炎chronicactivehepatitis慢性持续性肝炎chronicpersistenthepatitis慢性迁延性肝炎chronicprolongedhepatitisDNA多聚酶DNApolymerase基因突变genemutation基因变异genevariation脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid共价键闭环 DNAcccDNAcovalentlyclosedcircularDNA缺失突变deletionmutation病毒学应答 (virologicalresponse)指血清HBVDNA检测不到 (PCR法)或低于检测下hepaticcarcinomahepaticcarcinoma限，或较基线下降>2log10。血清学应答 (serologicalresponse) 指血清HBeAg转阴或HBeAg血清学转换或 HBsAg转阴或HBsAg血清学转换。生化学应答 (biochemicalresponse)指血清ALT和AST恢复正常。组织学应答 (histologicalresponse)指肝脏组织学炎症坏死或纤维化程度改善达到某一规定值。初始或早期应答 (initialorearlyresponse)治疗12周时的应答。治疗结束时应答 (end-of-treatmentresponse)治疗结束时应答。持久应答 (sustainedresponse) 治疗结束后随访 6个月或12个月以上，疗效维持不变，无复发。维持应答 (maintainedresponse)脂联素adiponectin非酒精性脂肪肝nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis瘦素LEP;leptin胆红素bilirubin丙氨酸氨基转移酶alanineaminotransferase(ALT)肝脓疡LiverAbscess肝细胞凋亡hepatocyteapoptosis肝炎病毒感染hepatitisvirusinfection酒精性肝病alcoholicliverdisease酒精性肝硬化alcoholiccirrhosis肝纤维化hepaticfibrosis血清诊断serumdiagnosis层粘连蛋白lamininIV型胶原TypeIVcollagen透明质酸Hyaluronicacid肝癌肿瘤坏死因子tumornecrosisfactor免疫紊乱immunodeficiency消化性溃疡pepticulcer幽门螺杆菌helicobacterpylori腹腔注射Abdominalcavityinjection干细胞Stemcells肝疾病Liverdiseases隐匿性感染Occultinfection非酒精性non-alcoholic脂肪性肝炎Steatohepatltls脂肪肝Fattyliver门静脉栓塞术Portalveinembolization肝肾综合征Hepatorenalsyndrome腹膜炎Peritonitis腹水Ascites静脉曲张Varicoseveins出血Hemorrhageindicationsandcontraindications适应症和禁忌症obesity,肥胖hyperglycemia,高血糖症hypertriglyceridemia,高甘油三酸酯血症metabolicsyndrome.代谢综合征ultrasonography,hepatictrabeculahepatictrabecula超声 （波）检查法protocol诊断记录 ,记录,实验设计 ,备忘录 ,议定书,草案 ,试验计划书 ,会议记录coagulopathy凝血紊乱 ,凝固阻碍hyponatremia低钠血症 ,血钠过少furosemide呋塞米genotype基因型,遗传型,属模标本 ,属典型种 ,属型hepatolith肝石,肝胆管结石hepatolithiasis肝石病肝功能不全hypohepatia肝硬化hepatocirrhosis肝肿大hepatomegaly肝脾肿大hepatosplenomegaly肝源性的hepatogenic肝样变hepatization肝坏死hepatonecrosis肝破裂hepatorrhexis肝萎缩hepatatrophia肝糖原hepaticglycogen；hepatin肝糖分解glycogenolysis肝糖生成glycogenesis肝索hepaticcord肝小梁肝窦状隙hepaticsinusoid胆总管结石choledocholithiasis黄疸的、黄疸患者icteric黄疸性肝炎icterohepatitis胆汁郁积的cholestatic纳差anorexia高氨血症ammoniemia隐性感染covertinfection亚临床感染subclinicalinfection机会性感染opportunisticinfection人兽共患病zoonosis碎屑样坏死piecemealnecrosis重型肝炎hepatitisgravis淤胆型肝炎cholestatichepatitis同时感染co-infection重叠感染super-infectionK-F环Kayser-Fleischerring肝肾综合症hepato-renalsyndrome伤寒typhoidfever副伤寒paratyphoidfever肥达反应Widal'stest外斐反应Weil-Felixtest肝阿米巴病hepaticamebiasis阿米巴肝脓肿amebicliverabscess伴随免疫concomitantimmunity夏-雷结晶Charcot-LeydencrystalAdiposetissue脂肪组织4-hydroxynonenal4-轻基乙酸adipocytokines脂肪细胞因子Antigen一presentingcells抗原提呈细胞aspartateaminotransferase天冬门氨酸氨基转移酶Biotin-Streptavidin生物素一链霉亲和素系统carnitinepalmitoyltransferaseI肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶Cholesterol,胆固醇cytochromeP4502E1细胞色素 P4502E1CytotoxicTlymphocytes细胞毒性 T细胞fasting.