2021-2022学年浙江省杭州市高三（上）开学英语试卷（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年浙江省杭州市富春实验中学高三（上）开

学英语试卷AOvertheyears,RachelandherfamilywitnessedaseverechangeinthelandscapeoftheirhomeinPennsylvania.Thepopulationgrew,andthetowngotdirtierandpollutedasitbecamemoreindustrial.'Tmgoingtobeawriter,"RacheltoldhergoodfriendOlga."And,I'mgoingtowriteaboutmyloveofnature.!wanttoshowhowindustrializationandprogresscancausedamageandchangestoanimals,birds,andplants/*WhenRachelwenttocollege,shemajoredinEnglish.Butbecauseofherloveofnature,shesoonswitchedtobiologyandlaterworkedfortheU.S.FishandWildlifeService.In1945,Rachelfirstbecameawareofthepossibledangersofpesticides.Pesticides（杀虫剂），likeDDT,arechemicalsthatkillinsectsthatmighthurtplantsandcrops.Yearslater,herfriendOlgawitnessedthisdangerfirsthand.MItwashorrible,shetoldRachel.°AftertheuseofDDT,sevensongbirdsdiedinoneplace.Thenfordaysafter,we'dfindmorebirdsdead.”HIknow,"saidRachel.HTrue,DDTk川sharmfulinsects,butitalsokillsthegoodinsectsweneedforpollinationandotherpurposes.ltstaysintheenvironment.Whenbirdseatthepoisonedinsects,theygetsick.Ifthebirddoesn*tdie,thepoisoncanharmitsoffspring.0Olgawavedherarmswildly."Wehavetodosomethingaboutthis."Rachelwenttoherdeskandgrabbedahandfulofpapers.ShehandedthemtoOlga."TmwritingabookfromalltheresearchFvegathered.ltwillbecalledSilentSpring.Illshowhowpesticidesandotherharmfulchemicalscanhurtnature.1'Olgaraisedhereyebrows.MYouknowthechemicalmanufacturerswillfightyou.Ifthegovernmentbelievespesticidesareharmful,they'llbeginaninvestigationandpossiblyoutlawthem.Themanufacturerswilllosemoney."Rachelloweredhereyes."Iknow,butit'sabattleworthfighting.Wehavetoprotecttheenvironment.*'WhatmotivatesRacheltobecomeanenvironmentalist?Herfamily'ssupport.Olga'sconstantencouragement.Herswitchofmajorincollege.Negativeeffectsfromdevelopment.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookSilentSpring?ItisbasedontheresultofRachel'sresearch.It'saboutthedamagecausedbyindustrialization.Itisintendedtoraisepeople'sawarenessoftheriskfromchemicals.IttellsthestoryaboutOlga*switnessofseveralbirds'deathfrompoison.Olgawasworriedabouttheharmfulpesticides.Thegovernmentwilltakeactionaboutpesticides.Rachelwasdeterminedtoprotecttheenvironment.ChemicalmanufacturerswillprobablyopposeRachel.BTodetermineifdogsdisplayjealous（妒忌的）behavior,investigatorssetupatestingconditionwherethedogscouldimaginethatsocialinteractionbetweentheirownerwastakingplacewithanotherdog.Forsafety'ssake,theydidn'tuseanotherrealdog,butratherarealisticmodelofadogthatmightbeviewedasapotentialcompetitorforattention.Asacontrolcomparison,theyusedacylinder（圆柱）thatwaswrappedinwool.Theteststartedoutwiththedogstiedononesideoftheroom.Thedogsobservedthe"dogcompetitor1'sittingnexttotheirowner.Whilethedogwatched,abarrierwasrolledintoplacebetweenthedoganditspotential,,competitorMsothattheycouldonlyseetheirownerfromthewaistup.Althoughthedogscouldnotseewhattheirownerwasdoingwithhishands,theycouldseehimorherbendingoverandrepeatingsomelovingphraseslike"Whatagoodboy!”