初三英语语法大全

九年级英语复习---语法讲解（1-7单元）Unit1By（有时也用作副词1.意为“在……旁”“靠近”Somearesinginganddancingunderabigtree.Somearedrawingbythelake.2.意为“不迟于”“到……时为止”Yoursonwillbeallrightbysuppertime.你HowmanyEnglishsongshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？3.可译作“靠”“用”“凭借”“通过”“乘坐”Themonkeywashangingfromthetreebyhistailandlaughing.猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。Theboy’sfatherwassothankfulthathetaughtEdisonhowtosendmessagesbyrailwaytelegraph.孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。4.表示“逐个”“逐批”Onebyonetheywentpastthetableinthedark.5.“根据”“按照”timeisitbyyourwatch?你的表几点了?和take,hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如：Itookhimbythehand.我拉住了它的手。7.用于被动“被”“由”Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（即“”）8.组成其它短语。1)bytheway:意为“顺便说”“顺便问一下”Bythewaywhere’sLiPingknow?顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？2)byoneself:意为“单独”、“自行”。如：Ican’tleaveherbyherself.我不能把她单独留下。3)byandby:意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如：Butbyandby,moreandmorepeoplebegantostudyEnglish.但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）★作主语（这种用法常考）FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？3）Babysister’sjobiswashing，cookingandtakingcareofthechildren。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。Unit2usedto形。否定句是didn’tuseto….WhenIwasachild,Ididn’tusetolikeapples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.疑问形式是Didyouuseto…?Wheredidyouusetolivebeforeyoucamehere?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？usedtousedn’t+didn’t＋Heusedtosmoke,didn’the?他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t./不，他不吸。usedtoIamusedtotheweatherhere.Heisusedtohardwork.他习惯于艰苦的工作。usedtobe,haveItobeawaiterbutnowI’mataxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员，但现在我是出租车司机。★本单元的许多运用usedto的句子属于描述过去的状态Mariousedtobeshort. 马力奥过去总是很矮Amyusedtobeoutgoing. 爱米过去性格外向Tinausedtohavelongandstraighthair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。Heusedtowearblackshoes.他过去常穿黑鞋。Unit3bebebe完全一样。invite态的句式变化：二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下： 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的be是什么时态全句就是什么时态be动词后面的过去分词不变。 般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am/is/are（not）＋过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was/were＋过去分词例如：我们学过的was/wereborn生于，就是一个被动语态.born是个过去分词（bear）－Whenwereyouborn?－Iwasbornin1989.现在进行时被动语态的构成为:主语＋is/am/are+being＋过去分词现在完成时被动语态的构成为:主语＋have/has＋been＋过去分词情态动词的被动语态:情态动词＋be＋过去分词一般将来时的被动语态:主语＋will＋be＋过去分词过去将来时的被动语态:主语＋would/should+be＋过去分词过去进行时的被动语态:主语＋was/were+being＋过去分词过去完成时的被动语态:主语＋had+been+过去分词三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by＋动作执行者短语Footballisplayedwidelyallovertheworld.地踢足球。by短语。Thebankwasrobbedyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。ItisreportedthatabouttwentychildrenhavediedoffluintheUSA.据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。请看下表:主动语态被动语态TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou．TheyusethiskeyforlockingtheclassroompeoplespeakwroteaarebuildingaTrainsaremadeinZhuzhou．Thiskeyisusedforlockingtheclassroomdoor(bythem)．Englishisspokenbymanypeople．Aletterwrittenbyhim．Aroadisbeingbuilt(bythem)．Unit4假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。请比较：Ifitissunnytomorrow,we’llgotothezoo.的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）如果我是你”，但事能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过时。主句用“should/would/could/might+动词原形。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoforawalk.IfIwereinvited,Iwouldgotothedinnerparty.IfIwonamilliondollarsinthelottery,Iwouldputitinthebank.知识点2.Hedoesn’tknowifheshouldbringapresent.此处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。E.g.1.Idon’tknowifIshouldgototheparty.2.IfIhaveenoughmoney,IwillgotoHainan.知识点3.IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.if引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，be动词只能用were，而不能用was。E.g.Ifhewerehere,hewouldnotagreewithyou.4Idon’thaveapresentWhatifeveryoneelsebringsapresent?Whatif…“如果……相当于whatwouldhappenif…E.g. WhatshallIdoifitsnows?知识点5.Well,dogscanbealotoftrouble.Trouble麻烦事,名词常用搭配：get(sb)intotrouble getoutoftrouble what’sthetrouble“if”引导的条件句。Unit5Itmustbe---(肯定是,100%)Itmight/couldbe…(有可能,20-80%)Itcan’tbe…程度(肯定不是,0%)肯定句否定句疑问句must★★★★√may★★★√ √might/could★★√√√√can’tcan★√√---Whosebookisthis?---ItmustbeMary’s. (肯定;一定ItmustbelongtoMary.---WhoseFrenchbookisthis?---ItcouldbeAli’s.ShestudiesFrench.(可能)ThehairbandmightbelongtoLinda.mightbeLinda’s.(可能)TheT-shirtcan’tbeJohn’s. (不可能It’smuchtoosmallforhim.练习：1.---Whosepenisthis?---It LiuMeibecauseIsawher useittheotherday.A.can’tbe B.mightbe C.mustbelongtoThat’sapieceofgoodnews.They gladtohearthat.canbe B.mightbe C.mustbe D.can’tbeUnit6

Mary beinParis.Isawherintownonlyafewminutesago.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.maynot定语从句who指人,(作宾语可省略ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Aperson whostealsthingsiscalledathief.whom指人,作宾语作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that指人/(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.→Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.→Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.↓Thescientist Ø wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.whowhomthatThedressisnew. Sheiswearingit.↓Thedress that sheiswearingisnew.whichØ(3)Heisthekindperson. Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.↓Heisthekindperson that Ihaveeverworkedwith.whowhomØThisisthebestfilm. Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.↓Thisisthebestfilm that Ihaveeverseen.Ø在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）that（做主语，宾语），which（语）whomwhich。whowhich。that与who、which的区别定语从句中关系词的省略典型例题Thefirstjob Ifoundwastobeacleaner.A.where B.why C.which D.that解析：指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词thatD。Idon’tthinkhistoryisasinterestingasEnglish.（改为同义词）Ithinkhistoryis interesting English.解析：答案是：less;than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。Thewomanwhoiswearingthehatismymother.（改为同义句Thewoman thehatismymother.解析：读题后可知：上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”，对应下句，可知空格处应填“戴”in选择填空Thepoorboy lostbothhisparentslastyeariscalledMike．A．which B．what C．who D．／Thebridge hasbeentherefornearlyfiftyyearsstilllooksnice．A．which B．what C．／ D．whoI’moneofthestudents wellinEnglishinmyclass．A．whodoes B．whodo C．whichdoes D．whodidIsthisfactory someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A．that B．where C．which D．theoneAll theyhavedoneisgoodforus．A．what B．which C．why D．thatUnit7表达意愿的几个基本句子 gotoFrancesomeday. gotoFrancesomeday. gotoFrancesomeday. gotoFrancesomeday.答案：a.Ihopeto b.I’dliketo c.I’dloveto d.IwanttoShewouldliketogotoNewYork.（对划线部分提问答案：Wherewouldsheliketog