禁食flowcytometry流式细胞术glutamgtranspeptidaser谷氨酞转肽酶hemochromatosis血色素沉着症Hypoadiponectinemia低脂联素血症immunoenzymometric免疫酶测定法InsulinResistance胰岛素抵抗interleukin-8白细胞介素 8lipidperoxidation 脂质过氧化liverparenchyma 肝实质majorhistocompatibilitycomplex主要组织相容性复合体malondialdehyde丙二醛monoclonalantibody单克隆抗体Peripheralbloodmononuclearcells外周血单个核细胞permeabilitytransitionpore通透性转换孔Phytohemagglutinin植物血凝素questionnaire调查表,问卷,调查表reactiveoxygenspecies线粒体反应氧体系transforminggrowthfactor转移生长因子triglyceride甘油三酯tumornecrosisfactor-a肿瘤坏死因子 a保存时间preservationtime保存损伤preservationinjury暴发性肝衰竭fulminanthepaticfailureFHF背驮式肝脏移植piggybacklivertransplantion肝肾联合移植combinedliver-kidneytransplantationCLKT活体肝移植Living-relatedlivertransplantationLRLT减体积肝移植reduced-sizelivertransplantationRLT门静脉内肝细胞移植Intraportalhepacytetransplantation脾内肝细胞移植Intrasplennichepacytetransplantation腹腔内肝细胞移植Intraperitonealhepacytetransplantation尸体肝移植Cadaverlivertransplantation原位肝移植Orthotopiclivertransplantation异位肝移植heterotopiclivertransplantation异种肝移植xenogeneiclivertransplantation辅助性肝移植auxiliarylivertransplantation劈离式肝移植splitlivertransplantation再次肝移植hepaticretransplantation肝肾综合症hepatorenalsyndromeHRS肝肺综合症hepatopulmonarysyndromeHPS静脉 -动脉转流Veno-arterialbypass静脉 -静脉转流Veno-venousbypass囊性纤维化cysticfibrosis终末期肝病end-stageliverdisease旁路胆红素shuntbilirubin旁路高胆红素血症shunthyperbilirubinemia血红素氧化酶hemeoxygenase胆红素UDP葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶bilirubinUDP-glucuronyltransferase，bilirubin-UGT谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（Y蛋白）glutathioneS-transferase脂肪酸结合蛋白 （Z蛋白）fattyacidbindingprotein，FABP3犷羟类固醇脱氢酶（Y‘蛋白）3a-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase胆汁酸依赖性胆汁流bileacid-dependentflow钠离子/牛磺胆酸盐同向转运多肽Na+/taurocholatecotransportingpolypeptide，NTCP有机阴离子运载多肽 /人肝特异载体organicaniontransportingpolypeptide，OATP/humanliverspecifictransporter胆汁酸盐输出泵bilesaltexportpump，BSEP黄疸jaundice；icterus高胆红素血症hyperbilirubinemia葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase，G6PD肝前非溶血性黄疸prehepaticnonhemolyticjaundice家族性进行性肝内胆汁淤滞综合症progressivefamilialintrahepaticcholestasis，PFIC门脉系统性脑病portal-systemicencephalopathy假性神经递质学说falseneurotransmitterhypothesis丫氨基丁酸丫amino-butyricacid ,GABA胆小管bilecapillary铜蓝蛋白ceruloplasmin肝细胞生长因子hepatocytegrowthfactor肝脏相关淋巴细胞liver-associatelymphocytes黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthinedehydrogenase黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthineoxidasesinusoidalendothelialcell(SEC)窦内皮细胞Kupffercell枯否细胞hepaticstellatecells肝星状细胞situcollagenaseperfusion原位胶原蛋白酶灌注hepaticstemcell，HSC肝干细胞hepaticovalcell，HOC肝卵圆细胞extracelluarmatrix，ECM细胞外基质Fibrogenesis纤维增生Fibrolysis纤维分解Fibrosis肝纤维化LamivudineTablets拉米夫定片AdefovirDipivoxilTablets阿德福韦酯片endicavir恩替卡维TelbivudineLdTemtricitabine恩曲他滨Clevudine克拉夫定PEGylatedInterferons聚乙二醇干扰素PEG-IFN-62aPegasys派罗欣注射液PEG-IFN-32b佩乐能Interferon-风干扰素ThymopolypeptidesforInjection胸腺肽foscavirseefoscarnetsodium膦甲酸钠artificialliversupportsystems(ALSS)人工肝支持系统Plasmaexchange，PE血浆置换racorporealbioartificalLiverSupportSystem(EBLSS)体外生物人工肝支持系统molecularadsorbentrecirculatingsystemmars分子吸附再循环系统haemodialysis血液透析endotoxin内毒素prothrombintime，PT凝血酶原时间cholesterol胆固醇aspartateaminotransferase谷草转氨酶alkaliphosphatase碱性磷酸酶alphafetoprotein甲胎蛋白anti-nuclearantibody,ANA抗核抗体auto-immunehepatitis(AIH)自身免疫性肝炎antimitochodrialantibody,AMA抗线粒体抗体primarybiliarTcirrhosis,PBC原发性胆汁性肝硬化portalhypertension门静脉高压症portalhypertensivegastropathy门脉高压性胃病hypersplenism脾机能亢进liverpalm肝掌spidertelangiectasia蜘蛛痣facieshepatica肝病面容hepaticodor肝臭nausea恶心vomit呕吐debilitation乏力singultus呃逆abdominaldistension腹胀oliguresis尿少diuretic利尿剂bloodelectrolytes血电解质kaliopenia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症natremia低钠血症asterixis扑翼样震颤deepcoma深昏迷lightcoma浅昏迷tensionofmuscle肌张力pathologicreflex病理反射bloodammonia血氨Adiposetissue脂肪组织3a-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase3%-羟类固醇脱氢酶(Y'蛋白)4-hydroxynonenal4-轻基乙酸Abdominalcavityinjection腹腔注射abdominaldistension腹胀acutefattyliverofpregnancy妊娠急性脂肪肝AdefovirDipivoxilTablets阿德福韦酯片adipocytokines脂肪细胞因子adiponectin脂联素alanineaminotransferase(ALT)丙氨酸氨基转移酶alcoholiccirrhosis酒精性肝硬化alcoholicliverdisease酒精性肝病alkaliphosphatase碱性磷酸酶alphafetoprotein甲胎蛋白amebicliverabscess阿米巴肝脓肿ammoniemia高氨血症anhepatic非肝性的anhepatogenic非肝原性的animalhepadnaviruses动物嗜肝病毒anorexia纳差Antigen一presentingcells抗原提呈细胞antimitochodrialantibody,AMA抗线粒体抗体anti-nuclearantibody,ANA抗核抗体arteriahepatica肝动脉arteriahepaticapropria肝固有动脉artificialliversupportsystems(ALSS)人工肝支持系统Ascites腹水aspartateaminotransferase天冬门氨酸氨基转移酶asterixis扑翼样震颤auto-immunehepatitis(AIH)自身免疫性肝炎auxiliarylivertransplantation辅助性肝移植bileacid-dependentflow胆汁酸依赖性胆汁流bilecapillary胆小管bilesaltexportpump，BSEP胆汁酸盐输出泵biliarycirrhosis胆汁性肝硬变biliaryhepaticfibrosis胆汁性肝纤维化bilirubin胆红素bilirubinUDP-glucuronyltransferase，bilirubin-UGT胆红素UDP葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶biochemicalresponse生化学应答 指血清ALT和AST恢复正常。