河南省焦作市普通高中2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 （ 含答案解析 ）

第22页/共22页焦作市普通高中2022—2023学年(上)高三年级期中考试英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.Thebank.B.Thehospital.C.Thetrainstation.2.Whathasthemanbeendoingrecently?A.Spendinghisholiday.B.Writinganarticle.C.Readinganovel.3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofsailingonthelake?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Frightening.4.Howdoesthemankeepintouchwithhisgrandparentsnow?A.Bytelephone.B.ByWeChat.C.Byletter.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthepostoffice.B.Onatrain.C.Intheclassroom.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个逸项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;昕完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hewilltakeatest.B.Hewillgivealecture.C.Hehasgotagoodoffer.7.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttomajorin?A.Computer.B.Literature.C.Architecture.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howdoesthewomanfeeltowardsherfather?A.Angry.B.Grateful.C.Regretful.9.Whowonthegolfgameyesterday?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman’sfather.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutpeople’susingcellphones?A.Enthusiastic.B.Worried.C.Delighted.11Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Avoidusingcellphones.B.Doresearch.C.Deliveraspeech.12.Whatwillthewomandotosolvetheproblem?A.Spendmoretimeoffline.B.Stopharmingothers.C.Advisepeopletoquitaddiction.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Neighbors.C.Teacherandstudent.14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Takingexercise.B.Goinggreen.C.Doingshopping.15.What’sthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Takingshortershowers.B.Goingtothegrocerystorelessoften.C.Usingfewerplasticbagswhenshopping.16.Howdoestheman’sbosssaveenergy?A.Byturningtosolarenergy.B.Byusinganelectriccar.C.Byridingabiketowork.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What’sthehighestearthquakelevelinJapan?A.Shindo7.B.Shindo5-upper.C.Shindo2.18.HowmanypeoplewerekilledintheGreatHanshinEarthquakeinJapan?A.6,434.B.12,000.C.16,534.19.Whichofthefollowingearthquakescausedthemostdeaths?A.The2011TohokuEarthquake.B.TheGreatHanshinEarthquake.C.TheGreatEastJapanEarthquake.20.WhatcanwelearnabouttheKantoandTokaiareas?A.Theyarerarelyhitbyearthquakes.B.Theyshouldbewellpreparedforearthquakes.C.Theyhavebeenbadlydamagedbyearthquakes.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFreemuseums?We’rein!ThesegreatNYCmuseumsofferpay-as-you-wishdays,freeentryhours/daysandothergreatstuffforlocalfamilies.AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryHometothelargestcollectionofdinosaurfossils(化石)intheworld,AMNH’sfourth-floordinohallshavebeenblowingkids’mindsfordecades.Roughly80percentofthebonesonshowwereactuallydugoutoftheground;therestweremadebyhumans.*Pay-as-you-wishavailableatticketcountersonly.NationalAirandSpaceMuseumTheNationalAirandSpaceMuseum(NASM)nowoffersaFreeFridaysseries,whereonthelastFridayofeachmonthfromApriltoSeptembervisitorscangetinforfree,5-8pm.