广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全

广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月广东省成人高等教育学士学位英语词汇语法大全版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：名词&代词MaryandLinda’sbookMary’sandLinda’sbooks.人名+’s=某人的店铺，家庭，学校等地点。IusuallybuysomemeatattheJohnson’s.TheytookpartinthebirthdaypartyatTom’s.of所有格名词词组第二次出现时，用that/those代替。ThepopulationofNewYorkisgreaterthanthatofChicago.ItseemsthatthestudentsofUSAaremoreactivethanthoseofChina.用砖头建的房子比用木头建的结实。真题回顾1.IrespectOprah’sopinion,butIwouldalsolikehertorespect____.A.myownB.mine’sC.mineD.me2.____isagreatpitythattherearesomedisagreementsintheschoolboardmeeting.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.There3.WelikeourEnglishteacherbecausesheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.usB.ourC.weD.ours4.Thereare40teachersinthisschool,tenofwhomare_____.manteachersB.menteacherC.manteacherD.menteachers练习Idon’tknow_____standingoverthere.thegirl’snameB.thename’sgirlthenameofthegirlD.thename’sofgirl2.Today’slibrariesdiffergreatfrom_______.thepastB.thoseofthepastC.thatarepastD.thosepast3.Thepoliceinvestigatethe______aboutthebankrobbery.A.stander-byB.standers-byC.stander-bysD.standers-bys主谓一致１．两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．TomandDick___are____(be)goodfriends.但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。Asingeranddancer___was___(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter__is_(be)talkingtothestudents.2．用and连接的两个名词若被no,each,every,manya修饰，则谓语动词用单数。Nobirdandnobeast___is____(be)seeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirl___has__(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl___is___(be)givenapresent.3.两个主语由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor等连接时，谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致．EitherheorI___am__(be)togothere.__Are____(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?4.主语后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,__was___(be)senttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachers__is___(be)allowedtousetheroom.5．一些集合名词做主语，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的成员，谓语用复数．如audience,committee，class,crew,family,government,public等.但people,police等只能用复数．Myfamily__is___(be)abigfamily.Myfamily____are_(be)listeningtotheradio.Thepolice__are__(be)tryingtocatchthethief.6．表示时间、重量、长度等名词，尽管是复数形式，但作为一个整体看，谓语还是用单数。Fiveminutes__is__(be)enough.Onedollarandseventyeightcents_is_(be)whatshehas.7.all作为主语，代表人物时，一般用作复数；代表整个事件或情况时，一般看作单数。AllthatIwant__is___(be)agooddictionary.All___were/are___(be)silent.人人都缄口无言。万籁俱寂。All__were/are____(be)outofdanger.8．形容词加定冠词the表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。Whatalifethepoor__were__(be)living!Theyoung_are__(be)happytogivetheirseatstotheold.9．who,which,that作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.10.以-ics结尾的学科名称通常作单数.physics(物理学)、mathematics(数学)、mechanics(机械学)、politics(政治学)、statistics(统计学)、economics(经济学)等11.还有一些以-s接的单、复数同形的名词，如:headquarters(总部),means(方法、手段),series(系列),species(种类),works(工厂)等，随后动词的单、复数形式取决于这些名称是作单数，还是用作复数。Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指挥作战).Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(诉诸武力).12.如果作主语的名词词组由“分数(或百分数)+of-词组”构成，其动词形式依of-词组中名词类别而定。Oversixtypercentofthecity__was__(be)destroyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors__were____(be)women.13.如果主语是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依of-词组中的名词类别而定。例如：Mostofthemoney__was___recoveredbyDeputyPlayer.Mostofthemembers__were_____there.Allofthecargo___was___lost.Allofthecrew___were____saved.14.如果主语是由“akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof+名词”构成，动词用单数。Thiskindofmanannoysme.但若在kind/sort/type之前的限定词是these/those,同时，of-词组中的名词又是复数，则动词用复数：Thesekindsofmenannoyme.Thosetypes/sortsofmachinesareuptodate(最新的，最近的，现代的).15.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。WhowillbechosentotheBeijingisnotdecided.2).两个由and连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。例如：Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforitremainamysterytous.真题回顾1.TheeducatorandscholarfromShanghai.（2003年真题）A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming2.Manya____realizedthatthisdoesn’tmakeanysense.（2003年真题）A.personshasB.personshaveC.personhasD.personhave3.Whattheysaid_____usmuchtothinkabout.（2004年真题）A.haveleftB.hasleftC.isleftD.areleft4.Adoctor,alongwithagroupofyoungnurses,__goingtodemonstratetheheartoperationprocess.（2005年真题）A.isB.areC.willD.shall5.Neitheroftheemployeesnortheboss____satisfiedwiththeprofits.（2006年真题）A.were B.wasC.be D.been6.Thecomputer,workingveryfast,___dataatthespeedoflight.（2007年真题）handlesB.handlingC.HandledD.hashandled7.Inthefallthecattlefromthehighcountrybackdowntothefarm.（2008年真题）isdrivenB.aredrivenC.drivesD.drive8.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting______notdecidedyet.（2010年真题）isB.areC.hasD.have9.Aftercarefulinvestigationwefindthatoneofthestatements_______tobeuntrue.A.isturnedoutB.havebeenturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.haveturnedout10.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacteroftheirchildren.（2012年真题）A.haveB.hasC.havingD.had冠词1.the+adj.theunemployedthepoor/richthequestionedthestruggledthedisadvantagedtheinjuredTheinjuredweretakentohospitalfortreatment.theoldtheyoungThedisadvantaged,includingthedisabledandtheelderlyneedmorecareandsupportfromthesociety.2.零冠词的使用专有名词：TiananmenSquare节假日:NewYear’sDay,Mayday,Christmas,AprilFools’Day(中秋，端午例外)杂志：NewsWeek,Times,Reader’sDigest一年四季:spring,summer,fall/autumn,winter3.固定搭配及与冠词有关的表达使用定冠词的表达bythewayintheendinthefaceofinthefutureintheworld究竟，到底intheleast丝毫，一点Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryintheleast.我认为你一点都不用担心。ontheaverageonthecontraryontheonehand,ontheotherhandonthespot当场，在现场onthewhole总的来说thedaybeforeyesterdayforthetimebeingatthecostof以。。。为代价Moreandmorecountriesaredevelopingtheirindustriesatthecostofenvironment.totheextentof到。。。程度tellthetruth使用不定冠词的表达asamatteroffact,asarule,haveachance,haveagoodtime,haveasay,haveatry,keepaneyeon,onalargescale,inahurry,takeawalk,takeaninterestin不使用冠词的表达atnoon/night/dawn,infrontof,atbottom,inorder,inpublic/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/infashion,infact,athand,atlast,atpresent,dayandnight,ontopof,takepartin,takeplace真题回顾1、Themotheraskedtheboystoput____everythingin____orderbeforetheylefttheroom.(10)A.the,aB.an,theC./,aD./,/连词一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用——连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如：Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee

（连接词与词）您是喝茶，还是喝咖啡Dowehaveourmeetinginthemorningorintheafternoon

（连接短语与短语）我们是上午开会，还是下午开会？Doitcarefully,oryou’llmakesomemistake.（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错的。一、连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分，而只能起连接作用——连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。例如：Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee

（连接词与词）您是喝茶，还是喝咖啡Dowehaveourmeetinginthemorningorintheafternoon

（连接短语与短语）我们是上午开会，还是下午开会？Doitcarefully,oryou’llmakesomemistake.（连接句子与句子）认真地干，不然会出差错的。二、连词主要可分成两类：①并列连词:用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的词、词组、或分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：1）表示转折意思but,yet,however,nevertheless2）表示因果关系for,so,therefore,hence3）表示并列关系and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas②从属连词:是用来引起从句的，它在主句和从句中间起连接作用。具体地说，从属连词主要引起名词从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句，不会引起定语从句。1.引起名词从句的连词：that,whether,if2.引起状语从句的连词：1）时间状语从句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly2）地点状语从句：where,wherever3）原因状语从句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthat…butthat4）目的状语从句：that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase5）结果状语从句：that,so…that,such…that6）条件状语从句：if,unless,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)7）让步状语从句：though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever8）比较状语从句：than,as9）方式状语从句：as,asif,asthough真题回顾1、Westoredupsomefoodandwater____thingsgotworse.A.eventhoughB.whatifC.nowthatD.incase2.Weshouldlearnfromthislessonandconsiderthelong-terminfluenceofdams_______theshort-termbenefits.A、ratherthanB.owingtoC.becauseofD.orelse3.Herhairwasgoldenwhenshewasachild,butitwentdarker_____shegrewup.A.IfB.asC.sinceD.even4.Calltheuniversityoperator,____youwillfindthephonenumberofProfessorSmith.A.SoB.andC.whenD.before5._____itsgoodperformance,themachineistooexpensive.BesidesB.ExceptforC.InspiteofD.Apartfrom6.Youmaywriteane-mailtomeorjustphoneme._____willdo.A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.None7.Doyoulikepopmusicorcountrymusic?_____.Ionlylikesports.A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.BothItwasalreadyteno’clockintheevening_______wearrivedatthehotel.A.sinceB.whileC.thatD.when9._______achangeofweather,pleasetakethecoatwithyou.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor写作写作中常用的过渡词可以分为以下几类：（1）表并列关系的过渡词：

and,also，aswell,aswellas，or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。

（2）表递进关系的过渡词：

besides,inaddition（加之，除……之外）,moreover(此外，而且),what’smore，what’sworse等。（3）表转折对比的过渡词：

but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,notonly…butalso,theformer…thelatter,thefirst…whereasthesecond,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。（4）表原因的过渡词：

because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,forthisreason,owingto,

consideringthat,seeingthat等。（5）表结果的过渡词：

so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,hence,so…that,such…that,accordingly等。（6）表条件的过渡词：

if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。（7）表时间的过渡词：

when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。

（8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词：

first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterwards（后来）,meanwhile（几乎同时）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（终于）等。（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词：

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。（10）表进行举例说明的过渡词：

forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。（11）表陈述事实的过渡词：

infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。（12）表强调的过渡词：

certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,ofcourse,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely等。（13）表比较、对比的过渡词：like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,besimilarto,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ononehand…,ontheotherhand,otherwise等。（14）表目的的过渡词：

forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto等。（15）表总结的过渡词：

inaword(总之，简言之),ingeneral,inshort(总之),generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusioninsummary,onthewhole等。（16）表增补的过渡词：inaddition,furthermore,besides,moreover,what’smore等。数词一、基数词及其主要用法：表示数目的词称基数词。15fifteen242twohundredandforty-two，5058fivethousandandfifty-eight，9,600,000ninemillionsixhundredthousand1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。6+8=14Sixpluseightisfourteen.9-7=2Nineminussevenistwo.7X5=35Seventimesfiveisthirty-five.8÷4=2Eightdividedbyfouristwo.2．基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。Hediedinhisfifties.Thistookplacein1990s/1990's.Theprofessorbecamesuccessfulinhisthirties.3．基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。1700seventeenhundred1814eighteenfourteen9:20ninetwenty11:30eleventhirty/halfpasteleven5:45fiveforty-five/aquartertosix4．基数词可以用于编号。Numbersix,line4,page19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room1015．基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。Aone-month-oldbabycanrecognizeitsmotherbysmell.Thiseleven-month-oldbabycanspeakafewwords.(Thebabyiselevenmonthsold.)Theteacheraskedustowriteafour-thousand-wordessayasourhomework.(Therearefourthousandwordsintheessay.)Thisfour-paragraphessayistoodifficultformetounderstand.(Therearefourparagraphsinthisessay.)二、序数词及其主要用法表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twenty-first,forty-fifth等。序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。Maythefirst/thefirstofMay(5.1),Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust(8.8),thetwentiethcentury,thetwenty-firstcentury序数词在句子中前面一般加theThefirstofOctoberisourNationalDay.Shewasthethirdtoarrive.序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示"再一""又一"。They'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?Whenhesatdown,afourthmanrosetoask.三、分数词的构成分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示；若分子大于1，分母需用复数。two-thirds(2/3),one-third(1/3),nine-tenths(9/10),(5/12)five-twelfths特殊表达法有：onehalf(1/2),aquarter(1/4),threequarters(3/4)。考试重点:数词部分需特别注意dozen,hundred,million,billion表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式；表示不具体的数字时，须用dozensof,hundredsof这类的结构。Iwantthreedozeneggs/ofthese.Hehasbeentheredozensoftimes.例：Itisreportedthat_____peopleinthisareaweresavedinthestorm.A.hundredB.hundredofC.hundredsofD.somehundreds当数词与名词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。Thehomeworkforthenextperiodistowriteatwo-hundred-wordcompositionaboutyourhometown.Maryisaeleven-year-oldgirl.(Maryiselevenyearsold.)1.Itis____frommyschooltotherailwaystation.two-hourswalkB.two-hour’swalkC.two-hourwalkD.atwo-hourwalk虚拟语气例句：1.表示与现在事实相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow，Iwouldlendittoyou.IfIwereyou，Iwouldgototellhimtherealfeelinguponhim.2.表示与过去事实相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice，hewouldn'thavemadesuchabadmistake.Shewouldhavecometoenjoythepartyifshehadn'tbeenverybusy.3.表示与将来事实相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.Ifheweretobegivenanotherchancetodoitagain，hecouldcertainlyachievemore.考试可能会涉及：虚拟条件句的倒装为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：IfIhadbeeninthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.HadIbeeninthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.Shouldtherebeadrought，whatshouldwedoatthattimeIfthereshouldbeadrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime虚拟条件句中的一些含蓄表达有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：otherwise，without，butfor）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：Butforthehelpfromyou，Iwouldnothavehadthechancetogotocollege.Withoutmanyteachers’advice,Icouldnothavepassedtheexaminationsoquickly.虚拟语气在从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。一、should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：MikesuggeststhatCurieshouldleavethehouseatonce.Theleaderorderedthatthetask（should）befinishedassoonaspossible.Jackproposedthatwe（should）dealwiththeproblembytheviewofdevelopment.2.与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：Thegeneralsenttheorderthatthebattle（should）beheldonuntilthecompletefailureoftheenemy.Myproposalisthatwe（should）setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.3.在Itis/wassuggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：It'srequestedthatwe（should）keepthestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople'speacefullife.Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.虚拟语气在从句中的运用二、过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1.wish，wouldrather后的宾语从句。Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Vivianwishesshecouldgetthejobsoon.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2.Itis（about/high）timethat…句型Itistimewewentoutforawalk.Itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparetheexperiment.Itisabouttimewegaveupsearchingforthemissingdog.3.asif，asthough引导的从句。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.4.由ifonly（要是……，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！真题回顾TomSmithwishedthathisparents_____inthestrickenareawhentheearthquakeoccurred.A.werenotB.arenotC.havenotbeenD.hadnotbeenTheproposalthatbusinesscompanies_____guidedbyprofessionalsfortheirnewschemeofdevelopmentswasacceptedwithoutdisagreement.A.beB.areC.wasD.wereProfessorWangsaidthathewouldratherhisstudentJane____totheconference.A.goB.wentC.goneD.goingIfI____abookonthehabitsofmice,I’dnotstartworkingwithoutsufficientobservationonthem.A.weretowriteB.havewrittenC.writeD.amwriting_____,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthecriminalearlier.A.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeD.Didtheyreceivetheclueintime_______theinterferencefromthelocalresidents,thedelegationwouldhavecaughtthetrainboundforEdinburgh.A.DuetoB.ExceptforC.IncaseofD.ButforAlltheparticipantsbelievethatitishightimethatthetwoneighboringcountries____afreshroundofnegotiationregardingtheeconomiccooperation.A.startingB.startedC.havestartedD.beingstartingThesuggestionthatcolleges_______administratedbyprofessorswasapprovedbytheboard.A.is B.are C.be D.wereTheplayeraskedhe＿＿＿anopportunitytoexplainhiscase.A.gives B.begivenC.isgiven D.shouldgiveThenewfindingsbytheresearchcrewsuggestedthatthegovernment’shousingplans_____notpracticable.A.beB.shouldbeC.wasD.wereThechairmaninsistthatthere＿＿＿ameetingtobeheldwithintheshortestpossibletime.A.is B.willbeC.was D.beMysuggestionwasthathe______theofferassoonaspossible.A.shouldtakeB.takesC.wouldtakeD.tookIfallthepeopleintheworldspokethesamelanguage,culturalandeconomicties_____bemuchcloseramongcountriesnow.A.willB.shouldC.shallD.wouldIwishI_____inthesunbyaswimmingpoolinsteadofsittinginthisclassroom.A.havelainB.werelyingC.layD.lieItisessentialthatallthereportstobepublished_____twice.A.becheckedB.wouldbecheckedC.werecheckedD.willbechecked_____fortheirsupport,hewouldhavegonepenniless.A.IfitisnotB.IfitisC.WereitD.WereitnotIarrivedlate;I_____thetraffictobesoheavythismorning.A.wasn’texpectingB.wouldn’texpectC.haven’texpectedD.hadn’texpectedItishightimethattheinternationalcommunity______togethertofightagainstterrorism.workBworksC.workedD.workingThedemandmadebytheworkersisthattheirsalaries___tocovertheincreasedcostofliving.increasedB.beincreasedC.beincreasingD.wereincreased倒装句英语句子通常有两种语序：陈述语序、倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。学位考试考察的重点是部分倒装。部分倒装：(1)、Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时1.Onlythendidhefinditimportanttogetalongwithothers.2.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakegreatprogress.3.Onlyafterhecamebackwereyouabletoseehim.以关联连词notonly...butalso开首的句子或者分句也是如此。Notonlydidtheybreakintohisoffice,buttheyalsodestroyhiscomputer.(2)、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not,never,hardly,seldom,rarely,scarcely以及notuntil,nosooner...than,hardly...when,...no...等。1.SeldomhadIseensuchabeautifulpicture.2.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthephonerang.3.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.

4.AtnotimehaveIsaidsuchathing.Innocase_____belatefortheannualboardmeetingtobeheldnextFriday.A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.willyouD.youwillNotuntilthemid-1950s____mostautomakersbeginofferingseatbeltsasoptionalsafetyfeatures.A.didB.hadC.doD.wouldNosooner____thetopofthemountainthanitstartedrainingcatsanddogs.A.didtheclimbersreachedB.theclimbersreachedC.havetheclimbersreachedD.hadtheclimbersreached(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。1.ShouldIbefreethisafternoon,Iwouldcomeandhelpyouwithyourlesson.(future)2.WereIinyourplace.Iwouldnotbefitforyourjob.（present）3.Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboard.（past）

______,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthecriminalearlier.A.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeD.DidtheyreceivetheclueintimeAshisadvisor,Ibelievethatheisboundtoaccomplishmuchatyouruniversity＿＿hebeadmitted.A.might B.whetherC.had D.should(4)在So...that的句型中。Soexcitedwashethathecouldn't’tsayaword.Sowarmistheweatherthatwedecidetogoshopping.

ThoughIamalwaysfreeonSundays,Iseldomwatchtelevision._____.A.SodoesmysisterB.Mysisterdoesn’tC.MysisteristooD.NordoesmysisterAsamatteroffact,ourlifestylesarechangingand＿＿ourbodieschanging.A.assuchB.sosuchC.suchasD.soare注意以下考点：(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如：Hermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady,soismine.

在Soitis(was)with的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。LiPingstudieshard,sohedoes.因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。YousayTomwenttotheballyesterday.Sohedid,andsodidI.(6)当neither,nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时

“Ididn'tmeanwhatIsaid,youknow.”

“Neither(Nor)didI”.John‘snotbeentoLondon,neitherhasBen.（7）用于“形容词（或名词、动词）”+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.注:从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词____,Bobstillwentonwiththeexperiment.A.AshewastiredB.AswashetiredC.TiredashewasD.Astiredashe巧记倒装句-巧计倒装顺口溜①NB前倒后不，

②O,NU主倒从不倒，③2N前倒后也倒，④NM前后均不倒。①NB代表Notonly…，butalso…引导的并列句。notonly位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Notuntil＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：1）OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit．2）NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted．Nosooner…than…,Hardly/Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：Nosooner（Hardly）hadwereachedhomethan（when）itbegantorain．③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如：NeitherdoIknowhername，nordoeshe.④NM即Nomatter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如：Nomatterhowbusyheis，healwayscomestohelpus．练习：1.─Youlikesinginganddancing.

─.A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.IdosoD.doIso2.Hermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady.A.SomymotherisB.SoismymotherC.IsmymothersoD.Mymothersois3.Notuntilsixteentoschool.A.hewas；didhegoB.hewas；hewentC.washe；hedidgoD.washe；wenthe4.Hardlywhenitbegantorain.A.hadhegothomeB.hehadgothomeC.hadgothomeheD.hehomehadgot5.Little.A.didIthinkofitB.IthoughtofitC.didthinkIofitD.thoughtofitI6.Neverbeforeinherlifesuchbeautifulandpreciousjewelry.A.hesawB.didheseeC.hassheseenD.shehasseen7.Sobusythathehasnotimetospare.A.hewasB.washeC.heisD.ishe8.Onlyinthisway.A.wecanwelldoitB.canwewelldoitC.wecandoitwellD.canwedoitwell非谓语动词非谓语动词：不能单独作谓语的动词。动词不定式动名词分词(现在分词、过去分词)动词不定式：I.构成:肯定形式：todo否定形式：nottodoII.用法：作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语1.作主语：e.g.Tofindthosestampsisdifficult.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.注意1）通常将不定式放在后面，用“it”作形式主语放在句首。e.g.Itisdifficulttofindthosestamps.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.注意2）如果说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加“for/of+名词或人称代词宾格”，构成不定式的逻辑主语。e.g.ItwasdifficultforhimtoleaveIndiaandtogotoaforeignland.Itwasniceofyoutohelpme.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.注意3采用FOR的是与事物有关的非人称形容词。possible,impossible,important,easy,hard,useless,necessary,essential,convenient,difficult…采用OF的是与人有关的赞美，批评等品质形容词：nice,kind,wise,good,polite,right,clever,bad,wrong,cruel,stupid,foolish,impolite…2.作表语e.g.Herwishistobecomeadoctor.3.作宾语e.g.Wedecidedtodiscusstheproblematonce.Atlastshehadmanagedtogetthepaperssheneeded.4.作宾语补足语e.g.Theteacherexpectedustocarryoutthetaskaheadoftime.Iwantyoutogowithme.注意4）在make,let,have,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,等使役动词和感官动词后，宾补中的TO必须省略。Help后的TO可省可不省。e.g.Isawherwalkintoatea-shop.Letmetry.shehelpedtheoldman(to)dohishomework.5.作定语：（放在所修饰的名词或代词之后）e.g.Everystampisapicturethathasastorytotell.Isthereanythingtodrink?6.作状语e.g.Iwenttotheairporttomeetmybrother.（表目的）Theyweresurprisedtohearthenews.（表原因）Mydaughterisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.（表结果）III不定式的时态和语态。以do为例，见下表：一般式：todotobedone进行式：tobedoing完成式：tohavedonetohavebeendone1.不定式的一般式，表示与谓语动词同时的行为或谓语动词之后的行为。Iwanttotellwhathappened.2.不定式的进行式，表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Theyseemedtobequarrelling.3.不定式的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.Iamsorrytohaveinterrupte