Biotin-Streptavidin生物素一链霉亲和素系统bloodammonia血氨bloodelectrolytes血电解质Budd-ChiarisyndromeBCS布加综合征Cadaverlivertransplantation尸体肝移植carnitinepalmitoyltransferaseI肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶ceruloplasmin铜蓝蛋白Charcot-Leydencrystal夏-雷结晶choledocholithiasis胆总管结石cholestatic胆汁郁积的cholestatichepatitis淤胆型肝炎Cholesterol,胆固醇chronicactivehepatitis慢性活动性肝炎chronicpersistenthepatitis 慢性持续性肝炎chronicprolongedhepatitis 慢性迁延性肝炎cirrhosis肝硬化Clevudine克拉夫定coagulopathy凝血紊乱 ,凝固阻碍co-infection同时感染comahepaticum肝昏迷combinedliver-kidneytransplantationCLKT肝肾联合移植concomitantimmunity伴随免疫congenitalhepaticfibrosis先天性肝纤维化covalentlyclosedcircularDNA共价键闭环 DNAcccDNAcovertinfection隐性感染cysticfibrosis囊性纤维化cytochromeP4502E1细胞色素 P4502E1CytotoxicTlymphocytes细胞毒性 T细胞debilitation 乏力deepcoma 深昏迷deletionmutation缺失突变deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸diuretic利尿剂DNApolymeraseDNA多聚酶duckvirushepatitis鸭病毒性肝炎emtricitabine恩曲他滨endicavir恩替卡维end-of-treatmentresponse治疗结束时应答 （）治疗结束时应答。endotoxin内毒素end-stageliverdisease 终末期肝病enterohepaticcirculation 肠肝循环epitdermalgrowthfactorEGF表皮生长因子extracellularmatrixECM 细胞外基质facieshepatica肝病面容falseneurotransmitterhypothesis假性神经递质学说fasting.禁食fattyacidbindingprotein，FABP脂肪酸结合蛋白 （Z蛋白）Fattyliver脂肪肝fibroblastgrowthfactor纤维母细胞生长因子Fibrogenesis纤维增生Fibrolysis纤维分解fibronectin纤维连接蛋白fibrosingcholestatichepatitis纤维化淤胆性肝炎Fibrosis肝纤维化flowcytometry流式细胞术foscavirseefoscarnetsodium膦甲酸钠fulminanthepaticfailureFHF暴发性肝衰竭fulminanthepatitis爆发性肝炎furosemide呋塞米genemutation基因突变genevariation基因变异genotype基因型 ,遗传型 ,属模标本 ,属典型种 ,属型glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase，G6PD葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶glutamgtranspeptidaser谷氨酞转肽酶glutathioneS-transferase 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（Y蛋白）glycogenesis肝糖生成hepatosplenomegalyhepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大glycogenolysis肝糖分解haemodialysis血液透析helicobacterpylori幽门螺杆菌hemeoxygenase血红素氧化酶hemochromatosis血色素沉着症Hemorrhage出血hepatatrophia肝萎缩肝切除术hepaticamebiasis肝阿米巴病hepaticbile肝胆汁hepaticcarcinoma肝癌hepaticcord肝索hepaticencephalopathyHE肝性脑病hepaticfibrosis肝纤维化hepaticglycogen；hepatin肝糖原hepaticlobule 肝小叶hepaticodor 肝臭hepaticovalcell，HOC肝卵圆细胞hepaticplate肝板hepaticretransplantation再次肝移植hepaticsinusoid肝窦状隙hepaticstellatecells肝星状细胞hepaticstemcell，HSC肝干细胞hepatictrabecula肝小梁hepaticveinthrombosis肝静脉血栓形成hepaticoenterostomy肝胆小肠吻合术hepatitisgravis重型肝炎hepatitisvirusinfection肝炎病毒感染hepatization肝样变hepatoalbumin肝清蛋白hepatocellularjaundice肝细胞性黄疸hepatocirrhosis肝硬化hepatocyteapoptosis肝细胞凋亡hepatocytegrowthfactorHGF 肝细胞生长因子hepatogenic肝源性的hepatolenticulardegeneration 肝豆状核变性hepatolith肝石,肝胆管结石hepatolithiasis肝石病hepatomegaly肝肿大hepatonecrosis肝坏死hepatopulmonarysyndromeHPS肝肺综合症hepatorenalsyndromeHRS肝肾综合症hepatorrhexis肝破裂hepatotoxin肝毒素heterotopiclivertransplantation异位肝移植histologicalresponse组织学应答指肝脏组织学炎症坏死或纤维化程度改善达到某一规定值。