(Generaladmissionis$33foradultsand$24forchildrenages5-12,freeforagesunder5.)BrooklynChildren’sMuseumTheBrooklynChildren’sMuseumallowskidstorevel(狂欢)inaplayspacededicatedtopromotingtheircreativity.Interactive(互动的)experiencessuchastheColorLab,after-schoolprogramsandbirthdayparlypackagesmaketheKingsCountyhotspotafavoriteamonglittleones.*Pay-as-you-wishonThursdays,2-6pmandSundays,4-7pm.Children’sMuseumoftheArtsTheChildren’sMuseumoftheArtswelcomes135,000littlevisitorseachyearthroughitsdoors.Onceinside,thewholefamilycanenjoyinteractiveprograms,exhibitionsandeventsthatcelebratethetransformativepoweroftheartsonyoungstersandgrown-upsalike.*Pay-as-you-wishonThursdays,3-6pm.1.WhatmaymakeAMNHmostattractivetokids?A.Thefavorablepolicy. B.Thedinosaurfossils.C.Thespaceprograms. D.Thequietenvironment.2.Howmuchwillacouplewiththeirkidaged4paytovisitNASMonSunday?A.Nothing. B.57dollars. C.66dollars. D.99dollars.3.Whichmuseumallowsadultstotakepartininteractiveprograms?A.BrooklynChildren’sMuseum. B.Children’sMuseumoftheArts.C.NationalAirandSpaceMuseum. D.AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四个博物馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。细节理解题。根据AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory部分中“Hometothelargestcollectionofdinosaurfossils(化石)intheworld,AMNH’sfourth-floordinohallshavebeenblowingkids’mindsfordecades.(AMNH拥有世界上最大的恐龙化石收藏，四楼的恐龙展厅几十年来一直让孩子们兴奋不已)”可知，AMNH博物馆最吸引孩子们的地方是它有大量的恐龙化石。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据NationalAirandSpaceMuseum部分中“Generaladmissionis$33foradultsand$24forchildrenages5-12，freeforagesunder5.(一般门票成人33美元，5-12岁儿童24美元，5岁以下免费)”可知，一对夫妇带着他们4岁的孩子在周日参观NASM要花：33×2+0=66美元。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Children’sMuseumoftheArts部分中“thewholefamilycanenjoyinteractiveprograms(全家人都可以享受互动节目)”可知，博物馆Children’sMuseumoftheArts的互动节目可以让大人和孩子共同参与。而其余的三个博物馆都是针对孩子们的。故选B项。BWedrovetotheNeedlesdistrictofCanyonlandsNationalPark—averyremote,dry,mountainousplaceinUtah.IwenttherewhenIwasabout10yearsold,butIcanonlyrecallcertainthings:howcolditgotthatnightaswesleptinthetent,thesmallinsectsthatcoveredthemountainbesideus,andhavingtousethebathroominanouthouse.Hugerocksarehangingdangerouslyonthejaggedmountainside,andyouknowtheyhavetofalleventually.WestoppedatNewspaperRock,aNationalHistoricSitewhereprehistoricpeoplesketcheddrawingsontosandstonefromB.C.timetoA.D.1300.Withonlyashortfencesurroundingit,itseemsunavoidablethatmodern-daypeoplewouldfeeltheurgetocarvetheirnamesintothisprecioushistoriclandmark.TheskyisthebluestIthinkI’veeverseen;it’sabeautifulbackdroptotheorangey-redcliffsliningthehorizon.Andthesilence—I’veneverexperiencedaquieterplace.WhenIfirstgotoutofthetruckatourcampsite,Istoodstillandheldmybreath,andallIcouldhearwastheringinginmyears.Inmyopinion,onlyatnightcanyouwitnessthetruebeautyoftheCanyonlands:thestars.SincetheNeedlesdistrictisanextremelydryplaceabout80milesawayfromanymajorcity’slights,itofferstheclearestviewI’veeverseenofthenightsky.Itisincrediblehowmanystarsyoucanseeoutthere.Iclimbedontopofanearbyrockformationandlayonmybackjustsoaking(沉浸)itallin.Itwaslikelookingthroughawindowstraightintotheuniverse.Iwantedtosleepoutsidebeneaththestars,butthenthetemperaturedroppedto40degreeandIdiscoveredmassiveantscrawlingontheground,soIquitthat.Thenextmorning,Idiscoveredanearbycamperpassedoutontherockformationinasleepingbag.Howhemanagedtobravethetemperaturesandtheants,Ihavenoidea.4.WhatwastheNeedlesdistrictliketotheauthorasakid?A.Fantastic. B.Dangerous. C.Dull. D.Inconvenient.5.WhatdoweknowaboutNewspaperRock?A.It’sapieceofmodemartwork. B.It’snotadequatelyprotected.C.It’sarecordofhistoricevents. D.It’sbeeninexistencefor1,300years.6.Whydidtheauthorstandstilluponarrivingattheircampsite?A.Hewastootiredtomove. B.Helosthishearingtemporarily.C.Hewasoutofbreath. D.Hewantedtofeelnatureclosely.7.WhichmayimpresstheauthormostabouttheCanyonlands?A.Itsnightsky. B.Itsmountainousscenery.C.Itshistoricsites. D.Itscampingground.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了美国峡谷地国家公园的景色和留给他的感觉。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“IwenttherewhenIwasabout10yearsold,butIcanonlyrecallcertainthings:howcolditgotthatnightaswesleptinthetent,thesmallinsectsthatcoveredthemountainbesideus,andhavingtousethebathroominanouthouse.(我大约10岁的时候去了那里，但我只能回忆起某些事情：那天晚上我们在帐篷里睡觉时，天气有多冷，我们身边满山的小虫子，以及得在户外卫生间上厕所)”推知，在作者印象中，小时候去过的这个地方很不方便。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第一句“Withonlyashortfencesurroundingit,itseemsunavoidablethatmodern-daypeoplewouldfeeltheurgetocarvetheirnamesintothisprecioushistoriclandmark.(由于周围只有一道短栅栏，现代人似乎不可避免地会有将自己的名字刻进这座珍贵的历史地标的冲动)”可知，这个地方作为历史地标人们还能乱刻乱画。由此推知，NewspaperRock并没有得到足够的保护。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“TheskyisthebluestIthinkI’veeverseen;it’sabeautifulbackdroptotheorangey-redcliffsliningthehorizon.Andthesilence—I’veneverexperiencedaquieterplace.(天空是我所见过的最蓝的；这是地平线上桔红色悬崖的美丽背景。还有沉默——我从未经历过一个更安静的地方)”可知，作者在到达这个地方时，深深感受到了自然的美，可推测他到达营地后下车驻足是为了近距离感受这种美。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Inmyopinion,onlyatnightcanyouwitnessthetruebeautyoftheCanyonlands:thestars.(在我看来，只有在夜晚，你才能看到峡谷的真正美丽：星星)”可知，作者觉得有星星的夜晚是峡谷地国家公园最美的时候。由此推知，夜晚的星空最让他印象深刻。故选A项。CKenHanes,ownerofAGLDrone(无人机)Services,wasdrivingfromColoradoSpringstoDenverwhenheturnedontheradioandlearnedthattheMayorofDenvermadeanorderclosingdownbarsandrestaurantstofightthespreadofCOVID-19.HethenlearnedthatColoradoSpringshaddeclaredastateofemergencyandthatthegovernorhadorderedstatewideclosurestolimitgroupgatherings.“BeforeCOVID-19,I’dneverheardofsocialdistancing,butit’snowpartofmydailyvocabularyandhasfoundaplaceinmydronebusiness”Hanessays.