三年高考英语真题及解析

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）英语注意事项：.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。选择题答案速填]23456789101112131415BABCACBACCBACAB161718192021222324252627282930ACBACBDDBAACDCB313233343536373839404142434445DCABAEAGCDDCCBA464748495051525354555657585960CDCABDABDACBDAB第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?Inaclassroom.Inahospital.C.Inamuseum.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?Takefitnessclasses.Buyapairofgymshoes.Changehisworkschedule.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Whattodrink.Wheretomeet.Whentoleave.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Colleagues.Classmates.Strangers.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?Shemightwantaticket.Sheislookingfortheman.Shehasanextraticket.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness?10years.13years.15years.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames'situation?A.Embarrassed.B・Concerned.C.Disappointed.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo?Returntoschool.Changeherjob.Retirefromwork.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege?Oilpainting.Arthistory.Businessadministration.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision?Disapproving.Ambiguous.Understanding.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。Whatisthemandoing?Chairingameeting.Hostingaradioprogram.Conductingajobinterview.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob?A.Herwidereading.B・Herleaders*guidance.C.Herfriends'help.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext?Herteacher.Herfather.Hermother.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?A.Helacksmotivation.B・Hehasaheartproblem.C.Heworksallthetime.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?He'sanathlete.He'saresearcher.He'sajournalist.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?Toencouragetheman.Torecommendanexercise.Tosupportherfindings.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?300minutes.150minutes.75minutes.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?Theyrepairedit.Theypaintedit.Theyblockedit.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface?It*swarm.It'sbrown.It*ssmooth.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists'experiment?A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B-Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills*findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合条件）forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible：Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社区）.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15-29»returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagemantprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities（机会）ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29fbrpersonswithadisability.【语篇解读】 主题：人与自我（做人与做事）；话题：暑期工作公告。本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作者提供的面向学生的四则暑期工作公告。WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.B［细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词SummerCompany可直接定位到第二则暑期工作公告，而且浏览四则暑期工作公告可以发现，只有SummerCompany的介绍里提到了awards（奖励）以及$3,000这样的字眼，由此可知SummerCompany的特别之处在于B项“它为经营新业务提供奖励:］WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24.C.15-29. D.16-17.D［细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词StewardshipYouthRangerProgram可直接定位到第三则暑期工作公告。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知，这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁，且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁，故选D项“16至17岁”。］Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?JobsforYouth.SummerCompany.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.D［细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词thedisabled（残疾人）可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的personswithadisability,两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。这个项目对残疾人在年龄方面给予了特别照顾。］・［方法技巧I细节理解题答案与原文挂钩，可在文中找到答案，但往往与原文中的语句并不完全相同，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。在本题中，我们可以由题干中的thedisabled定位到personswithadisability9从而迅速锁定答案，提高正确率和答题效率。•［练后拾词］①deadlinen.威止日期②dependon取决于③availableadj.可获得的©hands-onadj.实际操作的•［长难句分析］Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligibleforthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.如果你是居住在该省某些地区的青少年，你就有资格参加这个项目，它提供八周的带薪就业和培训。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，从句中livingincertainpartsoftheprovince是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰ateenager。whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Ihisprogram<,BForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue»N.Y.»todayisspeechday»andrightnowit*sChrisPalaez'stum.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous.'Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...^Christripsonthe“-Id,"apronunciationdifficultyfbrmanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.44...Votefbr...me...,,Exceptfbrsomestumbles>Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes/Uttakesalotfbranystudent,“Whaleyexplains,^especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage*tofeelconfidentenoughtosay»'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.^^^Whaleygottheideaofthesecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities*“Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”【语篇解读】主题：人与自我（生活与学习）；话题：增强自信。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学教师Whaley通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信的教学实践。WhatmadeChrisnervous?Tellingastory.Makingaspeech.Takingatest.Answeringaquestion.B［细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后应到前文中找使他紧张的因素。根据第一段中的”...todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn."和"...heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.“可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris,虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。］Whatdoestheunderlinedwordfckstumbles,'inParagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.A［词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“youshould...should…''以及"…Votefoj.me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语exceptfor的语意相呼应。注意：高考阅读中的熟词生义现象非常关键，例如，如果能够注意到第二段第三句中的trips一词在此语境中的特殊意义（意为"绊倒”）则有助于快速解答此题。］WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsassessstudents*publicspeakingskillspreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsinspirestudents'loveforpoliticsA［推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.“可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。］•［易错项分析］B项颠倒是非，根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，“评估学生的公开演讲技巧”不是其目的。C、D两项曲解文意，这个项目虽然借助了“系统竞选”的形式，但文章中对其目的的描述并没有涉及“使学生为他们将来的工作作准备”以及“激发学生对政治的热爱工WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious.C.Caring. D.Demanding.C［推理判断题。文章介绍了Whaley老师通过创办“总统竞选项目“，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据第二段中的“Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport."和"...Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.”等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师。］・［方法技巧］推理判断题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过逻辑关系和细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，我们应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识进行分析、推理和判断。例如，本题我们就要根据全文主旨以及对Whaley老师的细节动作描写，并结合我们生活中具备此品质特点的人是什么样的来合理地总结推断。,［练后拾词］①stumble阮&儿（朗读或说话时）结巴；绊脚②bring...toaconclusion使 结束③immigrantn.（外来）移民©campaignn,运动，活动⑤qualityn.素质，品德・［长难句分析］Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.有一天，惠利问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远成不了总统的话就举手，于是他想到了这个二年级的总统竞选项目。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when至句末是when引导的时间状语从句，从句中又含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物量）technologies—likefingerprintscans——tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sindentities*andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword^touch^fburtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped»withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【语篇解读】主题：人与社会（科学与技术）；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?Toreducepressureonkeys.B・Toimproveaccuracyintyping.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.D［推理判断题。根据第二段第一句"ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.”以及第一段最后一句"Alpresenl,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,ihough.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develop与comeupwith是同义词,expensive与low-cost是反义词，cutthecost与low-cost相呼应。］Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A,Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B•Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C［推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能“，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。］Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?It'llbeenvironment-friendly.It'llreachconsumerssoon.It'llbemadeofplastics.Ifllhelpspeeduptyping.B［细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话"Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，答案选项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。］・［易错项分析］A项“它将是环保的”属于无中生有。C项最易误选，因为文章倒数第二句提到了ismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts（智能键盘大部分是用廉价的、塑料类的零件做成的），有些考生可能会因为文中提到了plastic一词就想当然地选C项。这是考生常犯的错误：只见树木，不见森林。D项也是无中生有，原文没有提及“提高打字速度另外注意：该题与29题都有一个特点，那就是，对题干中的关键词是否理解到位直接决定了考生能否定位到原文中的关键句子。也就是说，对29题题干中的make…possible这一结构的理解以及对30题题干中的expect这一词的理解都很关键。Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.D［文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘'’以及第二段中的''ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice...”,尤其是其中的关键词researchers»low-costdevice等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。］・［方法技巧］文章出处题是兼有主旨大意题和推理判断题特点的题型，主要考查考生根据文章前后逻辑关系和细节暗示，总结文章大意并推断文章出处的能力。这也属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。例如，本题我们就要从全文的话题以及文中的关键词researchers,low-costdevice等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。■［练后拾词］①theft〃.偷窃②gelaround克服（困难或问题）③preciselyadu.精确地，准确地©layern.层次⑤byextension引申，再则©participantn.参加者⑦commercialize0.使商业化•［长难句分析］Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit*sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.因此，这种键盘能够确定人们的身份，进而确定他们是否应该被授予权限使用所连接的计算机—不管他们是否输入了正确的密码。