.Thechainthatthedogwastiedtowasattachedtotheequipmentthatcouldrecordhowhardthedogwaspullingonit.Thusthemeasureofthedegreeofjealousywashowpowerfullydogsattemptedtoreachtheirownerswhentheyappearedtobepettingthecompetitor"dog"behindthebarrier.ltwasdeterminedthatthispullingreallywasbasedonjealousybecause,intheconditionwheretheownerswerepettingawool-coveredcylinderratherthanthemodeldog,thedogspulledwithfarlessforce.Rememberthatalloftheseactivitieshappenedjustbecauseofthedog'smentalpictureastowhatwasgoingonsinceeverythingbelowtheowner'swaistwashiddenbythebarrier.Dogs'abilitytoconnectthedotsandinferthattheirowners*actionsweredirectedtowardahiddencompetitorsuggeststhatdogsnotonlyarecapableofmentallyrepresentingsocialinteractionsbutalsospecificallydosowheninterpretinginteractionsthatmightthreatenthesocialbondtheyhavewiththeirowners.Thismeansthatdogs,likepeople,canfeelthestrongnegativeemotionthatShakespearecalled"thegreen-eyedbeast."Whyisacylinderwrappedinwoolusedinthestudy?A.Tohidetheowner'swaist.Tocontrolthemodeldog.Toactasacomparisontothecompetitordog.Toprovidecomfortforthedogsfeelingjealousy.Howisthedog'sdegreeofjealousymeasured?Howtheirownerspetthecylinder.Howforcefullythedogspullonthelead.Howoftenthelovingphrasesarerepeated.Howtheirownersshowlovetothemodeldog.Themodeldogwassittingnearby.Theirownerswerebendingovertorepeatlovingwords.Belowtheowner'swaistwasawool-coveredcylinder.Somecompetitordogwasstealingtheirowner'sloveawayfromthem.cHappinessisnotnatural.It'samerehumanconstruct.It*sastateofcontentmentdiscouragedbyourgeneticdesignbecauseitwouldlowerourguardagainstpossiblethreatstooursurvival.Chasinghappinessislikechasingashadow,butthepositivethinkingindustryclaimstoknowitssecrets.Self-helpwaspopularizedbyNormanVincentPeale,anAmericanminister.Heinvented"positivethinking",aconceptnowdeeplyrootedinourcultureandsteadilygrowingininfluence.Popularfilmsandbooksarefullofsupposedlyinspirationalstatementsabouthowallyouneedtodoisbelieveinyourselfandthenyou'llbeabletoachieveanythinginlife.Thisissimply,andobviously,nottrue.Idon*tthinkthereisaneedtoexplainthatmanyobstaclesandmisfortunesinlifeareunavoidable,orcannotbeovercome.Ourancestorsknewthis,andmanyphilosophicalandreligioustraditionsarebasedontheacceptancethatbeingaliveisaverychallengingtask,whichcomeswithsignificantamountsofsuffering.ltgoeswithoutsayingthatweshoulddoallwecantomaximizeoursenseofwellbeingandminimizeoursuffering,buttheendresultcannotbeastateofsustainedhappiness.Wearenotdesignedthatway.Itcouldbearguedthatpositivepsychologyblamesthosewhoaresufferingfortheirsuffering,asitisbasedontheideathatunhappinessisentirelyavoidable.ltfollowsthereforethatanunhappypersonmustbeinadequateandincompetenl.Positivepsychologyencouragespeoplewhoarestrugglingwithaparticulargoaltopersevereinthefaceofunfavorablepossibilities,whichismuchmorepunishingpsychologicallyinthelongrunthanacceptingdefeat.Ibelievethatcomingtotermswithlifeasitis,andnotasthehappinessindustrytellsusitcouldbe,willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewithourselvesandwiththeworld.Unfortunately,ihedevilalwayshasthebesttunes.Whichofthefollowingstatementswillthewriterprobablyagree?Happinessisagoalthatcanbeachieved.Happinessisanideacreatedbyhumanbeing.Popularculturehelpsdiscoverthesecretsofhappiness.Happinessenablespeopletofightagainstoursurvivaldangers.