英语音标基础学习及练习

英语音标基础学习及练习英语音标基础学习及练习英语音标基础学习及练习xxx公司英语音标基础学习及练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元音（如I/aɪ/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree/tri:/）。单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me,he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name,come等）。6、闭音节以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it,pen,pick等）。7、重读在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音）发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1.长短：/i://ɪ//ɜ://ə//ɔ://ɔ//U://ʊ/2.大小：/e//æ//ɑ://ʌ/3.I组：/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ/4.U组：/əʊ//aʊ/5.ə组：/ɪə//eə//ʊə/清辅音 /p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ//tʃ//tr//ts//h/

浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/

/ʒ//dʒ//dr/

/dz//r//m//n//ŋ/

/ǀ//w//j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化,/p//t//k/它们浊化后，分别发成:/b//d//g/二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音a/ei/nameablecaketabletakedate/æ/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry/ɑ:/dancelastpassplant/כ/wantwhatwatchwash/ə/aarrivealongalikealoude/i:/heshemeeveningmeter/e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend/i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforesti/ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind/i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero/əu/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano/כ/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop/ʌ/sonmonthmotherloveyoung/u:/whodowhoseu/ju:/useusuallyexcusemenu/ʌ/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust/u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc/k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes/s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon’tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg/ɡ/gunglassgladgoget/dʒ/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/dʒ/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelikel/l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay/l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilkn/n/noknownewhand/ŋ/thankthinkthinguncleswingp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrarys/s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass/z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelaxy/ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellowyoungyesterday/i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合

ai

/ei/

wait

paint

ay/ei/mayplaydaysay

air/εə/airhairchair

al/ɔ:/tallsmallball

ar/α:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead

②/e/headbreadready

③/iə/

theater

ear①/iə/ear

hear

near

②/εə/

bear

③/ə:/

earth

ee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeep

eir/εə/their

er①/ə/

workerteacher

②

/ə:/

her

ere①/iə/

here

②/εə/wherethereew①/ju:/new

few

②/u:/flew

grew

ight/ai/righthighbright

ir/ə:/birdgirlshirtthirty

oa/əu/boatcoat

ong/oŋ/

long

song

oo①/u/bookfootgood

②/u:/moonballoon

or①/ɔ:/shortforkport

②/ə:/wordworldwork

oor/ɔ:/door

floor

ore/ɔ:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouth

our①/ɔ:/four

your②

/auə/our

ow①/əu/bowl

window②

/au/nowcowflower

oy/oi/

boy

toy

ur/ə:/

turn（二）辅音组合

th①/θ/thank

mouth

②/δ/thisthatwithtr

/tr/treetraintruck

dr

/dr/dressdriver

sh/∫/shirtwashshort

ch①/t∫/childchaircatch

②/k/school

Christmas

③/dз/

sandwich

tw/tw/

twotwintwenty

wh①/w/whitewheelwhat

②/h/whowhosewhom

ts/ts/

jackets

kites

ds/dz/

birds

friends（三）特殊组合tion/∫n/questionnation四、单词重音（wordstress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny

['fʌnɪ]

，famous

['feməs]

由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious

[dɪ'lɪʃəs]

英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“’”表示，如about

[ə'baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody

['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary

[,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ]，grandfather

['grænd,fɑðɚ]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1./i://i//e//æ//bit//wi:k//di:l//riəl//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/pæk//gæp//træʃ//næg//ræm//bætl//sed//′hæpi//′setl//di′pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend2./a://ɔ://ɔ//u://u//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//stɔ:m//nɔ:t//fɔks//sɔk//fa://la:dʒ//ma:k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark/θɔt//prɔmis//lu:s//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./ʌ//ə//ə//dʌl//′hʌri//gʌlf//′trʌbl//ə:n//sə:f//′tə:nə//′begə//tʌk/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/kə:b//ə:k//ə′merik//′sɔkə//′kæmpə//sə′vei//pə′veid//pə′hæps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps4./ei//əu//ai//au//ɔi//keip//greit//mein//prəpəuz//′məuʃən//stəun//′əuvə//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mɔist//′ɔistə/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./iə//ɛə//uə//viə//ə′fɛə//dɛə//skɛə//buən//guəd//′ruərəl//ə′piə//kə′lʌmbiə/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6./θ//ð//mʌnθ//θi:f//ðæt//ðæn//feiθ//tə′geðə//θæŋk//ðəm′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves（二）、绕口令：Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail.AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood.Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatchWhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch

Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、笔头练习：（一）.找出画线部分读音不同的单词(

)1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach

(

)2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map

(

)3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party

(

)4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good

(

)5.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu(

)6.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot

(

)7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly

(

)8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over

(

)9.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about(

)10.A.too B．classroom C．broomD．afternoon(

)11.A.yellow B．brown C．window D．know(

)12.A．these B．they C．brother D．three(

)13.A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please(

)14.A.islandB.s