hyaluronicacidHA透明质酸hyperbilirubinemia高胆红素血症hyperglycemia,高血糖症hyperkalemia高钾血症hypersplenism脾机能亢进hypertriglyceridemia,高甘油三酸酯血症Hypoadiponectinemia低脂联素血症hypohepatia肝功能不全hyponatremia低钠血症 ,血钠过少icteric黄疸的、黄疸患者icterohepatitis黄疸性肝炎immunodeficiency免疫紊乱immunoenzymometric免疫酶测定法indicationsandcontraindications适应症和禁忌症infectiousnecrotichepatitis传染性坏死性肝炎initialorearlyresponse初始或早期应答治疗12周时的应答。InsulinResistance胰岛素抵抗interferon干扰素interleukin-8白细胞介素 8intrahepaticcholestasisofpregnancyICPIntraperitonealhepacytetransplantation妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症腹腔内肝细胞移植IntraportalhepacytetransplantationIntrasplennichepacytetransplantation门静脉内肝细胞移植脾内肝细胞移植jaundice；icterus黄疸kaliopenia低钾血症Kayser-FleischerringK-F环Kupffercell枯否细胞Laennec'scirrhosis门脉性肝硬化laminin层粘连蛋白LamivudineTablets拉米夫定片LEP;leptin瘦素ligamentahepatis肝韧带lightcoma浅昏迷lipidperoxidation脂质过氧化LiverAbscess肝脓疡liverbiopsy肝活检Liverdiseases肝疾病liverneoplasm肝脏肿瘤liverpalm肝掌liverparenchyma 肝实质liverregeneration 肝再生preservationtimepreservationtime保存时间liver-associatelymphocytes肝脏相关淋巴细胞Living-relatedlivertransplantationLRLT活体肝移植maintainedresponse维持应答majorhistocompatibilitycomplex主要组织相容性复合体malondialdehyde丙二醛matrixmetalloproteinaseMMPs基质金属蛋白酶metabolicsyndrome.代谢综合征minimalHE轻微肝性脑病molecularadsorbentrecirculatingsystemmars 分子吸附再循环系统monoclonalantibody单克隆抗体myofibroblastMFB纤维母细胞Na+/taurocholatecotransportingpolypeptide，NTCP钠离子/牛磺胆酸盐同向转运多肽natremia低钠血症nausea恶心nonalcoholicSteatohepatltls非酒精性脂肪性肝炎obesity,肥胖Occultinfection隐匿性感染oliguresis尿少opportunisticinfection机会性感染organicaniontransportingpolypeptide，OATP/humanliverspecifictransporter有机阴离子运载多肽 /人肝特异载体Orthotopiclivertransplantation原位肝移植overflowtheory泛滥学说paratyphoidfever 副伤寒pathologicreflex 病理反射PEG-IFN-62aPegasys 派罗欣注射液PEG-IFN-a2b佩乐能PEGylatedInterferons聚乙二醇干扰素pepticulcer消化性溃疡Peripheralbloodmononuclearcells外周血单个核细胞Peritonitis腹膜炎permeabilitytransitionpore通透性转换孔Phytohemagglutinin植物血凝素piecemealnecrosis碎屑样坏死piggybacklivertransplantion背驮式肝脏移植Plasmaexchange，PE血浆置换platelet-derivedgrowthfactorPDGF血小板衍生因子portalhypertension门静脉高压症portalhypertensivegastropathy门脉高压性胃病Portalveinembolization门静脉栓塞术portal-systemicencephalopathy门脉系统性脑病postnecroticcirrhosis坏死性后肝硬变prehepaticnonhemolyticjaundice肝前非溶血性黄疸preservationinjury保存损伤原发性胆汁性肝硬化primarybiliarTcirrhosis,PBCprogressivefamilialintrahepaticcholestasis，PFIC家族性进行性肝内胆汁淤滞综合症原发性胆汁性肝硬化prothrombintime，PT凝血酶原时间protocol诊断记录 ,记录 ,实验设计 ,备忘录,议定书,草案,试验计划书 ,会议记录 ,questionnaire调查表,问卷,调查表racorporealbioartificalLiverSupportSystem(EBLSS)体外生物人工肝支持系统reactiveoxygenspecies线粒体反应氧体系reduced-sizelivertransplantationRLT减体积肝移植serologicalresponse血清学应答指血清 HBeAg转阴或HBeAg血清学转换或 HBsAg转阴或HBsAg血清学转换。