2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习-专题十一　推理判断

2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十一推理判断Passage1TheHearClearGoRechargeableDigitalHearingAidisapopularmemberofourrechargeablehearingaidfamilyforagoodreason:Itcombinesgreatperformancewithincrediblevalue!Thishearingaidfeaturesadvancedthird-generationdigitaltechnologyatanunbelievablyaffordableprice.TheGoispackedwiththesamekeytechnologiesthatallhigh-enddigitalhearingaidssharewhileleavingouttheextrafancybellsandwhistlesthatincreasecostsandrequireexpensiveadjustments.WiththeGo,you'llhearclearlywhilesavingalotofmoney.WiththeGo'sincludedchargingstation,youwon'thavetokeepbuyingandreplacingtinyhearingaidbatteries!You'lllovethelightweightdesign.TheGoispre-programmedformostmoderatetosignificanthearinglosses—nocostlyprofessionaladjustmentsneeded.Theyareshippeddirectlytoyouandwillhelpyouhearbetterrightoutofthebox!Youcanspendthousandsonanexpensivehearingaid,oryoucanspendjust$239onahearingaidthatisgreatformosthearinglosses(only$199eachwhenyoubuyapair-hearupto3timesbetterthanwearingjustone).Wearesosureyouwillloveyourhearingaids.Weoffera100%MoneyBackGuarantee—Risk-freeifyouarenotsatisfiedforanyreason.Nocostlyprofessionalappointmentsneeded!Withourfreetelecare,youcancallourfriendlyandcaringstafffromthecomfortandsafetyofyourhometodiscussyourhearingaidcare..WhatdoweknowabouttheGo?A.Itspriceisunbelievablylow.B.Itfeaturesfancybellsandwhistles.C.Itincludesachargingstation.D.Itneedsexpensiveprofessionaladjustments..Howmuchshouldyoupaytobuyapair?A.$239. B.$478. C.$199. D.$398..Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Aresearchpaper.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Ascientificjournal.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:应用文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨：一款数码助听器的特点、价格和售后服务。.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“WiththeGo'sincludedchargingstation,youwon'thavetokeepbuyingandreplacingtinyhearingaidbatteries!”可知,theGo包含充电站。.D细节理解题。根据第三段中“only$199eachwhenyoubuyapair一hearupto3timesbetterthanwearingjustone”可知，买一对助听器时，一只仅需要支付199美元，两只就是398美元。.A推理判断题。本文是一篇广告，可能出自杂志。Passage2Iwasalwaysareader.Asakid,Iwalkedtothelibraryseveraltimesaweekandstayeduplatereadingwithatorch.IdidmyundergraduatedegreeinEnglishandwentontogetamaster'sinliterature.WhenIcreatedmyonlineprofile,Imademyscreenname“missbibliophile”.Fillingoutthet4favoritebooks^^section,Iletmytasteinliteraturespeakforme:OneHundredYearsofSolitude,AMoveableFeast,WhiteTeeth,TheNamesake,TheKnownWorld.ButIrealizedithadbeenmorethantwoyearssinceIhadreadmostofthosetitles.Ihadstoppedreadinggradually,thewayonehealsordies.Davidwasmyonlinefriend.Hisprofilesaidhelikedtoread,soIaskedhimabouthislastbook.Hisfacelitupandhisfingersdanced.ItoldhimIonlyreadonebookthatyear."Butit'sJune.Readabook!^^hesaid.Iwaspainfullyawareoftheglaringhypocrisy（虚伪）inmylife.Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresintheageofonlineretailingandboughtbooks,andtheysatoneverysurfaceuntilmyhouseappearedtowearbooksthewayonewearsclothes.Hissuggestionof"readingabook“echoedinmyhead.Oneafternoon,IpickeduponeI'dboughtonlyforitspoetictitle.1hadahardtimegettingintoit.WheneverIwastemptedtogiveuponit,IthoughtofDavid.IpushedthroughthefirsttwochaptersanddiscoveredanewnarratorandIlovedthealternatingpointsofview.Ireadatlunchandonmywalkhome,occasionallyliftingmyeyestoavoidstrangersandtheunevenroadsurface.Istayeduplateandfinishedthebook.Ifeltgreatandproudofmyself.ThelasttimeI'dpulledanall-nightertoread,Iwas12.1felthewaspushingmetobemoreofthepersonIusedtobe..Whydidtheauthorpurposelylistmanyclassicsinherprofile?A.Toshowhertaste.B.Tolistthebooksshehadread.C.Tofillouttheform.D.Toindicateherability..HowmuchdoweknowaboutDavid?A.Heisinterestedindancing.B.Heisexcitedaboutbooks.C.HeiscuriousabouttheInternet.D.Heispatientwithstrangers..Howdidtheauthortrytoappearfondofreading?A.Byrefusingonlinebooks.B.Bydecoratingherhousewithbooks.C.Bywanderingaboutbookstores.D.Byconstantlybuyingdifferentbooks..Whydidtheauthorfeelproudofherself?A.Shestayedupallnight.B.Shefinishedreadingabook.C.Sheregainedpassionforbooks.D.Davidpushedhertoread.