“IrealizedonthatdrivetoDenverthatIpracticesocialdistancingeverydayinmybusinessbutdidn’trealizeit.Myjoballowsmetheuniqueopportunitytoprovideinformationtomyclientswithabsolutelynoface-to-faceinteraction.IhavetheabilitytotraveltoalocationandflythedronetocollecttheinformationIneedwithouteverinterfacingwithanyone,andtheelectronicdeliverablesIprovideallowunlimiteddistributiontointerestedpartiesanywhereintheworld.”Hanesreflectsonwhatmanyinthecommercialdroneindustryhaverealized—dronesareidealforfacilitatingsocialdistancingandhavesignificantpotentialtoassistwiththepublicsafetyandeconomicimpactsofCOVID-19.AsexplainedbyLukeFox,founderandCEOofWhiteFoxDroneTechnologies,“DronesarecriticalinthefightagainstCOVID-19.Thistechnologycanworkasaforcemultipliertoensurepeoplegetmedicalsupplies,food,andotherlife-savingtasksallwhileminimizingpotentiallyinfectious(感染的)humancontact.Asdronescontinuetotaketothesky,WhiteFoxisworkingtocreateasafe,trusted,andsecureairspace.”“Therearemanyusecasesfordronesthatcanaidthenationfromdeliveringtestkitstoareasinneedtodeliveringmedicalgoodstoquarantinedindividuals,andmuchmore.Weprovideessentialservicesthatcanmitigatetheneedforextensivehumaninteractionandcanspeeduplogistics(后勤保障),couldhelppreventthespreadofthediseaseandenhanceefficienciesaspersonnelareforcedtostayhome,”Hanessays.8.Whatisthethemeofthetext?A.Thenecessityofpracticingsocialdistancing.B.TheadvantagesofdronesinfightingCOVID-19.C.ThegovernmentmeasuresinfightingCOVID-19.D.Theopportunityforthecommercialdroneindustry.9.What’sspecialaboutHanes’sjob?A.Itislimitedtoacertainlocation.B.Itrequiresmoretimeforbusinesstravel.C.Itisdonewithoutface-to-faceinteraction.D.Itismainlyfordeliveringmedicalsupplies.10.HowdoesLukeFoxfeelaboutthefutureofWhiteFox?A.Doubtful. B.Anxious. C.Confident. D.Hopeless.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Witness. B.Predict. C.Analyze. D.Reduce.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了KenHanes利用自己的无人机技术，在疫情期间实现了与公司客户的完美信息沟通，并介绍了无人机在抗疫中所具备的优势。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“IhavetheabilitytotraveltoalocationandflythedronetocollecttheinformationIneedwithouteverinterfacingwithanyone,andtheelectronicdeliverablesIprovideallowunlimiteddistributiontointerestedpartiesanywhereintheworld.(我可以前往一个地点，驾驶无人机收集我需要的信息，而无需与任何人接触，我提供的电子交付物可以无限地分发给世界上任何有兴趣的各方)”及第三段中的“Hanesreflectsonwhatmanyinthecommercialdroneindustryhaverealized—dronesareidealforfacilitatingsocialdistancingandhavesignificantpotentialtoassistwiththepublicsafetyandeconomicimpactsofCOVID-19.(哈内斯思考了商用无人机行业的许多人已经意识到的情况：无人机是促进社交距离的理想工具，在协助应对新冠肺炎的公共安全和经济影响方面具有巨大潜力)”可知，文章主要讲述了无人机在抗疫中所具备的优势。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Myjoballowsmetheuniqueopportunitytoprovideinformationtomyclientswithabsolutelynoface-to-faceinteraction.(我的工作使我有独特的机会向客户提供信息，而完全不需要面对面的交流)”可知，Hanes的无人机能够在不接触客户的情况下为他们提供所需的各种服务，即Hanes的工作不需要面对面的接触就可以完成。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Asdronescontinuetotaketothesky,WhiteFoxisworkingtocreateasafe,trusted,andsecureairspace.(随着无人机不断飞上天空，WhiteFox正在努力创造一个安全、可信和安全的空域)”可推知，LukeFox对自己公司WhiteFox的未来充满了信心。故选C。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“couldhelppreventthespreadofthediseaseandenhanceefficienciesaspersonnelareforcedtostayhome(可以加快物流，可以帮助防止疾病的传播，并在工作人员被迫呆在家里时提高效率)”可知，Hanes认为自己提供的无人机服务可以大大减少人与人大范围接触的必要性，并且可以加快物流服务。