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardspositivethinkingindustry?A.Disapproving.B.Supportive.C.Sympathetic.D.Indifferent.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying"thedevilalwayshasthebesttunes'*inlastparagraph?Happinessindustryhasstronginfluenceonpeople.Peoplebegintoacceptthatlifeisfullofchallenge.Reducingsufferingcanguaranteelife-longhappiness.Unhappinesswillnotnecessarilydominatepeople'slife.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HappinessinSuffering B.ThePursuitofHappinessC.TheHappinessFantasy D.HappinessChasingIndustryIngardensacrossBritainthegrasshasstoppedgrowing.(1)Infact,theyaregreenerandtidierthanbefore.Thatisbecausethelawnsareactuallyartificialmadefromplastic.(2)Countryestateshavelongcompetedtohavethemostperfectlycutgrassland."WhatyouYesayinginbigloudcapitalletters,is'I'msowealthy*,"saysFionaDavisonoftheRoyalHorticulturalSociety(RHS),asocietyforeco-gardeners.Withthecomingofthegrass-cuttingmachinesin1830,themiddleclassesjoinedthefun.ButnowBritonshavefalleninlovewithartificialgrass.EvergreensUK,whichsellsthestuff,saysithasseena120%riseinsalessince2015.GrassDirectreportstheyareupby50%thisyear.(3)Thesematchdifferentregions：Scottishturf(草皮)isdarkerthanCornishturf.Artificialgrassispopularwithfamilieswhohavechildrenordogsanddon'twantmudpulledbehindthroughtheirhouses.lthasanattractivefactor,too.AndyDriverofEvergreensUKsayspeoplenowseegardensas"outsiderooms"-pairingcarpetsofartificialgrasswithcomfortableseating.Noteveryoneisafan.(4)Astudyfindsearthworms(蚯蚓)gain14%lessbodyweightwhenoperatingunderartificialgrass.Thatmightnotbeaproblemforitsfans,aswormholesarearegularheadache,butitupsetsgreentypes.ExtinctionRebelliondugupartificialgrassoutsideachurchinHarrogateinprotest.Threeprotestorshavetriedtostopartificialgrassspreading.(5)TheRHSisconcernedaboutartificialgrass,butpreferspersuasiontolaw-making.A.Britonsarefascinatedbylawns.B.Theyarenotlackingwaterordrought-stricken.C.Theseeco-gardenersaremorelikelytobeenvironmentalists.D.Betap,aDutchfirm,hasrecentlylauncheditsfirstBritishdesigns.E.Man-madegrassescontainmicroplasticsthatruinsoilandriskflooding.F.Wildlife-lovinggardenersaregrowing,manypreferringtocatchtheinsects.G.Thegovernmentsaysrestrictingwhatpeopledointheirbackyardsiswrong.11.A.AB.BG.GC.CD.DE.EF.F12.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G13.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AA.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AE F.FG.GB.B C.CG.GD.D E.BritishCyclinghadrecentlyhiredDaveBrailsfordasitsnewdirector.Atthetim,professionalcyclistsinGreatBritainhad(16)nearlyonehundredyearsofmediocrity(平庸).Infact,their£17)hadbeensopoorthatoneofthetopbikecompaniesinEurope(18)tosellbikestotheteambecausetheywereafraidthatitwouldhurtsalesifotherprofessionalssawtheBritishpeopleusingtheirbikes.WhatmadeBrailsforddifferentfrompreviouscoacheswashis(19)ofsearchingforatinyimprovementineverythingtheydo.Thewholeprinciplecamefromtheideathatifyou(20)everythingyoucouldthinkofthatgoesintoridingabike,improveitby1percentandyouwillgeta(21)increasewhenyouputthemalltogether.Brailsfordandhiscoachesbeganbymakingsmall(22).Theyredesignedthebikeseatstomakethemmore(23).Theyaskedriderstowearelectricallyheatedover-shortsto(24)idealmuscletemperaturewhileridingandusedbiofeedbacksensorsto(25)howeachathleterespondedtoaparticularworkout.Buttheydidn'tstopthere.They(26)tofind1percentimprovementsinoverlookedareas.Theyhireda(n)(27)toteacheachriderthebestwaytowashtheirhandstoreducethe(28)ofcatchingacold.Theyevenpaintedthe(29)oftheteamtruckwhite,whichhelpedthem(3O)littlebitsofdustthatwouldnormallyslipby(31)butcouldaffecttheperformanceofthe(32)tunedbikes.Astheseandhundredsofothersmallimprovementswere(33),theresultscamefasterthananyonecouldhave(34).JustfiveyearsafterBrailsfordtookoverdhey(35)theroadandtrackcyclingeventsinalltheimportantGames.16.A.lostB.enjoyedC.showedD.suffered17.A.scoreB.trackC.performanceD.model18.A.failedB.refusedC.expectedD.pretended19.A.promiseB.opinionC.dreamD.philosophy20.A.brokedownB.tookdownC.putupD.gaveaway21.A.flexibleB.temporaryC.significantD.random22.A.differencesB.adjustmentsC.programsD.efforts23.A.attractiveB.emptyC.softD.comfortable24.A.maintainB.raiseC.reduceD.discover25.A.changeB.monitorC.manageD.produce26.A.continuedB.happenedC.learnedD.bothered27.A.coachB.secretaryC.assistantD.surgeon28.A.sessionsB.chancesC.recordsD.reactions29.A.tyresB.roofC.insideD.seats30.A.gatherB.recognizeC.spotD.send31.A.surroundedB.unnoticedC.removedD.discovered32.A.finelyB.initiallyC.slightlyD.positively33.A.tookoffB.pickedupC.builtupD.gotoff34.A.achievedB.rememberedC.mentionedD.imagined35.A.dominatedB.witnessedC.celebratedD.attended36.Fuzhou,capitalofsoutheasternFujianprovince,rarelyfeaturesontravelplansforpeoplecomingtoChina.However,itdeservesaplaceon(1)(traveler)maps,asithasanexcellentplaceforexplorers,culturalenthusiastsandfbodies,anditalso(2)(offer)auniqueglimpse(一瞥)intoanothersideofamorerealChinaoffthebeatentouristtrack.FuzhoulocalsrepresentthesouthernChinesementalityofopennessandfriendliness一sotheywillbehappy(3)(give)youawarmwelcome.Andastemperaturescanreachupto20℃eveninJanuary,FuzhouisaperfectplaceforawinterdestinationfromChina'scoldnorth.(locate)onthebanksoftheMinRiverandrightacrossfromTaiwanontheEastChinaSea,FuzhouisinmanywaystheperfectexampleofthesouthernChinesecapital.Next(5)thelivelyandbusylocalstreetsoftheinnercityyougetseaviews,mountains(6)historicalsites,butalsosomeofthe(7)(delicious)foodinallofChinaandanightlifefullofenergy.(8)place,withitsmarvelousgreenparksandgardens,also(9)(know)asthe℃ityofBanyans",becauseofthenumerousbanyantreesplantedtheresincetheSongDynasty.Ifyouarelookingtoescapethenoisyurbanlife,Fuzhouoffersawiderangeofplacesfor(10)(relax)andadventure.37.