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whethertheyshouldbegivenaccessto至句末是whether引导的宾语从句，作determine的宾语；ifsconnectedto是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰thecomputer；whethersomeonegetsthepasswordright是whether弓I导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens»andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables*plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence：statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein^studiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,aret4mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybchavior.^^Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastlikedythemostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.ltclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment»highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion：Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes»butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes»too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,“hesaid.【语篇解读】主题：人与社会（人际沟通）；话题：青少年心理健康。本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题。该语篇视角独特，积极倡导和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely.C.Generous. D.Cool.C［推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到第一段第一句"Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes..根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。］Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theclassificationofthepopular.B・Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.A［段落大意题。根据第二段内容以及第二句的句式特点（句中有冒号），可暂时断定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分别用Thelikables'…和Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence...引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时我们发现本段第二句中的关键词o...（把……分成……）与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。］•［易错项分析］B项以偏概全，只关注了本段的一个共键词adolescenceoC项以偏概全，只关注了本段的interpersonalskillsoD项以偏概全，只关注了本段的dishonorablebehavior©这三个错误选项都没有从整体上准确概括本段的大意。WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.Theyperformedwellacademically.B［推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。］Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLastTheHighertheStatus,theBetterBetheBest—YouCanMakeItMoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessA［标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。注意A项中的benice与likability,popularity,kindness等词相呼应。beNice—YouWon'lFinishLast.从意义上类似于汉语的“与人为善，于己为善这里的finish本义是“获得（名次）；排名］・［方法技巧］标题归纳题常见干扰项类型：①以偏概全——干扰项只阐述了文章的局部信息；②断章取义——干扰项是文章中的个别信息或个别字眼，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点，比如本题的B项（status成了全文的词眼就偏了，也就错了）；③主题扩大——干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所表述的内容：④张冠李戴——命题者有意把属于A的特征改在B的身上；⑤无中生有或似是而非——有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析之后会发现这些内容与文章毫无联系，比如本题的C项（bethebest”做最好的自己''与本文词眼Hkable并不是一个概念），还有D项（self-control”自制力''属于无中生有，原文中未提及）。・［练后拾词］①status地位，身份②meanadj.刻薄的©categoryn.种类©jump-start0.启动，促进©interpersonaladj.人标的,人与人之间的©enviableadj.令人美嘉的⑦consequencen.结果•［长难句分析］Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfbrlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage.被人喜欢会为学习和各种新的人生体验创造机会，这有助于一个人获得优势。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中beingliked是动名词的被动式作主语，thathelpsomebodygainanadvantage是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experienceso第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37IftheairyouYebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities——thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing（治愈）.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.ltturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood（情绪）.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun*srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD——butstillprotectyourskin——putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.lttakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat*splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday*sworthofVitaminD.Freshaircleansourlungs.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Beinginnaturerefreshesus.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.Allacrossthecountry»recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【语篇解读】 主题：人与自我（生活）；话题：健康。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了呼吸新鲜空气和接近大自然有益于身心健康。E［关联逻辑法解题。空格前一句说我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的，空格后一句说答案是肯定的。由此可判断E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？‘'符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。］A［设题位置法解题。根据空格后的内容可知，如果人们呼吸的空气是干净的，那么空气中就充满了维持生命的、让人充满活力的氧气。如果在户外锻炼，人的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入肌肉和大脑。所以本段主要说的是呼吸新鲜空气的好处，故A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺''符合语境。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。］G［词汇锁定法解题。空格后的theseplaces与G项中的recoverycenters相呼应，因此G项“全国各地的康复中心已经开始建造康复花园''符合语境。本设空类型属于细节理解类。］C［关联逻辑法解题。空格前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，空格后一句说“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”，由此可推断出空格处应该表达置身于大自然的好处，故选C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发本设空类型为细节理解类。］D［设题位置法解题。空格后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D。这应该是呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，故D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光''符合语境，D项中的sunlight与空格后的thesun'srays相呼应。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。］・［练后拾词］①befilledwith充满 ②Itturnsoutthat...结果是 证明是 ③belikelytodosth.可能做某事©age%使变老［熟词生义］⑤absorb"吸收（液体、气体等）第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro»thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers（冰川）aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I'm44abouttheplace-otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer“naturalexperiences.However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.ThebestofaKilimanjaro50，inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53gothroughfiveecosystems（生态系统）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.ltendsabruptlyat3,000meters, 54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57：gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.【语篇解读】主题：人与自然(环境保护)；话题：乞力马扎罗山。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。该语篇能激发深入思考，关注自然和生态，探索人与自然的和谐相处之道。A.keepB.mixC.connectD・bringD［上文语境题。根据第一“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，每年大约有4万人试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以他们攀登的时候带来(bring)了很多垃圾。］A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reportersC［上文语境题。联系上文中的“about40,000people”可知，这些人群(crowds)有可能破坏这个地方的美。］A.position B.ageC.face D.nameC［上文语境题。联系上文中的“Theglaciersaredisappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改变乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。］A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazyB［下文语境题。联系下文“otherdestinationsaredescribedas"purer5naturalexperiences^^可知，其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏的报道表示怀疑(skeptical)。beskepticalabout 表示怀疑。silent沉默的：serious严肃的；crazy疯狂的。］A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocateA［下文语境题。联系下文的“muchhaschanged”可知，作者发现(discover)了乞力马扎罗山的变化。argue争论；decide决定：advocate提倡。］A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stonesC［下文语境题。联系下文中的“withtoiletsatcamps”可知，这里报道的是营地(camp)。］47.A.remote47.A.remotetall D.cleanD［上下文语境题。联系上文However(然而)及下文“withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths(营地和路边都有厕所户可推知，作者看到的是干净的(clean)山。］A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessaryC［上文语境题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是重大的(signi行cant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。］A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingawayA［上文语境题。联系前文的"withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths”可知，坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(payoff)°spreadout展开；blowup爆炸；fadeaway逐渐消失。］•［知识链接］①payoff取得成功，奏效；还清债务②payback偿还(欠款)；报复③payfor支付④payattentionto注意⑤payavisitto参观，拜访A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sightB［下文语境题。联系下文reachingthelop可知，作者认为乞力马扎罗山最好的爬山体验(experience)并不是登顶。atmosphere气氛;experiment实验；sight视线。］A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regardedD［下文语境题。联系空后的“bymanycultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)灵魂之地，beregardedas被看作是 study研究；observe观察；explore探索。］A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purposeA［上下文语境题。结合上文的“文化观”，再联系下文的“gothroughfiveecosystems^^可知，这种“经历五种生态系统”的景色(view)在乞力马扎罗山表现尤为明显。quality品质；reason原因；purpose目的。］A.scientists B.climbersC.localsD.officialsC.localsB［上文语境题。联系上文的“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统。scientist科学家；local本地人；official官员。］A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwaytoD［上文语境题。联系上文的“IlendsabrupUyal3,000melers”可知，热带雨林在3000米处突然中止，取而代之的是生长着低矮植物的土地。givewayto意为“被……代替"，符合语境。holdonto坚持；gobackto回到：liveuplo不辜负。］A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permitsA［上下文语境题。上文介绍了五种生态系统中的两种，再联系下文的“lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides”可知，在这里气候又发生了变化(change)。clear清除；improve改善：permit允许。］A.match B.imagineC.count D.addC［下文语境题。联系空后的“twelveshadesofgreen”可知，作者数出了(count)12种绿色。］A.village B.desertC.road D.lakeB［下文语境题。联系冒号后的“gravel,stonesandrocks”可知，4000米以上是荒漠(desert)o］A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.FinallyD［上下文语境题。上文介绍了从山下到山上的五个生态系统，所以这里说最后(finally)爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。obviously明显地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。］A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificialA［上文语境题。联系上文的“climbintoanarctic-likezone”可知，攀登者到了一个像北极圈的地方，所以这里是指常年积雪。permanent意为“永久的，永恒的“，符合语境。liltle少的；fresh新鲜的：arlifkial人造的。］A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquireB［下文语境题。联系下文的"Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.“可知，作者在这里进行反问：乞力马扎罗山真的应该获得(deserve)游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？］•［知识链接］deserve的用法：deserve后接不定式,若该动词表示主动意义,则用不定式的主动式，即deservetodosth.；若该动词表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。如：Thosewhoworkdeservetoeat.劳动者该得食。deservedoing(主动表被动)=deservetobedone。如：Hedeservedpunishing.=Hedeservedtobepunished.他应该受到惩罚。,［练后拾词］①attempt企图，试图；尝试②destinationn.目的地③bedescribedas被描述为 ④pureadj.纯净的；纯粹的©disturbing〃力’.令人不安的；烦扰的©significantadj.重大的⑦abruptlyad也突然地；唐突地•［长难句分析］TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效。分析：本句是由but连接的并列句。后一分句中，madebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthority是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰efforts0第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°»thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.ltisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.(poor)studied；howeve