商务英语阅读(第二版) 王关富Unit2The-World-Economic-Forum 课后答案

PAGEPAGE6Unit2AChangedGlobalRealityExercisesAnswerthequestionsonthetext:Whatarethefeaturesofthetwomajoreconomiesthattheworldhasseenmorethan200years?Onehasdominatedtechnologicalinnovationandtradeandamassedgreatwealth.Thesecond—muchofitpoliticallyunderthethumbofthefirst—hasremainedpoorandtechnologicallydependent.Howmuchdidlow-and-middle-incomecountriescontributetoworldin2010?Almosthalf(46%)Takingalongtermview,whyis itgoodnewsthatdevelopingcountriesgrowingfast?Asbillionsofpoorpeoplebecomemoreprosperous,theywillbeabletoaffordcomfortstheircounterpartsintherichworldhavelongconsideredthenormalappurtenancesoflife.Whataretheworst-casescenariosthatEuropehassofaravoided?Acollapseoftheeuro,adebtcrisisthatspillsfromsmalleconomiessuchasGreeceandIrelandtomuchbiggeroneslikeItalyandSpain,andbittersocialunrestinthosenationsthatarehavingtomassagewagesdownwhilecuttingpublicbudgets.WhydoesJimWalkerthinkthat2011willbea“yearofreckoning”?BecauseJimWalkerthinksthatthereboundintheUSisamiragecreatedbyexcessivestimulus.HeexpectstheUStoslipintothedoubledipitdodgedin2010.Why has the private-sector debt crisis of 2008-2009 morphed into public-sectordebtcrisisin2010-11?Ithasbeentheresultofthedebtanddeficitsamassedintheprocessofstimulatingeconomiesandbailingoutbanksduringthedownturn.Whataretherisksthatemergingeconomiesface?sharpriseininflationrisingoilpricessoaringfoodpriceWhatdidChinaandIndiadotocopewithinflationandrisingfoodprices?Chinaraisedthereserve-requirementratio;IndiaresortedtodiplomaticmeanswhenPakistantemporarilycutoffexportsofonionstothecountry.Howcanthedisaffectionwithglobalcapitalisminthedevelopedworldpreventedfromturningintoabacklashagainstit?Itwouldhelpifthereweremechanismsinplacetomanagethestressesintheinternationaleconomy.Whatisthemostseriousdivisionbetweencountriesthatpolicymakershavetocontendwith?EconomicdisparityFillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow:Thesearchforthechildwasscaledbacksharplytoday,withalmostathirdofvolunteersheadinghome.TheformerFederalReserveChairmansaysthereisariskthattheUScould intoarecessionbyyear’send.TheCEOofthefirmsaidthattheywouldswitchpriorityfromtraditionallabor-intensiveproductstomorehi-techandvalue-addedones.Intheaftermathofthefinancialcrisisthegrouphasputonholdsomeofambitiousregionalexpansionplans.ToyotaMotorCorp.isofferingwidespreadjobbuyoutstoitsUSworkersforthefirsttimeandcuttingtheworkweekatsomeofitsAmericanplantsby10%contendwithfallingsales.Eventually,itmustmorphintoasystemthatfunctionsonstability,oritwillandcauseanunstoppablebreakdownandwidespreadhardship.Unfortunatelymostofthecentralbanksintheworldtodayarestillfirmly thethumbofpoliticians.Thestockendurancecoulddependheavilyonwhethereconomiccorporateperformanceremainsuncertain, orbeginsindicatingthattheeconomytrulyisoutofthewoods.Survivorswereencouragedtotalkabouttheirhorribleexperiencestohelpthemcometotermswiththeflooddisaster. Othercountries—notablyAustralia—havealsoavoidedabustintheirhousingmarkets,andhaveinsteadseenpricesincreasesflattenout.