假定你是李华，上周六你校举办了服务社区的志愿者活动，请你自拟标题为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：.参加人员；.活动内容：陪护老人、健康宣讲；.活动的意义。注意：.词数80左右;.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。38.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。WrappingpaperfleweverywhereasCaliopenedhergift.Theboxhadapictureofaprettygirl.Shewaswearingwhiteiceskatesandturningaroundafrozenpond.Calilookedupatherauntandunclewithherbigbrowneyes.*'Figureskates?WowJHowniceofyou!But,1'thelittlegirlhesitated,n,,,butIdon'tknowhowtoskate.0Shelookedembarrassed."Don'tworry,HsaidAuntLisa."That'sthefunpart一learninghowtodoit!""That'sright,°saidUncleGeorge.*'Wewilltakeyoutotheicerink（冰场）andallgoskatingtogether.*'*'Idon*tknow…"saidCali.Shewasn*ttoosureshewasgoingtobeabletodoit.Sometimesshehadahardtimelearningnewthings.Shelookedagainatthehappygirlonthebox.Itdidlooklikefun.Caliimaginedherselfmovingandturningontheicelikearealfigureskater."Okay/sheagreed."Let'sdoit!”ThenextdayCaliwenttotheskatingrinkwithherauntanduncle.Hereyestwinkledandherfacelitupwithexcitementasshelookedattheotherskatersaroundher.Shesatdownonthebenchandslippedherfeetintotheskates.Holdingthestringsinherfingers,shecouldnotfigureouthowtotiethemup.nIdon'tknowhowtodoit,“shesaid.Shefeltsadthatthiswasanotherthingshecouldn'tdo."Letmeshowyou.'*Herauntbentdownononeknee,explaininghowtoputthestringsaroundthesmallhooks（钩子）.Thenshetiedthemintoatightbow."Now,youdotheotherskateyourself.Filhelpyouifyouneedit."Calibentovertheskateanddidwhatheraunthadshowedher.Hertonguestuckoutofthesideofhermouthasshepaidattention.Afterafewtries,sheworkedouthowtocrossthestringsaroundthehooks.Heraunthelpedmakesurethestringswereniceandtight.MYoudidit!”smiledheraunt,pattingCaliontheback.注意：.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1："TimetohittheiceJherunclesaid.Paragraph2：OofiShefelldownward.答案和解析1〜3.【答案】D、C、C【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段Thepopulationgrew,andthetowngotdirtierandpollutedasitbecamemoreindustrial.（随着人口的增长，这个城镇变得越来越脏，污染越来越严重）和第三段Butbecauseofherloveofnature,shesoonswitchedtobiologyandlaterworkedfortheU.S.FishandWildlifeService.（但是因为她对自然的热爱，她很快转向生物学，后来为美国鱼类和野生动物管理局工作）»说明激励瑞秋成为环保主义者的是发展的负面影响。故选DoC.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段ItwillbecalledSilentSpring.I'llshowhowpesticidesandotherharmfulchemicalscanhurtnature."它将被称为SilentSpring。我将展示杀虫剂和其他有害化学物质是如何伤害大自然的。说明写SilentSpring这本书的目的是提高人们对化学品风险的认识。故选C。C.段落大意题。根据最后一段Rachelloweredhereyes."Iknow,butit'sabattleworthfighting.Wehavetoprotecttheenvironment.”雷切尔垂下眼睛。"我知道，但这是一场值得一战的战斗。我们必须保护环境。”说明Rachel下定决心保护环境。故选Co本文主要讲述随着人口的增长，城镇变得越来越脏，污染越来越严重。雷切尔为引起人们对有害化学品的警示而写了SilentSpring这本书。做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。4〜6.【答案】C、B、D（解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据原文第一段"Asacontrolcomparison,theyusedacylinder（圆柱）thatwaswrappedinwool.作为对照，他们使用了一个用羊毛包裹的圆筒。"可知在研究中使用羊毛包裹的圆柱体是为了与竞争对手的狗进行比较。故选C.B.细节理解题。根据原文第三段"Thechainthatthedogwastiedtowasattachedtotheequipmentthatcouldrecordhowhardthedogwaspullingonit.狗被拴在链子上，链子上可以记录狗拉它的力度。"可知狗的嫉妒程度是通过狗拉导线的力量有多大来衡量的。故选BoD.