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:作者重获对阅读的热爱。.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Iletmytasteinliteraturespeakfbrme”可推知，作者罗列很多名著的目的是显示自己对文学的品味。.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hisprofilesaidhelikedtoread,soIaskedhimabouthislastbook.Hisfacelitupandhisfingersdanced.”可知,David是个热爱读书的人。.D细节理解题。由文章第四段中"Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresintheageofonlineretailingandboughtbooks,andtheysatoneverysurfaceuntilmyhouseappearedtowearbooksthewayonewearsclothes.”可知，作者通过买不同的书回家以显示自己似乎喜欢阅读。.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“IfelthewaspushingmetobemoreofthepersonIusedtobe.“可知，作者感到自豪,是因为重拾对读书的热爱。长难句Idefendedthevirtuesofbookstoresintheageofonlineretailingandboughtbooks,andtheysatoneverysurfaceuntilmyhouse叩pearedtowearbooksthewayonewearsclothes.在网上零售的时代,我为书店的优点辩白并买书，它们占据了每个表面，直到我的房子看起来像一个人穿着衣服一样到处摆满了书。本句为并列复合句。句中第二个and连接并列分句，在第二个分句中until引导时间状语从句,在时间状语从句中theway引导方式状语从句。Passage3Theotherday,Iwaspurchasingsomegiftsinastore.Standingatthecounterwasanelderlyladywhoimmediatelydrewmyattention.Shelookedtobeatmymother'sage.Ismiledatherwhilenoticinghershockofwhitehair,clearblueeyesbehindherglassesandthegentlesmile.Shesmiledbackandasked,"What'syourname?”Ireplied,t4Seena.What'syours?^^Heranswerwas“Whatalovelyname.MynameisRose.^^Afterputtingawayherwallet,Rosesearchedthroughherbagandwasn'thavinganeasytime.Sheaskedme,“Wouldyoumindhelpingmelookforsomethinginmybag?It*ssoheavy,andIcanneverfindanything.MRosewasmeltingmyheart.“Sure.Whatareyoulookingfbr?"Iasked.Shereplied,4tIneedtofindmytelephonebooksoIcancallataxi."Iaskedherwhereshewasgoing,andRoserespondedwith“SimpsonHouse”.Ifeltawarmconnectionwithmynewacquaintanceandsaid,“IpassrightbySimpsonHouse.I'dbehappytodriveyouhome.^^Roserespondedjokingly,"AreyousureI'magoodperson?^^Ireplied,amassureasIcanbe.Let*sgo.”WewalkedouttomycarandIopenedthedoorforher.Shesaid,'TmOKgettinginbutIneedsomehelpwiththeseatbelt.^^Itremindedmeofallthetimesmymomwaitedformyassistancetogetintomycar.WhenIwasdriving,Rosesaid,“Inallmyyears,nobodyeverofferedtogivemearide.Ifeelblessedtoknowyou.^^Rosedidmostofthetalking,andwelaughedalot.Wearrivedatherplace.Igotoutofthecartomeetheronthepassengerssideandtoopenherdoor.Shesaid,“Icangetout."Rose*spartingwordswere“IhopeIseeyouagain,“andminewere“Iwouldlikethat.^^Withawave,webothleft..WhywasRosemeltingSeena*sheart?A.Roselookedelegantandpowerful.B.Seenafelttrustedbyastranger.C.RosepraisedSeenaforthelovelyname.D.SeenawashappytobeyoungerthanRose..WhatwasRosetryingtofindinherbag?A.Herwallet. B.Hercellphone.C.Herglasses.D.Hertelephonebook..WhydidSeenamentionherownmother?A.TostressRose'spositivelife.B.Toshowherloveforhermother.C.ToimplyRosewasingreatneedofhelp.D.Toremindherselftocaremoreabouthermother..WhatkindofpersonisRose?A.Helpfulandserious.B.Honestandoptimistic.C.Considerateandambitious.D.Humorousandindependent.答案［语篇解读］ 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:Seena在商店里遇到并结识了Rose,她虽然年事已高，但有着非常积极的人生态度。1.B推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Rose融化了Seena的心是因为Rose请求Seena帮忙在包里找东西,Seena觉得自己被一个陌生人信任了。.D细节理解题。根据第四段中“IneedtofindmytelephonebooksoIcancallataxi.”可知,Rose在找她的电话本。.A推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shelookedtobeatmymother'sage.Ismiledatherwhilenoticinghershockofwhitehair,clearblueeyesbehindherglassesandthegentlesmile.”以及第五段中'TmOKgettinginbutIneedsomehelpwiththeseatbelt."和"Itremindedmeofallthetimesmymomwaitedfbrmyassistancetogetintomycar.”可推知,Seena提到和Rose年龄相仿的母亲是为了凸显Rose在这个年纪，人生态度很积极。.D推理判断题。根据第四段中“Roserespondedjokingly,4AreyousureI'magoodperson?’”以及最后一段中“Shesaid,4Icangetout」”可推知,Rose幽默且独立。Passage4Likemanyparentsworkingfromhomewhiletheirkidsarelearningremotely,we*vebeenlookingforcreativewaystoconnectwithourchildren——andnowherehasthisbeentruerthaninthekitchen.Kitchenscience,asLizHeinecke,authorofKitchenScienceLabforKidscallsit,doesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentoringredients（原料）一and,bestofall,intheeraofremoteeducation,wecancombinesciencelessonswitheverydaymealpreparations.Byhelpingwithcooking,kidscanengageinlively,project-basedlessons.Actually,eventheeasiestrecipesincludebothsimpleandcomplexscientificconcepts.Kitchenscienceisn'tjustaboutwhatwe'recooking.It'salsoaboutunderstandingwhyit'sworthtakingthetimetofigureouthowingredientsandtemperatureinteractandwhysubstancesbehavethewaytheydo.Everyoneinvolvedwilllearnsomething.Forexample,weallknowoilandwaterdon'tmixeasily,butwecanchangethisbyaddingmustard（芥末酱）totheoilandwatertomakeasaladdressing.Thisisanopportunitytoteachkidsaboutthescienceofemulsions（孚L剂）.Addinglemonjuicetoavegetablestopsthatvegetablefromturningbrown;cabbagechangescolorwhenyouaddvinegartoit.Bothofthosephenomenaaretheresultofchemicalreactions.Intheclassroom,itcanbehardtoseehowscientificconceptswillbeappliedoutsidethelab.Butwhenkidsseetheseconceptsworkintherealworld,thatsparkscuriosityandlearning.“Everytimeyoustepintoyourkitchentocook,youputsciencetowork.Infact,physicsandchemistrycomeintoplaywheneveryousteam,bake,freezeorboil.Thus,everytimeyoustepintothekitchen,it'sanopportunityfbreveryonetolearnmoreaboutscience,LizHeineckesaid..Whatareparentsexpectedtodointhekitchen?A.Askkidstocookamealontheirown.B.Doscientificexperimentsinthekitchen.C.Payattentiontocookingingredients.D.Combinescientificconceptswithrecipes..Whatdoesthefourthparagraphindicate?A.Rawmaterialsareimportantinthekitchen.B.Procedurestocookdinnermustbefollowed.C.Cookingcaninspirekids*interestinstudyingscience.D.Familyeducationismoreimportantthanschooleducation..WhatcanwelearnfromLizHeinecke*swords?A.Cookingcanbenefitbothkidsandparents.B.Parentsneedtomasterdifferentcookingskills.C.Labexperimentscanberepeatedathome.D.Schoolsshouldoffercookingcourses..Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthetext?A.Topracticehealthyeatinghabits.B.Tolearnfoodscienceoutofthelab.C.Toturnmealpreparationsintofamilylearning.D.Toteachkidssomerecipesforcookinginthekitchen.答案［语篇解读］ 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:让厨房成为孩子和父母学习更多科学知识的地方。.D推理判断题。根据第二段中“wecancombinesciencelessonswitheverydaymealpreparations...eventheeasiestrecipesincludebothsimpleandcomplexscientificcone叩ts”可推知，家长在厨房里可以将科学课程中的科学概念与日常做饭的食谱结合起来。.C推理判断题。根据第四段中“Butwhenkidsseetheseconceptsworkintherealworld,thatsparkscuriosityandlearning”可推知，第四段通过举例表明科学概念与烹饪结合可以激发孩子们学习科学的兴趣。.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thus,everytimeyoustepintothekitchen,ifsanopportunityfbreveryonetolearnmoreaboutscience”可推知，烹饪对孩子和父母来说都是学习更多科学知识的机会，孩子和父母都能获益。.C推理判断题。通读全文并结合最后一段可推知，作者想要告诉我们厨房可以成为学习更多科学知识的地方，应该把做饭变成家庭学习的机会。Passage5Whereverontheglobeshemaybe,humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarryingayellowdress."Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage,“shetellsPeople.Nyamayaro'slifepathwasn'talwayssohigh-profile.Growingup,sheassumedshe'dspendherlifecontributingtohervillage,andfarminginthefieldsliketheotherwomenaroundher.ButachanceencounterwithaUnitedNationsworkerthatcameamidaseveredroughtalteredthatpathforever.“Iwillneverforgetthatday,“Nyamayarosays."Achilddiedfromhungereveryfiveseconds,andIalmostbecameoneofthosechildren.AseveredroughthadhitourvillagewhenIturned8yearsoldandsuddenly,myparadisechangedovernightandtherewasnothingtoeatordrink.IthoughtIwasgoingtodie.Itfeltliketherewasnowayofgettingoutofthis.Butthenthisincrediblethinghappened.AnAfrican,whowasaUnitedNationshumanitarian,foundme,andgavemeabowlofporridgethatsavedmylifb."Thechanceencounterprovidedmorethanjustlifesavingnourishment-itopenedthedoorsastowhatcouldbepossibleforher,whoimmediatelysethersightsonworkingfbrtheUnitedNationsjustlikehersavior.