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:A B1）double-diprecession A)Aphysicalsubstance,suchasfood,grains,andmetals,whichisinterchangeablewithanotherproductofthesametype,andwhichinvestorsbuyorsell,usuallythroughfuturecontracts7creditrating B)Ameasurethatexaminestheweightedaverageofpricesof foodstuffs,oftenusedasanimportanttoassessthecostofliving.9austerity C)Agovernmentpolicyofdeficit-cutting,lowerspending,andareductionintheamountofbenefitsandpublicservicesprovided,sometimescoupledwithincreasesintaxestopaybackcreditorstoreducedebt.3privatesector D)Acentralbankregulationthatsetstheminimumreserveseachcommercialbankmustholdtocustomerdepositsandnotes.10protectivetariff E) Thepartoftheeconomythatisnotstatecontrolled,andisrunbyindividualsandcompaniesforprofit.4beggarthyneighbor F)Anexpressionineconomicsdescribingpolicythatseeksbenefitsforonecountryattheexpenseofothers.Such policies attempt to remedy the economicproblemsinonecountrybymeanswhichtendworsentheproblemsofothercountries.67)commodity G)Apublishedrankingbasedondetailedfinancialanalysisbyacreditbureau,ofone’sfinancialhistory,specificallyasitrelatestoone’sabilitytomeetdebtobligations.2sovereign-debtcrisis H)Acrisisinwhichanationalgovernmentowessomuchdebtthatitisunabletorepayorontheedgeofbankruptcy.8food-priceindex I)Atariffwhichtriestobanimportstostopthemcompetingwithlocalproducts5reserverequirement J)Asituationwhereeconomicgrowthslidesbacktonegativeafterashort-livedgrowth andthemaymoveintoadeeperandlongerdownturn.1TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举20国集团成员国突然拒绝支持在最后的讲话中，奥巴马对这次令人失望的峰会持积极态度，说世界上的发对状态的边缘。追求各自的利益，而会损害有协调的全球均衡增长。Fillineachofthefollowinggapswithoneofthesentencesgivenbelow:ThisweektheIMFpredictedthatglobalGDPshouldexpandby4.8%thisyear.Mostobviously,thereisthegapbetweenthevitalityofthebigemergingeconomies,someofwhichhavebeensprintingalongatcloseto10%,andthesluggishnessofmanyrichones. Poorcountries,especiallyyoungones,oughtintheorytoinvestmorethansave,andsobeanetsourceofdemandforricher,olderones,allthemoresowhenthelatterareinbadshape. Richcountriesareplanningtaxrisesandspendingcutsworth1.25%ofcollectiveGDPin2011,thebiggestsynchronisedfiscaltighteningonrecord. EveninAmericatheageingofthebaby-boomerspointstoaslower-growingworkforce.SupplementaryReadingTheSurvivaloftheSafestWhichofthefollowingisanimportantreasonfortheAmericaneconomy’spersistentweakness?newrisksdamagetomorale∨distrustinoneanotherJohnMaynardKeynes’theoryAccordingtothepassage,thebook“WhyWagesDontFallDuringaRecession”focuseson:therecessionof1999therecessionof1990-1999therecessionof1990-1991∨therecessionof2008-nowWhatisunusualaboutthemarketforlaborcomparedwithotherproductivefactors?Forotherproductivefactorssuchaswheat, thepriceusuallydropsuntilexcesssupplyismostlygone.Excesssupplyoflaborshowsupasunemployment.Unlikefactorsofproductionssuchaswheatortrucks,humanbeingshavemoraleissues.Forlabormarket,excesssupplycanbeprominentandpersistent.∨ThemanagersthatProfessorBewleyinterviewedconsistentlytoldthat:theyareconcernedaboutboththeemotionalandphysicalstateoftheiremployees.theyareconcernedabouttheemotionalstateoftheircoreemployees∨theyareconcernedaboutthephysicalstateoftheircoreemployeestheyareconcernedabouttheemotionalstateofalltheiremployeesThe underlined part in the sentence “…they steel themselves sentimentality…”means:Becomehard-hearted∨Wrapthemselveswithsteel.BeequippedwithsteelFightagainstWhydomanagersoftenlayoffmorepeoplethannecessary?Toensurethattheydon’thavetorepeattheordealanytimesoon.∨Toensurethattheremainingworkersworkharder.TocutdowncostBecausetheremainingworkerswanttotakeextrawork.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Thelaid-offemployeescandirectly “poisontheatmosphere”intheirworkplaces.Thelaid-of