台湾清华大学脑与心智第一讲(焦传金教授)课件

当代认知神经科学：脑与心智

Contemporary

Cognitive

Neuroscience:

Brain

and

Mind

(,

LS114300,

Fall

2012)Instructor:

Contact

info:

646,

03-5742464,

Classroom:

生科二馆华生厅Class

time:

T78Course

materials:

数位学习网站Course

TA:

,

Reference:

Cognitive

Neuroscience:

The

Biology

of

the

Mind

(ThirdEdition)

by

Michael

S.

Gazzaniga,

Richard

B.

Ivry,

and

George

R.Mangun

(2008,

W.

W.

Norton

&

Company)Grading

policy:

期中&期末报告各占35%，随堂心得报告占30%（从16次中选最佳13次计算）2012/9/181WeekTopicNote1脑与心智简介2感觉&知觉I3感觉&知觉II4感觉&知觉III5学习&记忆6睡眠&梦7报偿&成瘾8沟通&语言9[影片欣赏&讨论]缴交期中报告10理性&感性11选择&决策12同理心13智力&创造力14发育&可塑性15老化&疾病16脑科学&科技&社会17意识&自由意志18[影片欣赏&讨论]缴交期末报告2012/9/1822012/9/183BBC

brain

story

All

in

the

mind2012/9/185认知神经科学（Cognitive

Neuroscience）是一门科学学门，旨在探讨认知历程的生物学基础。主要的目标为阐明心理历程的神经机制，也就是大脑的运作如何造就心理或认知功能。认知神经科学为心理学(psychology)和神经科学(neuroscience)的分支，并且横跨众多领域，如生理心理学(physiological

psychology)、神经生物学(neurobiology)、认知心理学(cognitive

psychology)和神经心理学(neuropsychology)。由于其跨领域的特性，认知神经科学家的背景除了上述提到的学科之外，还有来自精神病学(psychiatry)、神经学(neurology)、物理学(physics)、语言学(linguistics)、哲学(philosophy)和数学(mathematics)等学门。认知神经科学采用的研究方法，包括来自心理物理学(psychophysics)、认知心理学、功能性神经造影(functional

neuroimaging)、电生理学(electrophysiology)、认知基因体学(cognitive

genomics)和行为遗传学(behavioral

genetics)的实验方式。另外一部分重要的研究方向来自于脑伤病人的研究。脑部损伤所造成的认知功能受损，提供认知神经科学许多重要的证据。而理论的发展则来自计算神经科学(computational

neuroscience)和认知心理学。

(adapted

from

维基百科)The

magic

of

the

mind2012/9/1862012/9/18

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7Cognitive

psychology

is

all

about

how

we

manipulate

representations

Letter-matching

task

(a)

In

this

version

of

the

task,

the

subject

responds

“same”

when

both

letters

are

either

vowels

or

consonants,

and

“different”

when

they

are

from

different

categories.

(b)

The

reaction

time

vary

for

different

conditions.

Multiple

representations

of

stimuli

1.

Physical

representation

2.

Phonetic

representation

3.

Category

representation2012/9/188Memory

comparison

task

(the

subject

mustengage

in

4

primary

mental

operations)1.

Encode:

The

subject

must

identify

the

visible

target.2.

Compare:

The

subject

must

compare

the

mental

representation

of

the

target

with

the

representation

of

the

items

in

memory.3.

Decide:

The

subject

must

decide

whether

the

target

matches

one

of

the

memorized

items.4.

Respond:

The

subject

must

respond

appropriately

for

the

decision

made

in

Step

3.The

target

letter

must

be

compared

with

thememory

set

sequentially

rather

than

in

parallel.Exhaustive

search

vs.

self-terminating

search2012/9/1810

The

Stroop

taskThe

Stroop

effect

demonstrates

themultiplicity

of

mental

representations.1.

The

color

of

each

stimulus2.

The

color

concept

associated

with

the

wordsThe

interference

from

the

words

ismarkedly

reduced

if

the

response

requires

akey

press

rather

than

a

vocal

response.Dual

tasks

can

be

used

to

examineconstraints

on

information

processing.“Judge

the

word

of

an

auditory

stimulus”but

not

“Judge

the

pitch

of

an

auditory

tone”interferes

with

the

Stroop

task.Practice

can

help!2012/9/18122012/9/1814blood

oxygenation

level

dependent2012/9/18152012/9/18162012/9/18172012/9/1818脑细胞&神经网络2012/9/18202012/9/1821

The

human

brain

contains

about

100

billion

neurons,

organizedinto

circuits

more

complex

than

the

most

powerful

supercomputers2012/9/18232012/9/18242012/9/18262012/9/18272012/9/18282012/9/18302012/9/18312012/9/18322012/9/18332012/9/18342012/9/18352012/9/18362012/9/18372012/9/18382012/9/1839好书分享2012/9/1840《大脑当家：灵活用脑12守则，学习工作更上层楼》(Brain

Rules)作者：John

Medina译者：洪兰出版社：远流出版日期：2009年01月09日大脑守则1：运动增强脑力大脑守则2：大脑也是演化的产物大脑守则3：每一个大脑的配线都不相同大脑守则4：人们不会去注意无聊的东西大脑守则5：重复才记得大脑守则6：记得去重复大脑守则7：睡得好，记得清楚大脑守则8：承受压力的大脑不能如常的学习大脑守则9：刺激多重感官，反应更迅速大脑守则10：视觉凌驾所有感官大脑守则11：男性和女性的脑是不一样的大脑守则12：我们是不屈不挠的天生探索者2012/9/1841大脑开窍手册

Welcome

to

Your

Brain：Why

You

Lose

Your

Car

Keys

butNever

Forget

How

to

Drive

and

Other

Puzzles

of

Everyday

Life作