【2022】人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结

PAGEPAGE7人教版必修一各单元知识点总结UnitOneFriendship一、重点短语gothrough经历，经受getthrough通过；完成；接通电话setdown记下，放下3.aseriesof4.onpurpose有目的的5.inorderto6.atdusk7.facetoface面对面8.fallinlove9.joinin参加（某个活动；takepartin参加（活动）join加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10.calmdown11.sufferfrom12.be/gettiredof…对…感到厌倦13.beconcernedabout14.geton/alongwellwith与…15.begoodat/dowellin于…16.findit+adj.todosth.发现做某事是…17.nolonger/not…anylonger不再…18.toomuch多（n.）muchtoo太…(adj.)19.not…until直到…20.nopleasuredoingsth做…并不开心21.makesb.sth.使某人成为…makesb.dosth.使某人做某事二、语法 直接引语和间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。例：Mr.Blacksaid,“I’mbusy.”Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思例：1.Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.2.Hesaidtome,“I’vleftmybookinyourroom.”-Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时例：“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.→Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.Theboysaid,“I’musingaknife.”→Theboysaidthathewasusingaknife.▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语thisthesenowagotodayyesterdaytomorrowthedayaftertomorrowcomeherethedaybeforeyesterday(二祈使句的变化规则

间接引语thatthosethenbefore/earlierthatdaythedaybeforethenext/followingdayIntwoday’stimegotheretwodaysbefore/earliertotell/ask/ordernot。例：Thehostesssaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”→Thehostessaskedustositdown.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.（三）疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为askasked,if/whether引导的宾语从句。例:“Doyouthinkadiarycanbecomeyourfriend?”thewritersays.→Thewriterasksusifwethinkadiarycanbecomeourfriend.2)特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变Whatdoyouwant?heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwantedUnittwo Englisharoundtheworld一、重点短语bedifferentfrom与…不同bethesameas与…一样oneanother相互，彼此（=eachother）3.officiallanguage官方语言4.attheendof 在…结束时5.becauseof 因为（后接名词或名词性短语）because因为（后接句子）6.nativespeakers7.bebasedon根据，依据8.atpresent9.especiallyspecially专门地makeuseof利用…makethebestof充分利用…alargenumberof大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）thenumberof…的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）infact=actually=asamatteroffact13.believeitornot信不信由你14.thereisnosuchthingas…没有这样的事…15.beexpectedto…被期待做某事16.playapart/rolein…在…起作用17.makelistsof…列清单included包括（前面接包括的对象）Including包括（后接包括的对象）mand+that从句（should+V原requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事request+that从句(从句用should+V原二、语法 英语中的命令（command）语气和请求(request)语气命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级例：1.“Lookattheexample”,theteachersaidtous. 2.Openthewindow!请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌例：1.“WouldyouliketoseemySheasked. 2.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?Unit3Traveljournal一、重点短语travel泛指旅行journey指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage 指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行trip常指短时间短距离的旅行tour 指周游，巡回旅游，preferto更加喜欢，宁愿preferAtoBBpreferdoingtodoing比起做…，宁愿做…prefertodoratherthando与其做…,不如…flowthrough4.eversince自从5.persuadesb.todosth.6.befondof喜欢insistondoing坚持做某事insist+that从句（should+V原）careabout关心.changemind改变想法altitudeattitude态度，看法makeupmindtodo下定决心做某事=decidetodo=makeadecisiontodogiveingiveup放弃besurprisedto对…tosurprise令某人惊讶的是…atlast=finally=intheend最终stoptodostopdoing停止做某事asusual像往常一样so…that如此…以至于…So+adj+a/an+n.+Such+a/an+adj.+n.+thatbefamiliarwith对…熟悉（人作主语）befamiliarto为…所熟悉（物作主语）二、语法:现在进行时表将来go/leave/arrive/travel/take/stay/do等.例：1.I’mcoming.我就来whatareyoudoingnextSunday?你下个星期天做什么？IhearthatyouaretravellingalongMekongRiver.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行Whereareyoustayingatnight?/Unitfour Earthquakes一、重点短语rightaway立刻，马上（=atonce=innotime）asleep睡着的；熟睡地（fallasleep入睡）sleepsleepy犯困的itseemsthat/asif看来好像…4.inruins成为废墟thenumberof的数量（谓语动词用单数）anumberof大量（谓语动词用复数）rescueworkersCometorescue7.betrapped被困howlong多长时间howoften多久，指平率howsoon还要多久（用于将来时当中，用in+时间段回答）hundredsofthousandsof10.digout挖出shake 泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”例：1.Shefelttheearthshakingunderhim.2.Shewasshakenwithquake指较强烈的震动，如地震例:ThebuildingquakedonitsfoundationTremble指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖例：SuddenlyIsawherlipsbegintotrembleandtearsbegintoflowdownhercheeks.Shiver 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦例：Asuddengustofcoldwindmademeshiver.rise(rose—risen)vi,上升；升起，无被动语态；giveriseto引起Raise（raised—raised）vt,举起；筹集；养育Arise(arose—arisen)vt,出现（常指问题或现象）injure常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害例：Hewasinjuredinacaraccident.harm 例：1.Hewasafraidthathisfurywouldharmthechild.2.Hisbusinesswasharmedforsomereason.hurt 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害例：1.Shehurtherlegwhenshefell.2.Hefelthurtatyourword.wound一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤例：Thebulletwoundedhiminthearm.bepreparedformakepreparationsfor…为…做准备inhonor向…表示敬意；为纪念Be/feelhonoredtodo做…感到很荣幸make/give/deliveraspeechopeningspeech开幕词give/provideshelterto…向…seekshelterfrom…躲避happento+n./pron.happentodosth.偶然；碰巧happen指偶然发生takeplace 指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法 定语从句概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。whom,所有格whose)；或者关系副词之间，起着连接主从句的作用。that的用法that例：1）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.指物，作主语)2）Thenoodles(that)Icookedweredelicious.(指物，作宾语)3）Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere?(指人，作主语)4）Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister,(指人，作宾语)which的用法关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语例：1）Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(作主语)2）Thefish(which)weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh.(作宾语)who，whom的用法who,whom只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语例：1）TheforeignerwhohelpedusyesterdayisfromUSA.(作主语2）ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.(作宾语)、whose在的用法whosewho的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例：1）Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.(指人，作主语)2）Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.(指物，作主语)3）HehaswrittenabookwhosenameI’veforgotten.(指物，作宾语)when的用法关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语例：1）I’llneverforgetthetimewhen(=duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.2)Doyouremembertheafternoonwhen(=onwhich)wefirstmetthreeyearsago?where在定语从句中的用法关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语例：1）Thisistheplacewhere(=at/inwhich)wefirstmet.2)Thehotelwhere(=inwhich)westayedwasn’tveryclean.why在定语从句中的用法关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语例:1).Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ileft.2).Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaslatewasthat