阅读理解专项训练2上海市2022届高考英语复习

PAGE5(A)TheNativeAmericansofnorthernCaliforniawerehighlyskilledatbasketry,usingthereeds,grasses,barks,androotstheyfoundaroundthemtofashionarticlesofallsortsandsizes--notonlytrays,containers,andcookingpots,buthats,boats,fishtraps,babycarriers,andceremonialobjects.Ofalltheseexperts,noneexcelledthePomo--agroupwholivedonornearthecoastduringthe1800s,andwhosedescendantscontinuetoliveinpartsofthesameregiontothisday.Theymadebasketsthreefeetindiameterandothersnobiggerthanathimble（顶针）.ThePomopeopleweremastersofdecoration.Someoftheirbasketswerecompletelycoveredwithshellpendants;otherswithfeathersthatmadethebaskets'surfacesassoftasthebreastsofbirds.Moreover,thePomopeoplemadeuseofmoreweavingtechniquesthandidtheirneighbors.Mostgroupsmadealltheirbasketworkbytwining-thetwistingofaflexiblehorizontalmaterial,calledaweft,aroundstifferverticalstrandsofmaterial,thewarp.Othersdependedprimarilyoncoiling--aprocessinwhichacontinuouscoilofstiffmaterialisheldinthedesiredshapewithtightwrappingofflexiblestrands.OnlythePomopeopleusedbothprocesseswithequaleaseandfrequency.Inaddition,theymadeuseoffourdistinctvariationsonthebasictwiningprocess,oftenemployingmorethanoneoftheminasinglearticle.Althoughawidevarietyofmaterialswasavailable,thePomopeopleusedonlyafew.Thewarpwasalwaysmadeofwillow,andthemostcommonlyusedweftwassedgeroot,awoodyfiberthatcouldeasilybeseparatedintostrandsnothickerthanathread.Forcolor,thePomopeopleusedthebarkofredbudfortheirtwinedworkanddyedbullrushrootforblackincoiledwork.Thoughothermaterialsweresometimesused,thesefourwerethestaplesintheirfinestbasketry.IfthebasketrymaterialsusedbythePomopeoplewerelimited,thedesignswereamazinglyvaried.EveryPomobasketmakerknewhowtoproducefromfifteentotwentydistinctpatternsthatcouldbecombinedinanumberofdifferentways.1.Theword"fashion"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.maintainB.organizeC.tradeD.create2.Whatistheauthor'smainpointinparagraph2?A.TheneighborsofthePomopeopletriedtoimproveonthePomobasketweavingtechniques.B.ThePomopeoplewerethemostskilledbasketweaversintheirregion.C.ThePomopeoplelearnedtheirbasketweavingtechniquesfromotherNativeAmericans.D.ThePomobasketshavebeenhandeddownforgenerations.3.Accordingtothepassage,therelationshipbetweenredbudandtwiningismostsimilartotherelationshipbetween_________.A.bullrushandcoilingB.weftandwarpC.willowandfeathersD.sedgeandweaving4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutPomobasketscanbebestinferredfromthepassage?A.BasketsproducedbyotherNative?AmericanswerelessvariedindesignthanthoseofthePomo.B.BasketsproducedbyPomoweaverswereprimarilyforceremonialandreligiouspurposes.C.Therewereaverylimitednumberofbasket-makingmaterialsavailabletothePomopeople.D.Thebasket-makingproductionofthePomopeoplehasbeenincreasingovertheyears.(B)Withthefragranceindustryexpectedtobeworthanenormous$92billionby2024,thereisbigmoneytobemadefromscents.Asthefashionandmarketingindustrymovesawayfromtargetingmenandwomenandontoamoreinclusive,non-genderedapproach,fragrancecompaniesaredoingtheexactsame--creatingproductsthatcanbewornhappilybyallgenders.Thesmellswe'redrawntoareinherentlyuniversal,acrossallgendersandincludingallnoses.Withthisinmind,wetestedournosesagainstthreeofthebrandsthathavemadeaplayforgenderneutrality.EccentricMoleculesTheuniquesellingpointofEccentricMoleculesisthatit'sdesignedtosmellcompletelydifferentoneverywearer,reactingwithournaturalscentstocreateauniqueblend.Withpotentialforsharingwithalovedone,theirpackagingisapracticalifalittleunromantic,simplebottle.Still,uponopeningtheirbestseller"Molecule01",thejourneybegins.Uponfirstspray,theoverwhelmingscentisofalcohol,butitsoonsettlesintoabarely-theresmellthatrecallssoftleatherandfeelssurprisinglysoothingonskin.TopScent:Molecule01,£72for100mlCleanReserveCleanReservesmellslikeitsounds--bright,freshscentsthatwouldappealtothosewhopreferlightsmell.Itisalsoperfectforkeepinginyourgymordaybagtofreshenupyourself.Packagingfeelsweightyandluxurious,withoutcompromisingsustainability--thebottleismadefromsustainability-managedforestwoodandeventhealcoholisderivedfromcorn.TopScent:Rain,£82for100mlLaboratoryPerfumesPackagedinchemistry-classbottles,thisbrand'slatestcollectionisstronglyinspiredbyBritainanditsnaturalabundanceofherbsandflowers.Whatresultsaregrown-up,powerfulscents.Ourclearfavouritesfromthecollectioncouldn'tbemoredifferent-"Samphire"isarefreshingcoastalscentmixedwithrose,while"Atlas"isastrongblendofwineandtobacco,aneasysignaturescentfordayandnightwithminimalreapplicationneeded.TopScent:Atlas,£65for100ml5.Thepurposeofparagraph1is_________.A.toanalyzehowsmellinfluenceusB.toselltheideaofnon-genderedfragranceC.toinformthereadersofalatestfashiontrendD.tojustifythedevelopmentoffragranceindustry6.ThecommonfeatureofEscentricMoleculesandCleanReserveis_________.A.practicalandsimplepackagingB.sustainablepackagingmadefromwoodC.asoftandlightscentD.smellingtotallydifferentoneveryuser7.Foracustomerwhoprefersstrongmaturesmellsthatlastsawholeday,whichproductshouldhe/shechoose?A.Molecule01B.RainC.SamphireD.Atlas(C)SomeyearsagoayoungmanappliedtoalargeUnitedStatesopticalfirmforajobasalensdesigner.Heapologizedforlackoftraining,butonannouncingthatheownedtwocopiesoftheclassicConrady'sAppliedOpticsandOpticalDesign,oneforhisofficeandasecondforhisbedsidetable,hewashiredonthespot.PerhapsthestorywillberepeatedsomedaywithBuchdahl'sIntroductiontoHamiltonianOpticsasasimilarcertificateofqualification.Hamiltoniantheorydescribeswithpowerfulgeneralitytheoverallpropertiesofopticalsystemsconsideredas'blackboxes',althoughitdoesnotdescribethedetailedstructureneededtoconstructthesystemandachievetheseproperties.Buchdahl'sbookisthereforeonthesubjectofgeometricaloptics,butitisnotabouthowtodesignlenses.Itis,however,acompactcomprehensiveaccountofthefundamentalsofthetheorywrittenwiththelensdesigner'sneedsverymuchinmind.EverylensdesignerworthhissalthasatsometimeinhiscareerattemptedtoapplythebroadconceptsofHamiltonianopticstothesolutionsofpracticalproblems.Successhasbeensufficientlyrarethatthetheory,assuch,hasmadelittledirectcontributiontotechniquesforopticalinstrumentdesign.Thefailureshavebeenfrustratingbecauseoftheobviousfundamentalpowerofthetheoryandbecauseofitsconceptualelegance.Theindirecteffectshavebeenlarge,however,bothincontributingtoanunderstandingoffundamentalprinciplesthatgoverntheoverallbehaviorofopticalsystemsandinpointingthewaytoothermorepractical,theoreticalapproaches.Buchdahlapproachesthesubjectnotonlyasacapablemathematicalphysicist,butasonewhowithaknowledgeofpracticalopticshasmadeasignificantcontributiontogeometricalopticaltheory.Buchdahl'sapproachhas,overthelastdecade,hadamajorimpactonmodernlensdesignwithcomputers.Thus,hebringstothisexpositionofHamiltonianopticsafamiliaritywithpracticalopticsnotusuallyfoundinauthorsonthissubject.Theauthorclaimshisbooktobenon-mathematical,andindeeditmightbesoviewedbyaprofessionalmathematician.Fromthepointofviewofmanyphysicistsandengineers,itwillappeartobequitemathematical.Moreover,thisisatightlywrittenbook.Thesubjectmatterisdevelopedwithprecision,andtheauthorexpectsthereader,ateverypoint,tobemasteroftheprecedingexposition.8.Hamiltoniantheorymetwithfailureasaresultof_________.A.newerfindingsrelatedtothewaveparticlenatureoflightB.verycomplicatedconceptstoodifficulttounderstandbymostlensdesignersC.toomuchmathematicaldetailinthetheoryD.notenoughpracticalinformationofferedbythetheorytoallowforusebylenscrafters9.TheauthorofthispassageimpliesthatIntroductiontoHamiltonianOpticsisnecessaryto__________.A.thestudentswhoaremajorinmathematicalgeometryB.thosewhowanttograspthebasicprinciplesofopticalsystemsC.thelensdesignerswholookforinstructionsonpracticaldesignsD.thosewhoareinterestedinphysics10.ThearticlepointsoutthatthegreatbenefitsofHamiltonianopticshavebeenfoundin__________.A.indirectwaysoflearningmathematicsB.afundamentalpowerwithinthetheoryC.theconceptualeleganceofthetheoryD.thepracticalapplicationsofthetheoryinfindingnewapproachestooldproblems11.Thispassageisprobablyexcerptedfrom_________.A.areviewofabookB.achemistrytextbookC.anoptician'sessayD.ageneralsciencetext(D)HowtoManageYourNew-YearExpectationA.Howdoyoustayinthemoment?B.Themessageis,trytodothegoodthings.C.Sofocusonthemoment,notthebigpicture.D.Dosomethingwhereyoudon'tquiteknowhowit'sgoingtoturnout.E.Areyouwonderinghowtoemotionallyprepareforthemonthsahead?F.Havingsomethingwecandecideuponandactivatecanhelprestorethatsenseofcontrol.NewYear'sEveisfastapproaching,andit'sfinallytimetoleavethewreckageof2021behind.Exceptformanypeople,itseemsasifnotmuchwillchangeexcepttheyearonthecalendar,makingthenewyearfeelaboutasmuchofarefreshasafrozenbrowser.(1)_________Here'sonepieceofadviceforyou:Stayinthemoment.Endurancesportspsychologytellsusthatthebodyiscapableoffarmorethanthebrainbelieves.IfsomeonehadtoldyouinMarchhowlongthepandemicwouldlast,wouldyouhavethoughty