由此推知，划线词mitigate与reduce“减少”意思接近。故选D。DStreetlightscanchangetheamountandqualityofsleepthatpigeonsandmagpiesgetatnightaffectingtheirenergyinthemorning.“Oneofthemostcommonandwell-documentedthingslightpollutionseemstodoiscauseanimals,particularlybirds,tochangethetimingoftheirbehavior,”saidAnneAulsebrook,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofMelbourne.Aulsebrooksaidshechosepigeonsbecausesomuchisalreadyknownabouttheirsleepcomparedtootherbirds’,andplentyofthemareincaptivity(圈养)tostudy.Theysetupexperimentsexposingthebirdstodarknessonenight,switchingonthelightsthenextandturningthemoffthefollowingnight.“Weexpectedtoseethemsleepmoreonthefirstnight,lesswhenthelightsareonandthenrecoversomeofthesleeptheylostthenextnight,”shesaid.Usingsensorsthatrecordedbrainandmuscleactivity,theteamfoundthatthepigeonssleptabout10hourswiththelightsoff.Withthelightson,theirsleepdroppedtoaboutsixhours.Qualityofsleepwasalsoaffected.Thepigeonsdidn’tseemtorecoverfromthelossofrapid-eyemovement(REM)sleepthenightbefore,sleptlessintenselythefollowingnightandwokeupmoreoften.Comparingamber(琥珀色)lighttowhitelight,theteamfoundthetonemadenodifferenceinsleeppatterns.Then,theresearcherswantedtoseeiftheywouldseethesamepatternsinanotherspecies,sotheylookedatmagpies.Magpies’sleepwasalsoaffectedbybothwhiteandamberlight;theyfound,butthebirdsslepttwiceasmuchinamberlight.Magpiesalsoseemedtorecoveralloftheirnon-REMsleep,butnottheirREMsleep—theoppositeofthefindingsfromthepigeonexperiment.Suchspecies-specificresultscanmakemanagingforlightpollutiondifficult,Aulsebrooksaid,buttheresultsdidhaveonethingincommon:amberlightwasnevermoreharmful.“Ifwehadtochoose,I’dstillgowithwarmer,ambercolors,”shesaid.“Theothersimplersolutionistoturnthelightsoff.”12.WhatdidAulsebrook’steamwanttolearnthroughtheirexperiments?A.Thecauseofbirds’non-REMsleep.B.Thechangeofpigeons’sleeppatterns.C.Thedesignofenergy-efficientstreetlights.D.Theeffectsoflightpollutiononbirds’behavior.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheREMsleep?A.It’sakindofdeepsleep. B.It’sakindofpoor-qualitysleep.C.Itcausesbirdstolosetheirenergy. D.Ilhappensonlytobirdsincaptivity14.Howdidthemagpiesbehaveintheexperiments?A.Theystayedawakewiththelightson.B.TheyrecoveredalloftheirREMsleep.C.Theysleptmuchlongerinamberlight.D.Theywerenotaffectedbythelightsatall.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Streetlightsdrivethebirdscrazy.B.Birdsdiffergreatlyintheirsleeppatterns.C.Secretsarediscoveredaboutpigeons’sleephabits.D.Lightpollutioncanchangebirds’sleeppatterns.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是墨尔本大学的研究人员对光污染对鸟类行为的影响进行了实验研究，并有了新的发现。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Streetlightscanchangetheamountandqualityofsleepthatpigeonsandmagpiesgetatnight,affectingtheirenergyinthemorning.(路灯可以改变鸽子和喜鹊在晚上的睡眠时间和质量，影响它们在早上的精力。)”以及第二段“Oneofthemostcommonandwell-documentedthingslightpollutionseemstodoiscauseanimals,particularlybirds,tochangethetimingoftheirbehavior,”saidAnneAulsebrook,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofMelbourne.(墨尔本大学的研究人员AnneAulsebrook说：“光污染似乎导致动物，尤其是鸟类，改变了它们的行为时间，这是最常见且有充分记录的事情之一。”)”以及文章最后一段“Suchspecies-specificresultscanmakemanagingforlightpollutiondifficult,Aulsebrooksaid,buttheresultsdidhaveonethingincommon:amberlightwasnevermoreharmful.(Aulsebrook说，这种物种特异性的结果会使光污染的管理变得困难，但结果确实有一个共同点：琥珀光从来没有如此有害。)”可知研究人员们想要通过实验了解光污染对于鸟类行为的影响。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Theysetupexperimentsexposingthebirdstodarknessonenight,switchingonthelightsthenextandturningthemoffthefollowingnight.“Weexpectedtoseethemsleepmoreonthefirstnight,lesswhenthelightsareonandthenrecoversomeofthesleeptheylostthenextnight,”shesaid.(他们设置了实验，让这些鸟在一个晚上暴露在黑暗中，第二天晚上打开灯，第二天晚上关闭灯。她说：“我们希望看到他们在第一个晚上睡得更多，而在有灯的时候睡得更少，然后恢复他们在第二天晚上失去的一些睡眠，”她说”)”以及第四段中的“Qualityofsleepwasalsoaffected.Thepigeonsdidn’tseemtorecoverfromthelossofrapid-eyemovement(REM)sleepthenightbefore,sleptlessintenselythefollowingnightandwokeupmoreoften.(睡眠质量也受到了影响。鸽子似乎并没有从前一晚的快速动眼(REM)睡眠的缺失中恢复过来，第二天晚上睡眠强度较低，醒来频率更高)”可推知，REM是指鸟儿们在没有灯光的情况下的一种深度睡眠。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Magpies’sleepwasalsoaffectedbybothwhiteandamberlight;theyfound,butthebirdsslepttwiceasmuchinamberlight.Magpiesalsoseemedtorecoveralloftheirnon-REMsleep,butnottheirREMsleep—theoppositeofthefindingsfromthepigeonexperiment.(喜鹊的睡眠也受到白光和琥珀光的影响；他们发现，但这些鸟在琥珀色光线下的睡眠时间是平时的两倍。喜鹊似乎也恢复了所有的非快速眼动睡眠，但快速眼动睡眠没有恢复，这与鸽子实验的结果相反。)”可知，与鸽子相比，喜鹊在琥珀色灯光下的睡眠时间增加了两倍。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段“Streetlightscanchangetheamountandqualityofsleepthatpigeonsandmagpiesgetatnight,affectingtheirenergyinthemorning.(路灯可以改变鸽子和喜鹊在晚上的睡眠时间和质量，影响它们在早上的精力。)”以及第二段““Oneofthemostcommonandwell-documentedthingslightpollutionseemstodoiscauseanimals,particularlybirds,tochangethetimingoftheirbehavior,”saidAnneAulsebrook,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofMelbourne.(墨尔本大学的研究人员AnneAulsebrook说：“光污染似乎导致动物，尤其是鸟类，改变了它们的行为时间，这是最常见且有充分记录的事情之一。”)”是全文的主旨，文章第三、四、五段主要讲的是科学家们通过实验来研究光污染对于不同鸟类行为的影响，最后一段“Suchspecies-specificresultscanmakemanagingforlightpollutiondifficult,Aulsebrooksaid,buttheresultsdidhaveonethingincommon:amberlightwasnevermoreharmful.“Ifwehadtochoose,I’dstillgowithwarmer,ambercolors,”shesaid.“Theothersimplersolutionistoturnthelightsoff.”(Aulsebrook说，这种物种特异性的结果会使光污染的管理变得困难，但结果确实有一个共同点：琥珀光从来没有如此有害。“如果一定要选的话，我还是会选暖色调的琥珀色，”她说。“另一个更简单的解决办法是关灯。”)”对全文内容进行总结并指出相关的解决办法。所以全文都是在围绕着光污染对于鸟类睡眠行为的影响来展开，D项“Lightpollutioncanchangebirds’sleeppatterns.”作为文章的题目最合适。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。PoetryWritingTipsforBeginnersPoetryisoneoftheoldestandmostrespectedliteraryforms.Ittakesacertainstyleandskillwithwordstocreateagoodworkofpoetry.Herearesomeeasy-to-followtipsonwritingpoetry:•____16____Beforeyoustartthewritingprocess,youshouldmakesurethatyoureadasmanygreatpoemsaspossible.TakeaglanceattheworksofNeruda,Keats,Whitman,andDickinsontonameafewofthegreats.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldcopytheirworkofcourse.____17____.