商业伦理学课件Lecture-11

BusinessEthicsLecture11:CompanycultureNov.18,2014BusinessEthicsLecture11:Com1OverviewIntroductiontocompanycultureDefinitionandcharacteristicsCorevalueandbusinessperformanceHowtobuildastrongcompanycultureWhistleblowing(告密)Case:Wal-MartfiringitswhistleblowersEmployee'sview:Toblowthewhistleornot?Employer'sview:Doesthecompanyneedwhistleblowers?OverviewIntroductiontocompan2WhatiscompanycultureSharedvalues,beliefs,andexpectationsinacompany.Writtenorunwritten,e.g.,CodeofConductvs.customsandnormsExtrinsic(外在的)orintrinsic(内在的),e.g.Dressingcode:formal->professional&client-orientedculture,casual->relaxed&autonomousenvironmentWorkinghours:9-to-5->discipline&obedience,flexible->emphasisonfamily&toleranceOrganizationalstructure,problem-solvingprocess,promotionpolicies,modeofcommunication,etc.Statedvs.perceived,e.g.,company'ssloganvs.actualpracticesandfeelingswithinthecompany.WhatiscompanycultureShared3商业伦理学课件Lecture-114TheculturalicebergTheculturaliceberg5WhyiscompanycultureimportantCompanyculture:Shapeseachemployee'spersonality.Influencesemployees'choiceinfaceofethicaldilemma.determinesthecompany'sperformanceevenexistenceinthelongterm.Whyiscompanycultureimporta6BuilttolastJamesCollinsandJerryPorras(2004).BuilttoLast:SuccessfulHabitsofVisionaryCompanies.(中文译名：《基业长青》)Comparingsomelong-lastingleadingcompanieswiththeircompetitors,e.g.,Procter&Gamblevs.Colgate,theDisneysvs.Columbiapictures,Fordvs.GM,etc.Finding:Allleadershaveastrongcompanycultureandaclearcorevalue(核心价值观).BuilttolastJamesCollinsand7Corevalue:soulofthecompany"Themostimportantandlong-lastingprinciples",which"helpthecompanyavoidtakingshort-sightedactionsduetothepressureoffinancialindicators."Differenttypesofcorevalues:commitmenttocustomers,employees,products,innovationorriskmanagement.Stronglylinkedtothecompany'sobjectivesandwidelyrecognizedbyitsemployees.Corevalue:soulofthecompan8HowtobuildastrongcompanycultureLeadershipDefininganddeclaringthecompany'sobjectivesbypublishingcodeofconduct,missionstatement,credo,etc.Emphasizingethicsratherthanprofits.LeadingbyexampleIntegration(整合)Motivation:settingupstandardsforrewarding/punishingethical/unethicalbehaviorCommunication:training,settingupchannelsforwhistleblowing(告密)Howtobuildastrongcompany9商业伦理学课件Lecture-1110DiscussionDoyouagreewithWal-Mart'sdecisiontofirethewhistleblowers?IfyouweretheemployeeofWal-Mart,wouldyouchoosetobeawhistleblower,andwhy?DiscussionDoyouagreewithWa11Employees'dilemmaEmployees'dilemma12IncentivesforwhistleblowingPublicinterest,e.g.,SnowdenCompany'sinterestSelf-interest,e.g.,eliminatingacompetitorforpromotion,gettingfinancialreward,etc.Dodd-FrankAct(2010):whistleblowersget5-8%oftheamountinvolvedinfinancialfraudsasrewardEnlightenedself-interest.Enron'svicepresidentSherronWatkinswrotetothepresidentKenLaywhensheresignedtwomonthbeforeEnron'sfall:"Iamincrediblynervousthatwewillimplodeinawaveofaccountingscandals...My8yearsofEnronworkhistorywillbeworthnothingonmyresume,thebusinessworldwillconsiderthepastsuccessesasnothingbutanelaborateaccountinghoax."IncentivesforwhistleblowingP13Internalvs.externalwhistleblowingInternalwhistleblowing(内部告密):reportingtheimproperbehaviorofcolleaguetosuperior,ofimmediatesuperiortohigher-upsuperiorAdvantage:minimizingtheimpactonthecompany,allowingforprecautionincaseofuncertaintyorlackofevidenceDisadvantage:gettingunnoticedevensilencedExternalwhistleblowing(外部告密):reportingthemisdeedhappenedinsidethecompanytomediaorauthoritiesAdvantage:publicityDisadvantage:largeimpactonthecompany,departurefromthecompany,uncertaintyorlackofevidenceInternalvs.externalwhistleb14Employer'sdilemmaShouldthecompanyencourageinternalwhistleblowing?Pros:helpthecompanyavoidgreaterlossesCons:distrust,lackofmorale,rumorsIfyes,howshouldthecompanytreatwhistleblowers?Employer'sdilemmaShouldthec15WhistleblowerintheGSKbriberycaseTheheadquarterofGSKreceivedapackagerevealingthatitsChinadivisionwasdeeplyinvolvedinbribery.TheheadquarterreturnedthepackagetotheheadoftheChinadivision.Thelatter,whowasaccusedofacceptingsexualbriberyfromsuppliers,hiredaprivatedetectivetoinvestigateonasuspectedwhistleblower,Mrs.Shi,whowasfiredlater.ThesamepackagewassenttoChinesegovernment,whorespondedbyarrestingthedetectiveandlaunchingafull-scaleinvestigationonGSK'sbriberycharges.WhistleblowerintheGSKbribe16DefiningapolicyoninternalwhistleblowingRightorduty?Ifyoubecomeawarethatanotheremployeehasbrokentheethicalcodeyoumust/mayreportit.Therighttoanonymity:Whenreportingsuchbreachesyoumust/don'thavetogiveyourname.Themanagementmust/doesn'thavetotreatanyaccusationsinconfidence.Theaccusedshould/shouldn'tknowtheidentityofhisorheraccuser.Dealingwithuncertainty:Ifyouonlysuspectunethicalpractice,butcannotproveit,youmust/should/shouldn'treportit.Rewardsforwhistleblowers:Thewhistleblowershould/may/mustn'tbenefitpersonallyfromhisorheractionbywayofpromotionorotherpersonalgain.Definingapolicyoninternal17Public'sopinion:protectingwhistleblowersPublic-interestedwhistleblowers:tragicheroesMinimizingpersonalcostsofpublicdisclosureandrewardingwhistleblowersLegislation:Japan(2007),GB(1998),NZ(2000),US(Sarbanes-OxleyActin2002andDodd-FrankActin2010)Public'sopinion:protectingw18BusinessEthicsLecture11:CompanycultureNov.18,2014BusinessEthicsLecture11:Com19OverviewIntroductiontocompanycultureDefinitionandcharacteristicsCorevalueandbusinessperformanceHowtobuildastrongcompanycultureWhistleblowing(告密)Case:Wal-MartfiringitswhistleblowersEmployee'sview:Toblowthewhistleornot?Employer'sview:Doesthecompanyneedwhistleblowers?OverviewIntroductiontocompan20WhatiscompanycultureSharedvalues,beliefs,andexpectationsinacompany.Writtenorunwritten,e.g.,CodeofConductvs.customsandnormsExtrinsic(外在的)orintrinsic(内在的),e.g.Dressingcode:formal->professional&client-orientedculture,casual->relaxed&autonomousenvironmentWorkinghours:9-to-5->discipline&obedience,flexible->emphasisonfamily&toleranceOrganizationalstructure,problem-solvingprocess,promotionpolicies,modeofcommunication,etc.Statedvs.perceived,e.g.,company'ssloganvs.actualpracticesandfeelingswithinthecompany.WhatiscompanycultureShared21商业伦理学课件Lecture-1122TheculturalicebergTheculturaliceberg23WhyiscompanycultureimportantCompanyculture:Shapeseachemployee'spersonality.Influencesemployees'choiceinfaceofethicaldilemma.determinesthecompany'sperformanceevenexistenceinthelongterm.Whyiscompanycultureimporta24BuilttolastJamesCollinsandJerryPorras(2004).BuilttoLast:SuccessfulHabitsofVisionaryCompanies.