serumdiagnosis血清诊断shuntbilirubin旁路胆红素shunthyperbilirubinemia旁路高胆红素血症singultus呃逆sinusoidalendothelialcell(SEC)窦内皮细胞situcollagenaseperfusion原位胶原蛋白酶灌注spidertelangiectasia蜘蛛痣splitlivertransplantation劈离式肝移植stellatecellofliver肝星形细胞Stemcells干细胞subclinicalinfection亚临床感染super-infection重叠感染sustainedresponse持久应答 ()治疗结束后随访 6个月或12个月以上，疗效维持不变，无复发。TelbivudineLdTtensionofmuscle肌张力ThymopolypeptidesforInjection胸腺肽tisseinhibitorofmetalloproteinaseTIMP基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物tumornecrosisfactorTNF肿瘤坏死因子toxichepatitis中毒性肝炎transforminggrowthfactor转移生长因子transforminggrowthfactorTGF转化生长因子triglyceride甘油三酯tumornecrosisfactor肿瘤坏死因子tumornecrosisfactor-a肿瘤坏死因子 aTypeIVcollagenW型胶原typhoidfever伤寒ultrasonography,超声(波)检查法underfilltheory充盈不足学说Varicoseveins静脉曲张Veno-arterialbypass 静脉 -动脉转流veno-occlusivediseaseoftheliverVOD肝小静脉闭塞病Veno-venousbypass 静脉 -静脉转流viralreplication病毒复制virologicalresponse 病毒学应答 指血清HBVDNA检测不到(PCR法)或低于检测下限，或较基线下降 >2log10vomit呕吐Weil-Felixtest 外斐反应Widal'stest 肥达反应Wilsondisease肝豆状核变性xanthinedehydrogenase 黄喋吟脱氢酶xanthineoxidase 黄喋吟氧化酶xenogeneiclivertransplantation 异种月干移植zoonosis人兽共患病丫amino-butyricacid ,GABA丫氨基丁酸hepatitisA甲型肝炎acuteparenchymatoushepatitis急性实质性肝炎：同massivehepatichepatitisamebichepatitis阿米巴肝炎anicterichepatitis无黄疸型肝炎autoimmunehepatitis自身免疫性肝炎hepatitisB乙型肝炎hepatitisC丙型肝炎cholangiolitichepatitis毛细胆管炎性肝炎cholangitichepatitis胆汁郁积性肝炎cholestatichepatitis胆汁郁积性肝炎chronicactivehepatitis慢性活动性肝炎chronicaggrssivehepatitis慢性活动性肝炎chronicinterstitialhepatitis慢性间质性肝炎chronicpersistinghepatitis慢性迁延性肝炎hepatitisD丁型肝炎deltahepatitisS肝炎：即D型肝炎hepatitisE.E型肝炎entericallytransmittednon-A,non-Bhepatitis(ETNAN肠道传染性非甲非乙肝炎：即E型肝炎hepatitishepatitisepidemichepatitis传染性肝炎 ,同 hepatitisAfamilialhepatitis家族性肝炎，进行性豆状核变性：同 Wilsonsdiseasegiantcellhepatitis巨细胞性肝炎：同 neonatalhepatitishalothanehepatitis氟烷性肝炎：极端罕见的短暂性黄疸及大片肝坏死，与吸入氟烷有关homologousserumhepatitis同种血清肝炎：同 hepatitisBinfectioushepatitis传染性肝炎：同 hepatitisAinfectiousnecrotichepatitisofsheep羊传染性坏死性肝炎，黑病：同 blackdiseaseinoculationhepatitis接种后肝炎：同 hepatitisBlong-incubationhepatitis长潜伏期肝炎，乙型病毒性肝炎：同 hepatitisBlupoidhepatitis类狼疮性肝炎MS-1hepatitis甲型病毒性肝炎：同 hepatitisAMS-2hepatitis乙型病毒性肝炎：同 hepatitisBneonatalhepatitis新生儿肝炎neonatalgiantcellhepatitis新生儿巨细胞性肝炎：同 neonatalhepatitisnon-A,non-Bhepatitis非甲非乙型肝炎plasmacellhepatitis浆细胞性肝炎，同 chronicactivehepatitispost-transfusionhepatitis输血后肝炎serumhepatitis血清肝炎：同 hepatitisBshort-incubationhepatitis短潜伏期肝炎：同 hepatitisAtransfusionhepatitis输血性肝炎：同 hepatitisBviralhepatitis病毒性肝炎：分别见 hepatitisA，hepatitisB，deltag.