•ChooseaspecificthemeLikeanyothertypeofliterarywork,yourpoemwillneedaspecifictheme.Youcan’twriteapoemeffectivelyifyoudon’thaveasettheme.Athemewillgiveyourworkbothfocusandasetgoal.____18____.Itcouldbeaboutloss,love,hate,greed,etc.Yourthemecouldalsobeaboutaveryspecificeventinyourlife,suchasyourfirstloveorabrokenrelationship.•ReaditaloudDuringthewritingprocess,itisimportantthatyoucheckhowyourpoemsounds.____19____.However,itmaysoundawkwardorlackingonceyoureaditaloud.Sotakethetimetoreadyourworkaloud.Readitaloudaftereachstanza(诗节).Ifyouwanttobemorethorough,youcouldreaditaloudtofamilyandfriends.•PolishitupAfteryouhaveyourpoemcritiqued(评论),nowisthetimetopolishitup.Taketheiradviceandmakeanychangestothewordplayorwordusage.Ifyouseeanyclunkywordplayinyourwork,trytosmoothenthemout.Rememberthatpoetryshouldhaveaflow,analmostlyricalfeel.____20____.However,onceyouputthesepoetrytipsforbeginnersintopractice,you’llbeabletocreatequalitypoetryinnotime.A.FreeyourmindB.ReadgreatpoemsC.Itmayseemperfectwhenyou’rereadingitD.YourthemecanbepracticallyanythingunderthesunE.Learninghowtowritepoetrycanbeslow-goingatfirstF.ItisstillaverysatisfyingfeelingtocreategreatworksofpoetryG.Thinkofthemasreferencesthatwillexpandyourhorizonsasapoet【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.C20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者为打算学习写诗的人提供了几个好建议。【16题详解】根据下文“Beforeyoustartthewritingprocess,youshouldmakesurethatyoureadasmanygreatpoemsaspossible.(在你开始写作之前，你应该确保你读了尽可能多的好诗)”可知，这一段是建议在开始写诗前，要多读好诗。由此可知，选项B“Readgreatpoems(读好诗)”和下文一致，符合语境。故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文“Thisdoesnotmeanthatyoushouldcopytheirworkofcourse.(当然，这并不意味着你应该抄袭他们的作品)”可知，此处是建议在读优秀的诗歌，但是不要复制抄袭。由此可知，选项G“Thinkofthemasreferencesthatwillexpandyourhorizonsasapoet(把它们当作参考，可以扩展你作为诗人的视野)”指出把读过的诗当做参考，拓展视野，和下文上文一致，符合语境。故选G项。【18题详解】根据下文“Itcouldbeaboutloss,love,hate,greed,etc.Yourthemecouldalsobeaboutaveryspecificeventinyourlife,suchasyourfirstloveorabrokenrelationship.(它可能是关于失去、爱、恨、贪婪等。你的主题也可能是关于你生活中的一个非常具体的事件，比如你的初恋或破裂的关系)”可知，这一段作者建议选定主题，但是主题的范围特别广泛。由此可知，选项D“Yourthemecanbepracticallyanythingunderthesun(你的主题可以是太阳下的任何东西)”也指明主题范围很宽，和下文一致，符合语境。故选D项。【19题详解】根据下文“However,itmaysoundawkwardorlackingonceyoureaditaloud.(然而，一旦你大声朗读，它可能听起来很尴尬或缺乏什么)”可知，这一段建议写完诗后要读出来听听。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：所写的诗读起来感觉很不错。由此可知，选项C“Itmayseemperfectwhenyou’rereadingit(当你读它时，它似乎是完美的)”和下文存在转折关系，符合语境。故选C项。20题详解】根据下文“However,onceyouputthesepoetrytipsforbeginnersintopractice,you’llbeabletocreatequalitypoetryinnotime.(然而，一旦你将这些针对初学者的诗歌技巧付诸实践，你将能够在短时间内创作出高质量的诗歌)”可知，此处作者指出只要认真按照本文提供的建议学习写诗，很快就能写出好诗。且这一句话用转折副词however“然而”与上文连接，说明上文应该是指出：最开始学写诗很难很慢。