初中英语 阅读理答题技巧+实例讲解 仁爱版

初中英语阅读理解题技巧一、概述

中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：

1).文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右。

2).题材广泛，包括人物传记、社会文化、文史地理、科普、新闻报道、世界大事等多方面内容。

3).体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、图表等。二、阅读理解解题步骤

1、第一步：先读题，找出考查的关键词，考点。

2、第二步：读文章,抓住四个"w"和一个"h"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把what(事件)，when（时间），where（地点），why（原因），how（经过）划出来。

3、第三步：根据题意，初选答案。4、第四步：重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。三、中考阅读理解主要考查几种能力：

1.事实细节题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。它又分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是词义转换题，答案是对原文中有关词语和句子的转换，包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。设计者往往采用了替换词汇(单词、词组或短语)、替换句型、转换表达形式等方式进行命题。解题时运用跳读查找法，同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。常用的提问句型有：1)whichofthefollowingisright?2)whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned（提到）?

3)whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthepassage?4)choosetherightorderofthispassage.5)whatdoestheauthor(作者)sayin…?6)thewritermentionedallofthefollowingexcept（除……之外）…【出题者的鬼把戏】一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思，以此来考察读者对文段中某一信息的理解。解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练掌握所学范围内的词汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。【解题技巧】1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。【实例1】……，thereare39independent(独立的)collegesatoxford,attractingstudentsandlearnedmenfromacrosstheworld.thereareover100librariesforthestudentsandlearnedmentouse.atuniversityofoxford,theyalsoprovideanumberofmoneyforthebeststudents.ofcourse,ifyouwanttostudyhere,firstyouhavetoreachacertainlevelofenglishlanguage.（根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

66.howmanylibrariesarethereatoxford?

a.only100

b.just100

c.morethan100

d.lessthan100

67.whatdoyouhavetodofirstifyouwanttoaskforstudyingatoxford?youhaveto__________.

a.beindependent

b.passacertainleveltestofenglishlanguage

c.studyenglishhard

d.bethebeststudents2.推理判断题。这类题不仅考查考生对文章中某些句子字面意思的理解，而且还考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解、对事物发展结果的推导。这方面的出题多、难度大，考生可得小心。其提问的常用方式有：1)whatdoestheauthor(作者)thinkabout…?2)whatcanbeinferred（推断出）/concludedfrom（得出结论）…?3)whatdoyouthinkof…accordingtothepassage?4)accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingisright?这类题干中通常常含有infer,suggest,conclude,purpose,belikelyto…等标志性词语。【干扰项的设置特点】在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。【答题误区】同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。【解题技巧】一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。3.词义猜测题和语义理解题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有：1)theword“

________”inthepassageprobablymeans________.

2)theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.

3)inthisstorytheunderlinedword“________”means________.4)whatdoesthewritermean（意思是）bysaying“…”?5)whatdoestheword/phrase“…”inparagraph（段落）…mean?6)whichofthefollowingcanreplace（代替）theword/phrase“…”inparagraph…?【解题技巧】1）、根据同义词猜词义。有时文章中尽管出现有生词，但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释，如利用

or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释。例如：weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8am—thisweek.2）、根据反义词猜词义。3）、根据定义猜词义。文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如thatis,mean,standfor,namely,inotherwords,tobe等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。例如：theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.4）根据对比关系猜词义。有时作者对文章中的生词给出了一定的对比背景，并且这种背景通常以反义或对照的方式出现。表示这种对比的词和短语主要有unlike,not,but,while,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrastto[with],comparedwith,usedto,ontheotherhand等。如：●heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.5）、根据因果关系或逻辑关系猜词义。有时对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断，既可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,so[such]…that等，由已知的“原因”推出“结果”，反之亦然。例1：youshouldn’treproachhimforthat,foritwasn’thisfault（错）.例2：thefirestartedonsundaymorninginthehouseoftheking’sbaker(面包师)inpuddinglane.thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.thenitspreadquicklyintothamesstreet.thatwasthebeginning.theunderlinedword“family”inthesecondparagraphmeans.a.home

b.childrenc.wifeandhusbandd.wifeandchildren6）、根据上下文猜词义（语境理解法）即根据文章的语境情景进行分析和推理，从而猜测出生词的词义。我们平时说“词不离句”，讲的就是对于词语的正确理解依赖于一定的句子(包括上下文)情景。所以同学们在猜测生词词义时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对生词进行合情合理同时又合乎上下文语境的推测。如：●thedoorwassolowthatihitmyheadonthelintel.猜词法的解题方法有很多，在这里只举了几个常见的例子来说明怎么去猜词，具体的方法还需你在实践中自己去不断的总结。【实例1】……formalsettingingermany,teachersandstudents'relationshipismoreformalthanyoumightbeusedto.teachersarerespectedandstudentsmustusetheformal"sie（德语，您）"whentalkingtoteachers.（【2011连云港】（选择型）(b)）35.inparagraph3,theunderlinedword"respected"canbebesttranslatedinto__________.

a.受人尊敬的

b.令人害怕的

c.高收入的

d.有权势的4.主旨大意题。这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。其提问的方式有：1)whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2)whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?

3)inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat______.4)thepassagetellsusthat______.

5)thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.6)thetitle（标题）ofthispassageshouldbe…7)whatisthemainideaofthispassage?8)whatdoesthewritermainlytellusinthispassage?【解题技巧】

1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。

2、寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句(往往为第一句)。英文叫“topicsentence”，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。【实例1】【2011连云港】（选择型）(b)ingermanytherearedifferentkindsofhighschools.somepreparestudentsforworkers,otherspreparethemforcollege.allschoolsaregreatplacesformakingfriendsandlearninggerman.shortdaysmosthighschoolsingermanybeginatabout8:00a.m.andendatabout3:30p.m.thismeansyourmorningwillbebusywithclasses.youwillhavetimetodohomeworkandtakepartinprivate(私人的)clubsafterschool.

formalsettingingermany,teachersandstudents'relationshipismoreformalthanyoumightbeusedto.teachersarerespectedandstudentsmustusetheformal"sie（德语，您）"whentalkingtoteachers.

gettingtoschoolmoststudentstakepublictransporttoschoolorrideabicycle.someareashaveschoolbuses.itisnotcommonforparentstodrivestudentstoschool.

privateclubs

inmanycountries,schoolsofferofficialsportsandafter-schoolactivities.thisislesscommoningermany.after-schoolactivitiesareusuallyorganizedthroughprivateclubs.thereareclubsforthingslikesoccer,dance,choir,theatreandalmosteverythingelse.onceyouareingermany,askaroundatschoolandtalktootherstudentstofindoutwhatprivateclubsareinyourareaandmeetyourinterests.

differentstates,differentschoolseachofgermany's16stateshasitsownslightlydifferentschoolsystems.theschoolsysteminbrandenburgwillbealittledifferentfromthesysteminbavariaforexample.whereyoulive,yourknowledgelevelandyouragewilldecidewhatschoolyoucanattend.36.fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatingermany_______.

a.allkindsofhighschoolsareforcollege

b.ageisnotimportantforattendingschools

c.studentscantakepartinafter-schoolactivitiesfrom8:00a.m.to3:30p.m.

d.studentscanjoinprivateclubstomeettheirinterestsbythemselves37.whatcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?

a.germanprivateclubs

b.germanpublictransport

c.germanhighschools

d.german5.观点态度题。这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问方式有：1)whatistheopinion（观点）ofthewriterinthispassage?2)whatisthewriter’sattitude（态度）towards…?3)whatisthepurpose（目的）ofthewriterinthispassage?【干扰选项】此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍种倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。【答题误区】容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。【技巧点拨】注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。【2011年河南省】a

whenmyson,mark,wasinthethirdgrade,hesavedallhispocketmoneyforoverthreemonthstobuyholidaypresents.thethirdsaturdayindecembermarksaidhehadmadehislistandhadtwentydollarsinhispocket.

idrovehimtoanearbysupermarket.markpickedupahandbasketandwentinwhileiwaitedandwatchedinthecar.ittookmarkover45minutestochoosehispresents.finallyhecametothecheckoutcounter(交款处)andreachedintohispocketforhismoney.itwasnotthere!therewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.markstoodthereholdinghisbasket,tearsfallingdownhisface.

thenasurprisingthinghappened.awomancameuptomarkandtookhiminherarms."youwouldhelpmealotifyouletmepayforyou,"saidthewoman."itwouldbethemostwonderfulgiftyoucouldgiveme.ionlyaskthatonedayyouwillpassiton.whenyougrowup,i

wouldlikeyoutofindsomeoneyoucanhelp.whenyouhelpothers,1knowyouwillfeelasgoodaboutitasidonow."

marktookthemoney,driedhistearsandranbacktothecheckoutcounterasfastashecould.thatyearweallenjoyedourgiftsalmostasmuchasmarkenjoyedgivingthemtous.

iwouldliketosay'"thankyou"tothatverykindwoman,andtellherthatfouryearslater,markwenthousetohousecollectingblankets(毯子)andclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthefire.andiwanttopromiseherthatmarkwillneverforgettokeeppassingiton.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。48.whathappenedtomarkinthesupermarket?a.hisgiftswerestolen.b.hebrokehisbasket.c.helosthismoney.d.helosthisway.49.whydidthewriterwanttosay''thankyou"tothewoman?a.becausesheboughtmarkanicepresent.b.becauseshealwayspaidmoneyforothers.c.becauseshecollectedclothesforthehomeless.d.becauseshetaughtmarktohelppeopleinneed.四、【几点注意】1、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：almosteveryonelikesthemusic.答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（trueorfalse）：everyonelikesthemusic.——该句子应该是错误的。2、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。3、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。

【实战练习】初中阅读理解专题练习（1）

everyonehasgottwopersonalities(性格)-theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.youdon'tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou'reawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourself,butwhenyou'reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.inanormalnight,ofcourse,youoftenchangeyoursleepingpositions.theimportantpositionthatbestshowsyoursecretpersonalityistheonethatyougotosleep.

ifyougotosleeponyourback,you'reaveryopenperson.younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbynewideas.youdon'tliketomakepeopleunhappy,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.you'requiteshyandyouaren'tveryconfident.

ifyousleeponyourstomach,youareapersonwholikestokeepsecrets.youworryalotandyou'realwayseasilybecomingsad.youneverwanttochangeyourideas,butyouaresatisfiedwithyourlifethewayitis.youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.

ifyousleeponcurledup(蜷缩),youareprobablyaverynervousperson.youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.you'reshyandyoudon'tusuallylikemeetingpeople.youliketobeonyourown.

ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balanced(平衡的)personality.youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.you'reusuallycareful.youhaveaconfidentpersonality.yousometimesfeelworried,butyoudon'toftengetunhappy.youalwayssaywhatyouthink,evenifitmakespeopleangry.（【2011年河南省】b）

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。(

)

51.youmayfindthepassagein________.

a.asciencemagazine b.aguidebook

c.asportsnewspaper d.astorybook

(

)52.whendoesthesleepingpositionbestshowyoursecretpersonality?

a.inthedaytime.

b.atthebeginningofsleep.

c.atnight.

d.duringthedeepsleep.

(

)53.tinahardlytellshersecretstoherfriends.sheprobablygoestosleep_____.

a.oncurledup

b.onherstomach

c.onherback

d.onherside

(

)54.whatdoestheword"defensive"meaninthepassage?

a.易怒的

b.攻击性的

c.外向的

d.有戒心的(

)

55.whatdoesthepassagetellus?

a.sleepingonyoursideisthebestwayofsleeping. b.changingpositionswillcausesleepingproblems.

c.sleepingpositionsshowpeople'ssecretpersonalities.

d.enoughsleepmakespeoplelookbetterandhealthier.

练习（2）【河北省2011】

a

reporter:howlonghaveyoubeenafirefighter?wilson:foreightyears.jpreporter:howdidyougetstarted?wilson:first,ihadtotakealotoftestsintwoweeks.then,iwenttothefirefighterschoolforfourmonths.ilearnedhowtoputoutfiresandhowtouseequipment,ialsohadafull-timetrainingeveryday!reporter:howdoyoustaysafeonthejob?wilson:iwearspecialclothing.ithelpskeepmeprotectedfromfire.ialsocarryanoxygentank(氧气瓶)andamask(面具).theyhelpmetobreatheinasmoke-filledbuilding.reporter:arethereanynewtoolsthatfirefightersuse?wilson:wehaveaspecialcamerathatcanseeinthedark.itcanfindheat.thatway,wecanexactlytelltheplaceofafire.reporter:doyousavepets?wilson:justthreedaysago,ihelpedsavesomecats.theywerehidingunderthebeds.petsusuallybideduringafirebecausetheyareafraidofdanger.reporter:doyouevergetafraid?wilson:no.thereisnotimetobeafraid.ijustthinkaboutwhattodotoputoutthefiresafely.reporter:whatdoyoulikebestaboutbeingafirefighter?

wilson:helpingpeople!(

)56.katewilsonhasdoneherjobfor____________.a.2weeks b.3days c.4months d.8years(

)57.tobecomeafirefighter,katewilson____________atfirst.a.tookalotoftests b.learnedtostaysafec.savedsomeanimals d.usedfireequipment(

)58.katewilsonsaysshedoesnotgetafraidbecause_____________.a.shehasanoxygentank b.sheknowshowtofightfiresc.sheenjoysfindingheat d.sheistoobusyputtingoutfires(

)59.asafirefighter,katewilsonlikes____________most.a.wearingamask b.askingquestionsc.helpingpeople d.hidinginsmoke(

)60.whatdidthereportermakethisinterviewfor?a.totellpeoplewhatafirefighterdoes.b.toteachpeoplehowtopreventfires.c.tomakepeoplewanttobefirefighters.d.toshowpeoplehowafirefighteristrained.练习(3)weknowthemosquitoverywell.mosquitoesflyeverywhere.theycanbefoundalmostallovertheworld,andtherearemorethan2,500kindsofthem.noonelikesthemosquito.butthemosquitomaydecidethatshelovesyou.she?yes,she.it’struethatmalemosquitodoesn’tbite(咬)andonlythefemalemosquitobitesbecausesheneedsbloodtolayeggs.sheisalwayslookingforthingsorpeopleshewantstobite.ifshelikeswhatshefinds,shebites.butifshedoesn’tlikeyourblood(血),shewillturntosomeoneelseformoredeliciousblood.nexttimeamosquitobitesyou,justrememberyouarechosen.you’redifferentfromtheothers!ifthemosquitolikesyou,shelandsonyourbodywithoutlettingyouknow.shebitesyousoquicklyandquietlythatyoumaynotfeelanythingdifferent.aftershebites,youwillhaveanitch(痒)onyourbodybecausesheputssomethingfromhermouthtogetherwithyourblood.bythetimetheitchingbegins,andshehasflownaway.andthenwhathappens?well,afterherdeliciousdinner,themosquitofeelstired.shejustwantstofindaplacetohaveagoodrest.there,onaleaforawall,shebeginstolayeggs,hundredsofeggs.()1.“mosquito”means_______inchinese.a.苍蝇 b.蜻蜓 c.跳蚤 d.蚊子()2.weknowmosquitoesverywellbecause___________.a.theycanbefoundeasily b.theyflyhereandtherec.therearemanykindsofthem d.theycanfly()3.ifthemosquitodoesn’tbiteyou,itwill________.a.getangrywithyou b.beafraidofyouc.makealotofnoise d.chooseanotherone()4.themosquitobitesyou_________.a.whenyou’reasleep b.becauseyouhavechooseitc.tooquicklytoletyouknow d.butdoesn’tlikeyou()5.whichofthefollowingsentencesiswrong?a.theitchingbeginsafterthemosquitobitesyou.b.youfeelterriblewhenthemosquitobitesyou.c.mosquitoesusebloodtolayeggs.d.allthemosquitoesdon’tliketobitepeopleforblood.

练习（4）【2011广西百色】bnews1

yuanlongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheworldfoodprizeonmonday.yuandevelopedtheworld'sfirstpopularandwidelyknownhybridrice.hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethanregularones.

news2

haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?don'tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.lastweek,chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildren'sbooksalloverthecountry.thegovernmentsaidtheresultsofthecheckwouldcomeoutattheendofjune.

news3

peoplewillseeanew"star"intheskysoon.chinaplantstosendasatelliteintospacebydecember2006.itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.itmustbeveryexpensive,right?that'sforsure;1.4billionyuan!

news4

haveyoueverthoughtofbeingabletoflyaroundtheworldinafewhours?oneday,maybeyoucan.lastsaturday,theamericanx-43aairplanemadeitsfirstflight.itreachedaspeedof8,000kilometersperhour.thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld.x-43aisonlythreetofourmeterslong,butit'sveryheavy.itweighs1,270kilograms.

(

)51.thesatellitesentbychinawillmovearound________.

a.themoon

b.theearth

c.thesun

d.themars(

)52.thespeedofthefastestplaneintheworldis______.

a.1.4kilometerspersecond

b.43kilometersperminute

c.1,270kilometersperhour

d.8,000kilometersperhour(

)53.thecheckingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren'sbookswill__________.

a.makealotofmoney

b.makethechildrensad

c.makesuretherearenomistakesinthemd.makesurethebooksarenottooexpensive(

)54.whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewstarisnottrue?

a.itwillgoaroundthemoon.

b.itwillstayinspacefortwoyears.

c.itcostsalot.

d.itwillgointospacebydecember2006.(

)55.yuanlongpingwontheworldfoodprizebecause___________.

a.helikestoeathybridrice

b.heisasuccessfulfather

c.hegrowsmorericethanothers

d.hedevelopedtheworld'sfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice

练习（5）【2011广西百色】c

earthquakesafetytips

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