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段"Dogs'abilitytoconnectthedotsandinferthattheirowners'actionsweredirectedtowardahiddencompetitorsuggeststhatdogsnotonlyarecapableofmentallyrepresentingsocialinteractionsbutalsospecificallydosowheninterpretinginteractionsthatmightthreatenthesocialbondtheyhavewiththeirowners.狗能够将这些点连接起来，并推断主人的行为是针对隐藏的竞争对手的，这表明狗不仅能够在心理上表现社会互动，而且在解释可能威胁到它们与主人的社会关系的互动时也能明确地表现出来人们。"可知让狗表现出嫉妒的是一些竞争狗偷走了主人的爱。故选D。本文介绍了为了确定狗是否表现出在行为方面的嫉妒，调查人员设置了一个测试。结果表明狗能够推断出隐藏的竞争狗狗，行能够在心理上表现社会互动。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。7〜10.【答案】B、A、A、A【解析】(1)B.推理判断题。根据原文第一段"Happinessisnotnatural.It'samerehumanconstruct.It'sastateofcontentmentdiscouragedbyourgeneticdesignbecauseitwouldlowerourguardagainstpossiblethreatstooursurvival.幸福不是自然的。它只是人类的一种构造。它是一种被我们的基因设计所抑制的满足状态，因为它会降低我们对生存可能受到的威胁的警惕。”可知作者可能会认为幸福是人类创造的一种观念。故选B。A.观点态度题。根据原文第二段"Chasinghappinessislikechasingashadow,bulthepositivethinkingindustryclaimstoknowitssecrets.追逐幸福就像追逐影子，但积极思考行业声称知道它的秘密。"可知作者对积极思考行业持的态度是不赞成。A.Disapproving不赞成的；B.Supportive支持的；C.Sympathetic同情的；D.Indifferent漠不关心的。故选A。A.句意理解题。根据原文最后一段"Ibelievethatcomingtotermswithlifeasitis,andnotasthehappinessindustrytellsusitcouldbe,willmakeushappier,andwewillfeelmoreatpeacewithourselvesandwiththeworld.我相信，接受现实生活，而不是幸福行业告诉我们的现实生活，会让我们更幸福，我们会对自己和世界感到更平和。"可知作者在最后一段说"魔鬼总是有最好的曲调。"是的意思是人们开始接受生活充满挑战。故选A。A.标题归纳题。本文介绍了幸福不是自然的。它只是人类的一种构造。它是一种被基因设计所抑制的满足状态，因为它会降低人类对生存可能受到的威胁的警惕。但是接受现实生活，而不是幸福行业告诉我们的现实生活，会让我们更幸福。可知文章的合适标题是苦难中的幸福。A.HappinessinSuffering苦难中的幸福；B.ThePursuitofHappiness对幸福的追求；C.TheHappinessFantasy幸福幻想；D.HappinessChasingIndustry追求幸福的行业。故选A。本文介绍了幸福不是自然的。它只是人类的一种构造。它是一种被基因设计所抑制的满足状态，因为它会降低人类对生存可能受到的威胁的警惕。但是接受现实生活，而不是幸福行业告诉我们的现实生活，会让我们更幸福。1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。11〜15.【答案】B、A、D、E、G【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据前句"IngardensacrossBritainthegrasshasstoppedgrowing.（在英国的花园中，草已经停止生长。）"和后句"Infact,theyaregreenerandtidierthanbefore.（事实上，它们比以前更绿色，更整洁。）”可知，此句说明草停止生长原因并非因为缺水或遭受旱灾，从而引出本文的话题。B选项"Theyarenotlackingwaterordrought-stricken.（它们没有缺水或遭受旱灾。）”符合题意，故选B。A.段落大意题。此空位于段首，对于整段起概括的作用。从下文“Countryestates（地产）havelongcompetedtohavethemostperfectlycutgrassland.（长期以来，乡村庄园一直在竞相拥有修剪得最完美的草地。）”可以看到Britons着迷于草坪。A选项"Britonsarefascinatedbylawns.（英国人对草坪很着迷。）”符合题意，故选A。D.推理判断题。此空前"EvergreensUK,whichsellsthestuff,saysithasseena120%riseinsalessince2015.GrassDirectreportstheyareupby50%thisyear.（销售该产品的EvergreensUK表示，自2015年以来，该公司的销售额增长了120%。GrassDirect报告称，今年它们的价格上涨了50%o）”有两家草坪公司蒸蒸日上的业绩，后文Thesematchdifferentregions：Scottishturf（草皮）isdarkerthanCornishturf.（这些草皮适合不同的地区：苏格兰草皮比康沃尔草皮颜色深。）”说这些与不同的地区匹配，所以可以推断出荷兰推出不同的设计来满足市场需求，与整段讲述同一话题。D选项”Betap,aDulchfirm,hasrecentlylauncheditsfirstBritishdesigns.（Bet叩，一家荷兰公司，最近推出了它的第一个英国设计。）”符合题意，故选D。E.推理判断题。根据后文"Astudyfindsearthwormsgain14%lessbodyweightwhenoperatingunderartificialgrass.Thatmightnotbeaproblemforitsfans,aswormholesarearegularheadache,butitupsetsgreentypes.（一项研究发现蚯蚓在人工草下活动时体重增加了14%o这对它的粉丝来说可能不是问题，因为虫洞是常见的头痛问题，但它却让绿色的人感到不安。）”讲述人工草坪对蚯蚓的影响以及有些人对人工草坪的抗议，前句"Noteveryoneisafan",E选项讲的是人工草坪的危害，属于同一话题，是个完美的匹酉己项。