“IthoughtIwantedtobelikeher,sothatonedayIcouldchangethelivesofothers.Tmsogratefulfbrthatmomentwhichwasverydevastating,becauseitgavemylifesomuchmeaningandpurpose.Thewomanshowedmewhatwaspossible.SometimesonemomentcanreallychangeyourentireJustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,assheknowsherstoryisnotunique..Whyisayellowdressmentionedinparagraph1?A.Itstandsforherbrightfuture.B.Ithighlightsherpersonalpreference.C.Itisrelatedtothesceneryofherhometown.D.Itistheluckycolorofherhometown..WhydidNyamayarowanttobeahumanitarian?A.Togetridofthepovertyassoonaspossible.B.Toshouldertheresponsibilityofhelpingothers.C.Toseekforchancestobroadenhermind.D.Tosetanexampletothewholecountry..WhatdoesNyamayaro*scareerstorytellus?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung..Successmeansgettingaperson'sdesiressatisfied.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Wherethere'sawillthere'saway..Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Anovel.C.Abrochure.D.Aguidebook.答案［语篇解读］ 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:人道主义者Nyamayar。小时候得到别人的帮助,这件事对她影响很大，让她下定决心以后去帮助别人。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段中“humanitarianNyamayarokeepsclosetohernativeAfricabycarryingayellowdress.4Itremindsmeofthebright,beautifulAfricanskyIusedtoseeinmysmallvillage/shetellsPeople,,可推断,Nyamayaro的黄色连衣裙能使她联想到家乡的景色。2.B推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，一个人道主义者帮助了Nyamayaro这件事让她想要去帮助别人，所以Nyamayaro想成为人道主义者去帮助别人。.D推理判断题。根据最后一段"JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesamefbrchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,assheknowsherstoryisnotunique.”和文章的描述可知Nyamayaro成为人道主义者帮助他人是因为受到帮助她的人的影响，下定决心要去做这件事，并且成功了，所以D项“有志者事竟成”是这个故事要告诉我们的道理。.A推理判断题。根据文章描述可知，本文主要讲述人道主义者Nyamayaro小时候得到别人的帮助，这件事对她影响很大，让她下定决心以后去帮助别人。这种励志故事最有可能出现在杂志上，故选A项。长难句JustastheUnitedNationsworkeropenedhereyestoopportunitiespreviouslyunknown,NyamayarohopesgirlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher,assheknowsherstoryisnotunique.正如这位联合国工作人员打开了她的眼界，让她看到了以前不知道的机会,Nyamayaro希望来自非洲的女孩也能为就像她一样在农村长大的孩子们做同样的事情,因为她知道她的故事并非独一无二。本句为主从复合句。句中第一个as引导方式状语从句,第二个as引导原因状语从句,girlsfromAfricacandothesameforchildrengrowingupinvillagesjustlikeher作动词hopes的宾语，其前省略了连词that。Passage6Ifyouweretothrowabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledrivingalongthemotorway,thatwouldbeacompletelyharmlessaction,duetothefactthatit*spartofafruit—right?Actually,no.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstobenaturallyprocessed,andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,that'sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels.Anorangepeel,aswellasacigarettebutt,hasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabananapeel,buttincanslastupto100years;andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglassbottles.Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan'tmerelymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortlengthofbiodegradingtime,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitterisdiscardedintheUKeveryday.It'snotacheaphabiteither:TokeepthestreetscleanannuallycostsUKtaxpayers£500million,andwhenyouincludethegreenspaces,thatgoesupto£1billion.So,it*snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-tippingyoucouldfacea£20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyoudisposedofsomethingdangerous,thecourtcouldgiveyoufiveyearstoserve.Regardlessofhowseverethesepunishmentsmightseem,however,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000werefoundguiltyoutof825,(X)(),sowestillhavealongwaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobeytherules..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded“inpara.1mean?A.Harmless.B.Processed.C.Thrown.D.Long-lasting..Whichofthefollowinghasthelongestbiodegradingterm?A.Glassbottles.B.Tincans.C.Cigarettebutts.D.Bananapeels.3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Theseverityofrubbishcanbemeasuredbyitslifetime.B.Quiteafewpeoplewerefoundguiltyofillegallylittering.C.EveryyearUKtaxpayersspend500millionpoundskeepingstreetsfreeofdirt.D.Cigarette-relatedlitterandpeelscanbeignoredfortheirfairlyshortlifetime.4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersofdifferentbiodegradingterms.B.Tocallforpeoplenottolitterillegally.C.Toencouragepeopletousefewerplasticbags.D.Tostresstheimportanceofgoodbehavior.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:作者呼吁人们不要乱扔垃圾。.C推测词义题。根据上文“Ifyouweretothrowabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledrivingalongthemotorway,thatwouldbeacompletelyharmlessaction,duetothefactthatit'spartofafruit-right?”中的“throw”推断出discarded表示thrown的意思。.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Anorangepeel,aswellasacigarettebutt,hasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabananapeel,buttincanslastupto10()years;andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglassbottles.”可知,glassbottles的生物降解时间最长。.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Toke印thestreetscleanannuallycostsUKtaxpayers£500million^^可知每年英国纳税人需花费五亿英镑来保持街道干净。4.B推理判断题。根据全文所述，作者的写作目的在于号召人们不要乱扔垃圾。Passage7We'veallbeenthere,whenareallyessentialitemthatyouhadtoorderonlinearrivesinsuchanunbelievableamountofpackagingthatitmakesyoufeellikeifsanunpreparedgameofpassingtheparcel.It*smadeevenworsebythefactthatsomeofthepackagingcan'tberecycled.Infact,10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear.Alotofthisendsupinlandfill,two-thirdsofwhichcouldhaveinsteadbeenrecycled.Thegoodnews,however,isthathowpackagingwasteismanagedisinforaBIGshake-upinlinewiththe“polluterpaysprinciple”.Byplacingthemainpointofdutytopayonbrandowners,theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusableasmuchaspossible.Otherwise,theywillhavetopayhigherfees.ThisisasystemknownasExtendedProducerResponsibility(EPR)—meaningthatthosewhohavecontroloverpackagingdesigndecisionswillbeencouragedtodotherightthingfortheplanetatthebeginningandconsiderwhathappensattheendofthepackaging'slifefromthestart.Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,companieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecoststoo.And,asanaddedbonus,thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory（强制性的）labellingonpackaging.Forexample,thiscouldbe“RECYCLE"or“DONOTRECYCLE^^.Ofcourse,wehopethatthe“DONOTRECYCLEMcategorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK..Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Two-thirdsofpackagingwasteisrecycled.B.Over-packagingisoftenthecaseinlife.C.Thequalityofgoodscannotbeguaranteed.D.Onlineshoppingisgettinglesspopular..Whowillberesponsibleforpayingpackagingwastecostsaccordingtothelaw?A.Designers. B.Producers.C.Customers.D.Localauthorities..WhatcantheEPRlawsleadthebrandownerstodo?A.Payhighertaxesandrecyclepackagingwaste.B.Putclearlabellingonpackagingandpromotesales.C.Cutpackagingwasteandimprovepackagingrecycling.D.Followthepackagingdesigntrendandtherightthings..Whatcanbelearnedabouttheitemsorderedonlineinthefuture?A.Theirlabellingonpackagingwillbesimpleandgenerous.B.Themajorityoftheirpackagingneedn'tberecycled.C.Theywillbeofhighqualityandinexpensive.D.They'llarriveintherightamountofrecyclablepackaging.答案［语篇解读］ 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:为应对过度包装和包装不能回收利用的问题而制定的环保政策EPR和它可能带来的影响与作用。推理判断题。根据第一段中“insuchanunbelievableamountofpackaging”和第二段中“10milliontonnesofpackagingwasteareproducedintheUKeveryyear”可推知，第一、二段告诉我们过度包装在生活中是常有的事。细节理解题。