(中文译名：《基业长青》)Comparingsomelong-lastingleadingcompanieswiththeircompetitors,e.g.,Procter&Gamblevs.Colgate,theDisneysvs.Columbiapictures,Fordvs.GM,etc.Finding:Allleadershaveastrongcompanycultureandaclearcorevalue(核心价值观).BuilttolastJamesCollinsand25Corevalue:soulofthecompany"Themostimportantandlong-lastingprinciples",which"helpthecompanyavoidtakingshort-sightedactionsduetothepressureoffinancialindicators."Differenttypesofcorevalues:commitmenttocustomers,employees,products,innovationorriskmanagement.Stronglylinkedtothecompany'sobjectivesandwidelyrecognizedbyitsemployees.Corevalue:soulofthecompan26HowtobuildastrongcompanycultureLeadershipDefininganddeclaringthecompany'sobjectivesbypublishingcodeofconduct,missionstatement,credo,etc.Emphasizingethicsratherthanprofits.LeadingbyexampleIntegration(整合)Motivation:settingupstandardsforrewarding/punishingethical/unethicalbehaviorCommunication:training,settingupchannelsforwhistleblowing(告密)Howtobuildastrongcompany27商业伦理学课件Lecture-1128DiscussionDoyouagreewithWal-Mart'sdecisiontofirethewhistleblowers?IfyouweretheemployeeofWal-Mart,wouldyouchoosetobeawhistleblower,andwhy?DiscussionDoyouagreewithWa29Employees'dilemmaEmployees'dilemma30IncentivesforwhistleblowingPublicinterest,e.g.,SnowdenCompany'sinterestSelf-interest,e.g.,eliminatingacompetitorforpromotion,gettingfinancialreward,etc.Dodd-FrankAct(2010):whistleblowersget5-8%oftheamountinvolvedinfinancialfraudsasrewardEnlightenedself-interest.Enron'svicepresidentSherronWatkinswrotetothepresidentKenLaywhensheresignedtwomonthbeforeEnron'sfall:"Iamincrediblynervousthatwewillimplodeinawaveofaccountingscandals...My8yearsofEnronworkhistorywillbeworthnothingonmyresume,thebusinessworldwillconsiderthepastsuccessesasnothingbutanelaborateaccountinghoax."IncentivesforwhistleblowingP31Internalvs.externalwhistleblowingInternalwhistleblowing(内部告密):reportingtheimproperbehaviorofcolleaguetosuperior,ofimmediatesuperiortohigher-upsuperiorAdvantage:minimizingtheimpactonthecompany,allowingforprecautionincaseofuncertaintyorlackofevidenceDisadvantage:gettingunnoticedevensilencedExternalwhistleblowing(外部告密):reportingthemisdeedhappenedinsidethecompanytomediaorauthoritiesAdvantage:publicityDisadvantage:largeimpactonthecompany,departurefromthecompany,uncertaintyorlackofevidenceInternalvs.externalwhistleb32Employer'sdilemmaShouldthecompanyencourageinternalwhistleblowing?Pros:helpthecompanyavoidgreaterlossesCons:distrust,lackofmorale,rumorsIfyes,howshouldthecompanytreatwhistleblowers?Employer'sdilemmaShouldthec33WhistleblowerintheGSKbriberycaseTheheadquarterofGSKreceivedapackagerevealingthatitsChinadivisionwasdeeplyinvolvedinbribery.TheheadquarterreturnedthepackagetotheheadoftheChinadivision.Thelatter,whowasaccusedofacceptingsexualbriberyfromsuppliers,hiredaprivatedetectivetoinvestigateonasuspectedwhistleblower,Mrs.Shi,whowasfiredlater.Th