E选项Man-madegrassescontainmicroplasticsthatruinsoilandriskflooding.（人造草含有微塑料，会破坏土壤并有洪水的风险。）”符合题意，故选E。G.推理判断题。根据前文"Threeprotestorshavetriedtostopartificialgrassspreading.（三名抗议者试图阻止人造草的蔓延。）”以及后文"TheRHSisconcernedaboutartificialgrass,butpreferspersuasiontolaw-making.（英国皇家园艺学会对人造草很关心，但比起立法它更喜欢说服。）”可知，整段讲述不同对象对人工草坪的不同态度。前有反对者，后有关注者希望制定法律，G选项"Thegovernmentsaysrestrictingwhatpeopledointheirbackyardsiswrong.（政府说限制人们在他们的后院做什么是错误的。）”说明政府的态度，符合题意。故选G。这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人工草坪在英国的流行以及不同人群对人工草坪的态度。七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词)，选出最符合语境的句子。16~35•【答案】D、C、B、D、A、C、B、D、A、B、A、A、B、C、C、B、A、C、D、A【解析】(1)D.考查动词及语境理解。A.lost失去；B.enjoyed享受；C.showed显示；Differed遭受。句意：当时，英国的职业自行车手遭受近一百年的平庸。通过下文"nearlyonehundredyearsofmediocrity“以及"lheywereafraidthatitwouldhurtsalesifotherprofessionalssawtheBritsusingtheirbikes"可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手被人看不起，遭受了近百年的平庸。故选D。C.考查名词及语境理解。A.score分数；B.track足迹；C.performance表现；D.model模型。根据后文becausetheywereafraidthatitwouldhurtsalesifotherprofessionalssawtheBritsusingtheirbikes. 可知，事实上，他们的表现差。故选C。(3)B.考查动词及语境理解。A.failed失败；B.refused拒绝；C.expected期望；D.pretended假装。根据后文becausetheywereafraidthatitwouldhurtsalesifotherprofessionalssawtheBritsusingtheirbikes. 可知是欧洲的自行车公司拒绝卖车。故选B。(4)D,考查动词及语境理解。A.promise承诺；B.opinion意见;C.dream梦想；D.philosophy哲学。根据后文Thewholeprinciple可知，Brailsford与以前的教练不同的是，他的哲学是在他们所做的每一件事上都寻找一个微小的改进。故选DoA.考查动词及语境理解。A.brokedown分解；B.tookdown记下；C.putup提供；D.gaveaway泄露。根据后文whenyouputthemalltogether 可知，如果你分解你能想到的所有东西都用于骑自行车。故选A。C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.temporary临时的；C.significant显著的；D.random随机的。根据前面的improveilby1percenl可知，当你把它们放在一起时，你就会得到显著的增加。故选C。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.differences差异；B.adjuslments调节；C.programs程序；D.efforts努力。通过下文"Theyredesignedthebikeseals”以及“askedriderstowearelectricallyheatedover・shorts”可推知，此处指Brailsford和他的教练们做了一些小的调整。故选B。D.考查动词及语境理解。Attractive吸引人的；B.empty空的；C.soft柔软的；D.comfortable舒服的。句意：他们重新设计了自行车座椅，使之更舒服。通过上文"redesignedthebikeseatstomakethemmore”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们重新设计了自行车车座，使其更舒适。故选D。A.考查动词及语境理解。A.maintain维持；B.raise提高;C.reduce减少:D.discover发现。句意：他们要求骑手穿电加热的超短裤来维持理想的骑车时肌肉的温度。通过上文wearelectricallyheatedover-shorts”以及下文"idealmuscletemperalure”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们要求骑手穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度。故选A。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.monitor监控；C.manage管理；D.produce生产。句意：使用生物反馈传感器监控每个运动员如何对特定的锻炼有反应。通过上文"usedbiofeedbacksensors”以及下文"howeachathleterespondedtoaparticularworkout”可推知，此处指使用生物反馈传感器监测运动员的反应。故选B。(11)A.考查动词及语境理解。A.continued继续；B.happened发生；C.leamed学习；D.bothered困扰。根据前一句Buttheydidn'tstopthere.可知，在被忽视的地方，他们继续发现百分之一的改进。故选A。(12)A.考查名词及语境理解。A.coach教练；B.secretary秘书；C.assistant助理；D.surgeon外科医生。句意：他们雇了一名教练来教每个骑行者。通过下文"teacheachriderthebestwaytowashtheirhands”以及“catchingacold”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们为车队请了一个医生教骑手洗手，来预防感冒。故选D。B.考查名词及语境理解。A.sessions会议；B.chances可能性;C.records记录;D.reactions反应。