根据第三段中“inlinewiththe'polluterpaysprinciple'”和第五段中“companieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste”可知,按照新的法律，污染者,即产品生产者，将负责支付包装垃圾处理费用。.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“theywillbeencouragedtochoosemoresustainablepackagingoptionswhicharerecyclableandreusable”和最后一段中“thenewEPRlawsonpackagingwillalsomeanthatproducersarerequiredtoputclearmandatory（强制性的）labellingonpackaging”可知，新的EPR法令会促使品牌所有者减少包装浪费，改善包装回收利用状况。.D推理判断题。根据第六段中“Ofcourse,wehopethatthe'DONOTRECYCLE9categorylabellingistheminority.Itisaimedthatby2030,78%ofpackagingwillberecycledintheUK.”可推知，未来网上订购的商品将用合适数量的可回收包装打包递送。长难句Whatthismeansisthatinsteadoflocalauthoritiespickingupthebillforhouseholdwastemanagement,companieswillhavetopayformanagingyourhouseholdpackagingwaste,andtheywillbemetwiththeassociatedlittlecoststoo.这意味着，不是由地方政府来为家庭垃圾管理买单，而是公司必须为家庭包装垃圾的管理买单，并承担相关的少量费用。本句为并列复合句，句中what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句，在表语从句中连词and连接并列分句。Passage8ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayfbrthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1（PSGL-1）,whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit（抑制）theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL-1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu-anaccessory（附属）proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL-1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL-1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade（避开）them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways-especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule（分子）compoundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL-1'santi-HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugfbrpeoplewithHIV/AIDSJhesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfbrtheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement..WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL-1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL-1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL-1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL-Tsmoleculecompoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL-1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV..Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery..Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists..Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction.C.Amagazine.D.Abrochure.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质,这可能为研发抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。.D推理判断题。根据第三段中“PSGL・1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.”可知,PSGL-1具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能，展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的传染性。故PSGL-1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。.A推理判断题。根据第五段“ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithH1V/A1DS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.”可知，目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多种药物的结合，往往治标不治本，长期使用还会让人产生抗药性，远远称不上完美。.D主旨要义题。根据文章第一句中“ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection”和下文内容可知，文章大意为科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。.C推理判断题。本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质，以及其后续的研究和影响。所以本文最有可能来自杂志。Passage9InaclassicepisodeofTheSimpsons,Homer'sclassreunionendsinshamewhenoneofHomer'sguiltysecretsisexposed:henevergraduatedfromhighschool.Togethisdiploma,hemustpassasciencetest.Ashesitsdowntoretaketheexam,heholdsoneofhistrademarkdialogueswithhisbrain.UAI1right,brain.Youdon'tlikemeandIdon*tlikeyou.Butlet'sjustdothisandIcangetbacktokillingyouwithbeer.^^Manyatruewordisspokenasajoke.HomerSimpson'sEverymancharacterreallyisanEveryman.Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain'sautopilottakeover.Andnowonder.Evolutionhasblessedthehumanbrainwithallkindsofmentalshortcutsthatmakelifem