选项E“Learninghowtowritepoetrycanbeslow-goingatfirst(最开始学习写诗，可能速度会很慢)”和下文形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ataconferenceheldinacross-culturalteam,someemployeeswillfeeluncomfortableintervening(介入).Meanwhile,otherswillbe____21____toparticipate.Now,whetheryou’ll____22____activelynotonlydependsonyourpersonality,butalsodependsonyour____23____patterns.AdamGoulston,theowneroftheJapanesecompanySeize,saysthathis____24____ismadeupofAsiansandWesterners.Workersfindithardto____25____duringthemeetings:Ifoundmanymemberswereunpreparedtoexpressthemselves____26____.Evenifthey____27____tobreakfreefromthetypicalmeetingsinwhichthehighest-rankingpersondoesmostofthetalkingwhileotherslisten,theywere____28____byhavingtotalk.Perhapsitwastooimpulsive(冲动的)ortheyneededmoretimetothinkandprepareanideal____29____.Thebiggerthemeeting,thegreaterthe_____30_____.”Ingeneral,whenitcomestoexpressingideasandopinions,employeesfromindividualisticcultures,likeAustraliaortheUnitedStates,_____31_____tosaytheirviewpointswithease._____32_____,workersfromhierarchical(等级的)cultures,suchasIndiaandMiddleEastcountries,are_____33_____toexpressingtheirthoughtsonlyaftertheirseniorcoworkershave_____34_____theirpointsofview.Thehierarchicalstandards_____35_____alotinSingapore,too.AccordingtoaReddituser,atthemeetingswithclients,onlyseniormanagersareallowedtospeak.Inaddition,manyChinesepeople_____36_____theruleof“thinkingbeforespeaking”,andthey’llhavetomakegood_____37_____aheadofthemeetingiftheyhavetoparticipate.Ifyouareabosswithemployeesfromindividualisticcultures,youshould_____38_____thesebarriersandovercomethem,becauseitisparticularly_____39_____ifyou’remanagingamulticulturalteam.Inthatcase,besuretohelpyouremployees_____40_____culturaldivides.21.A.happy B.hesitant C.frightened D.grateful22.A.getalong B.speakup C.carryon D.checkin23.A.mental B.technical C.cultural D.habitual24.A.team B.family C.audience D.club25.A.concentrate B.wander C.approach D.communicate26.A.impatiently B.fluently C.formally D.freely27.A.hated B.applied C.desired D.managed28.A.burdened B.promoted C.confused D.encouraged29.A.excuse B.outcome C.response D.lesson30.A.disaster B.success C.reward D.effect31.A.happen B.refuse C.tend D.pretend32.A.Instead B.Lastly C.Thus D.However33.A.addicted B.accustomed C.devoted D.related34.A.formed B.shared C.accepted D.known35.A.mean B.gain C.change D.improve36.A.follow B.doubt C.realize D.abandon37.A.explanations B.preparations C.impressions D.comments38.A.hide B.receive C.spot D.avoid39.A.unusual B.useful C.interesting D.familiar40.A.repeat B.enjoy C.defend D.bridge【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.D26.D27.C28.A29.C30.D31.C32.D33.B34.B35.A36.A37.B38.C39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。指出由于东西方文化背景的不同，导致一个团队内部在会议上参与发言的积极主动性的迥异。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，其他人很开心能够参与其中。A.happy开心的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.frightened害怕的；D.grateful感激的。根据上文“Ataconferenceheldinacross-culturalteam,someemployeeswillfeeluncomfortableintervening(介入).（在跨文化团队召开的会议上，一些员工会感到不舒服。）”可知，这与下文形成对比，其他的员工会可以参与其中。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：现在，你是否会积极发言不仅取决于你的性格，还取决于你所处的文化模式。A.getalong相处得好；B.speakup大胆地说；C.carryon继续做；D.checkin登记入住。根据下文“actively（积极地）”可知，在会议中积极，即多发表自己的观点，大胆地发声。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，你是否会积极发言不仅取决于你的性格，还取决于你所处的文化模式。A.mental精神的；B.technical技术的；C.cultural文化的；D.habitual习惯的