句意：减少感冒的可能性。通过下文"thebestwaytowashtheirhandstoreduce”以及“catchingacold”可推知，教骑手洗手的最佳方法是为了降低患感冒的可能性。故选B。C考查名词及语境理解。A.tyres轮胎；B.roof屋顶；C.inside内部；D.seats座位。句意：他们把车队卡车的内部漆成白色。通过下文"affecllheperformanceofIhe (17)_tunedbikes”可推知，将卡车漆成白色是为了尽可能不影响到调校的自行车的性能，自行车应在卡车里面，所以被漆成白色的应该是卡车的内部。故选C。C.考查动词及语境理解。A.gather聚集;B.recognize识别；C.spot发现；D.send送。句意：这有助于他们发现小块的灰尘。通过上文"helpedihem”以及下文"littlebilsofdust”可推知，此处指把卡车的内部漆成白色有助于发现一些灰尘。故选C。B.考查动词及语境理解。A.surrounded包围：B.unnoticed忽视；C.removed移除；D.discovered发现。句意：通常被忽视的灰尘。通过上文"littlebitsofdustthatwouldnormallyslip”以及下文"butcouldaffecttheperformance"可推知，此处指灰尘经常不被注意到，但是它会产生影响。故选B。A.考查副词及语境理解。A.finely细微地；B.initially最初地;C.slightly轻微地；D.positively积极地。句意:但可能会影响微调自行车的性能。通过下文"tunedbikes”可推知，此处指车队的自行车经过精确地调校，所以细小的灰尘也会使其受到影响。故选Ao(18)C.考查动词及语境理解。A.tookoff离开；B.pickedup捡起；C.builtup组合；D.gotoff下车。根据后面的theresultscamefasterthananyone 可知是由于这些和其他数百个小的改进。故选C。(19)D.考查动词及语境理解。A.achieved实现；B.remembered记得；C.mentioned提及；D.imagined想象。句意：结果来得比任何人想象的都快。通过上文"theresultscamefasterthananyonecouldhave"可推知，此处指许多的小的改进累积起来，效果比任何人想象的都要好，结果出现的比任何人想象的都要快。故选D。(20)A.考查动词及语境理解。A.dominated主导；B.witnessed见证：C.celebrated庆祝：D.attended参力口。根据文章开头BritishCyclinghadrecentlyhiredDaveBrailsfordasitsnewdirector 可知，这条路是他们主导的。故选A。英国自行车协会最近聘请戴夫•布雷斯福德(DaveBrailsford)担任新总监。本文主要讲述了Brailsford在任时做的一些举措。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。.【答案】travelers'【解析】(1)travelers'.考查名词所有格。句意：然而，它值得在旅行者的地图上占有一席之地，因为它是探险家、文化爱好者和美食家的绝佳去处，而且它还提供了一个独特的机会，让人们在游客很少的地方看到更真实的中国的另一面。作定语修饰名词，表示所属关系，所以用名词所有格，traveler为可数名词，用复数名词泛指，故填travelers'n(2)offers.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，它值得在旅行者的地图上占有一席之地，因为它是探险家、文化爱好者和美食家的绝佳去处，而且它还提供了一个独特的机会，让人们在游客很少的地方看到更真实的中国的另一面。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为it,故填offersotogive.考查不定式。句意：福州人代表了中国南方的开放和友好的心态，所以他们会很高兴给你一个热情的欢迎。behappytodosth.很高兴做某事，故填togive。Located.考查过去分词。句意：福州位于闽江两岸，与台湾隔海相望，在许多方面都是中国南方首都的完美典范。locate和主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，故填Locatedoto.考查介词。句意：在市中心热闹繁忙的街道旁，你可以看到海景、山脉和历史遗迹，还有全中国最美味的食物和充满活力的夜生活。nextto靠近，为固定搭配，故填to。and.考查连词。句意：在市中心热闹繁忙的街道旁，你可以看到海景、山脉和历史遗迹，还有全中国最美味的食物和充满活力的夜生活。气候是并列关系，所以用and连接，故填and。mostdelicious.考查形容词最高级。句意：在市中心热闹繁忙的街道旁，你可以看到海景、山脉和历史遗迹，还有全中国最美味的食物和充满活力的夜生活。表示“最美味的"，所以用形容词最高级作定语修饰名词，故填mostdelicious。The.考查冠词。句意：这个地方有着奇妙的绿色公园和花园，也被称为“榕树之城",因为自宋朝以来这里种植了无数的榕树。特指前面提到的地方，所以用定冠词特指，故填The。isknown.考查时态语态。句意：这个地方有着奇妙的绿色公园和花园，也被称为"榕树之城"，因为自宋朝以来这里种植了无数的榕树。beknownas被称之为，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为单数名词，故填isknown。relaxation.考查不可数名词。句意：如果你想逃离喧闹的城市生活，福州为你提供了许多放松和冒险的地方。作介词的宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填relaxation。本文介绍了福州。介绍了它的地理位置、气候以及景点。本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。.［答案］OurschoolheldavolunteeractivitytoservethecommunitylastSaturday.AllthestudentsinGradeIparticipatedintheactivity.（参力口人员）MyclasswenttoQingyuancommunityat9：00a.m.>whereweweredividedintofivegroupstocarefortheelderlyandtellthemsomehealthknowledge.【高分句型一］Iwasingroup4whoseassignmentwastohelptheelderlycleantheirwindows.Besides,Ialsoprovidedcomputertechnical