和non-A，non-Bhepatitis肝炎hepatocellularcarcinomahepatocellularcarcinomaamoebichepatitis阿米巴肝炎chronichepatitis慢性肝炎chronicinterstitialhepatitis慢性间质性肝炎 ,肝硬化epidemichepatitis流行性肝炎 ;传染性肝炎ergasterichepatitis实验室（感染的 ）肝炎nonspecifichepatitis非特异性肝炎serumhepatitis血清性肝炎 ;【免疫】血清肝炎toxichepatitis中毒性肝炎nucleoside/nucleotideanalogues核苷酸类似物RNAinterferenceRNA干扰Peritonealmalignancy腹膜恶性肿瘤Fluidthrill液波震颤oesophagus,食道 ,食管Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography（ERCP）内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术Sclerosingcholangitis硬化性胆管炎Colonoscopy结肠镜检查 [术]Sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查 （术）Congenitaldefects先天性缺陷Gilberts'syndrome吉尔伯特综合征Stercobilinogen粪胆原 ,粪胆素原 ,粪后胆色素原unconjugatedhyperbilirubinaemia非结合高胆红素血症conjugatedhyperbilirubinaemia结合高胆红素血症cysticfibrosis囊性纤维化ascite腹水portalhypertension门静脉高压肝细胞肝癌serumbilirubin血清胆红素childclassificationCHILD分级serumalbumin血清白蛋白polycysticliver多囊肝properhepaticartery肝固有动脉needleliverbiospy针刺肝活检gallstone胆结石sphincterofOddiOddi括约肌ampullaofvaterVater壶腹gallbladder胆囊cholangitis胆囊炎cholangiocarcinoma胆囊癌hepatocyte肝细胞ankleoedema踝部水肿alcholdehydrogenase酒精变性hepatolenticulardegenerationWilson's病TOC\o"1-5"\h\z补充一些免疫学方面的词汇（与肝病有关） ：naturalkillercells自然杀伤细胞， NK细胞dendriticcells树突状细胞， DCBlymphocytesB淋巴细胞TRAILTNF-relatedapoptosisinducingligand肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体，TRAILdeathreceptor 死亡受体， DRdecoyreceptor 诱骗受体， DcRinnateimmunity固有免疫adaptiveimmunity适应性免疫naturalimmunity天然免疫specificimmunity特异性免疫acquiredimmunity获得性免疫immunologicaltolerance免疫耐受vaccine疫苗live-attenuatedvaccine减毒活疫苗artificialactiveimmunity人工主动免疫antigen抗原antigenicdeterminant抗原决定簇epitope表位immunogenicity免疫原性immunoreactivity免疫反应性antibody抗体antitoxin抗毒素artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫humoralimmunity体液免疫cellularimmunity细胞免疫monoclonalantibody,mAb单克隆抗体autoimmunedisease,AID自身免疫病immunedefense免疫防御immunehomeostasis免疫自稳immunesurveillance免疫监视killeractivatingreceptor,KAR杀伤细胞活化受体killerinhibitoryreceptor,KIR杀伤细胞抑制受体immuneresponse 免疫应答extrinsicpathway 外源性通路deathreceptorpathway死亡受体通路intrinsicpathway内源性通路mitochondrialpathway线粒体通路cryptogenic隐源性肝炎choleretic利胆剂UDCAursodeoxycholicacid熊去氧胆酸ADHalcoholdehydrogenase乙醇脱氢酶ALDHaldehydedehydrogenase乙醛脱氢酶CCl4carbontetrachloride四氯化碳HLhepaticlipase肝脂酶PSFperisinosodialfibrosis窦周纤维化PVFperivenularfibrosis中央静脉周围纤维化OX-VLDLoxidizedVLDL氧化型－ VLDLKCCMkupffercell－conditionedmedium库普佛细胞培养上清液phenolethanolamine苯乙醇胺AFLDacutefattyliverofpregnancy妊娠急性脂肪肝focalfattyliver局灶性脂肪肝AHAlcoholicHepatitis酒精性肝炎NAFLDNon-alcoholicFattyLiverdisease非酒精性脂肪肝病NAFLNon-alcoholicFattyLiver非酒精性脂肪肝NASHNon-alcoholicSteatohepatitis非酒精性脂肪性肝炎ALDalcoholicliverdisease酒精性肝病ASHalcoholicSteatohepatitis酒精性脂肪性肝炎FLDfattyliverdesease脂肪性肝病5'-nucleotidase5'-核苷酸酶acuterejection急性排斥acute-on-chronic慢加急adenosinedeaminase,ADA腺苷脱氨酶alcoholwithdrawalsyndrome,AWS戒酒综合征aldosereductase醛糖还原酶aminotransferase转氨酶angiotensinconversionenzymeinhibtor,ACEI血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂anti-liver-kidneymicrosomalantibody抗肝肾微粒体抗体antioncogene抗癌基因antisenseoligonucleotide,ASON反义寡核苷酸antisensestrand反义链 ,反意义链apolipoprotein载脂蛋白apoptosis细胞凋亡apoptoticbody凋亡小体argininevasopressin,AVP精氨酸[血管]升压素arterialketonebodyratio,AKBR动脉血酮体比arteriohepaticdysplasiasyndrome动脉肝脏发育异常综合征 ,Allagille's综合症asterixis扑翼性震颤 ,姿势保持不能atransferrinemia无转铁蛋白血症atrialnatriureticfactor,ANF心房钠尿因子 ,心钠素backwardflowtheory 后向血流学说bacterialliverabscess 细菌性肝脓肿良性术后肝内胆汁淤积benignpostoperationintrahepaticcholestasis良性术后肝内胆汁淤积benignrecurrentintrahepaticcholestasis,BRIC良性复发性肝内胆汁淤积bileacids胆汁酸bilepigment胆色素bilesaltdependentbileflow,BSDF胆盐依赖胆汁流bilesaltindependentbileflow,BSIF非胆盐依赖胆汁流bilesalt胆汁盐,胆盐,胆汁酸盐bile胆汁bilin后胆色素 ,胆素bilinogenenterohepaticcirculation胆素原肠肝循环bilinogen胆素原bilirubin胆红素 （质）biliverdin胆绿素biliverdinreductase胆绿素还原酶biopsygun活检枪biotransformation生物转化brainstemauditoryevokedpotential,BAEP脑干听觉诱发电位cadherin钙粘蛋白capacity-limiteddrugs能力限定性药物capsidprotein衣壳蛋白carbonmonoxide,CO一氧化碳cavernoushemangiomaoftheliver,CHL肝海绵状血管瘤cellfreemolecularcloning无细胞的分子克隆chenodeoxycholic,CDCA鹅脱氧胆酸cholangiocellularcarcinoma胆管细胞癌cholangiohepato-adenoma胆管肝细胞腺瘤cholangitisstage胆管炎期cholesterol7-hydroxylase胆固醇7%-羟化酶cholicacid,CA胆酸cholineacetylase,ChE胆碱乙酰酯酶chondroitin软骨素chromosometranslocation染色体易位chronicasymptomaticHBsAgcarrier,ASC慢性无症状 HBsAg携带者chronicrejection慢性排斥反应cirrhoticstage硬化期cis-actingcontrolsequence顺式作用控制序列clonorchiasissinensis华支睾吸虫病codingregion编码区congenitalliverinjurysyndrome,CLIS先天性肝损害综合症conjugatedbileacid结合胆汁酸conjugationreaction 结合反应consensusIFN,CIFN 复合干扰素continuousreactiontime,CRT连续反应时间covalentlyclosedcircularDNA,cccDNA共价闭合环状 DNACTcholangiography,CTCCT胆管造影cyst囊,孢囊 ,胞囊 ,囊肿 ,包囊cytochrome细胞色素degree程度分度deoxycholicacid,DCA脱氧胆酸dermatan皮肤素detoxication解毒作用directbilirubin直接胆红素 ,结合胆红素directcholangiography,DC 直接胆管造影 （术）disappearingintrahepaticbileductsyndrome肝内胆管消失综合症DNAdemethylationDNA脱甲基化doublefiltrationplasmapheresis,DFPP双重过滤血浆分离置换druginducedliverdisease药物性肝病ductularproliferationstage小胆管增生期echinococcosisalveolaris泡球蚴病echinococcosisgranulosus细粒棘球蚴病echinococcosis棘球蚴病 ,包虫病echinococcusmultilocularis多房棘球绦虫elevatedliverenzyme肝酶升高emperipolesis伸入运动endoftreatmentresponse,ETR治疗终点反应endoftreatmentvirusresponse,ETVR终末病毒应答endogenousribonuclease核糖核酸内切酶endoscopicesophagealvarixligation,EVL内镜下食道静脉曲张套扎术endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography,ERCP内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术endoscopicvaricealsclerosis,EVS静脉曲张经内窥镜硬化剂 （疗法）entactin内功素entamoebadispar共栖型阿米巴entamoebahistolytica溶组织内阿米巴enterovirus肠道病毒evokedpotential,EP 诱发电位extractionefficiency 萃取效率 ,肝廓清除率fa