“七选五”阅读的满分策略讲义-高三英语三轮复习

高考英语复习备考：“七选五”阅读的满分策略“七选五”阅读属于高考试卷阅读理解部分的第二节，本质是阅读题，但是考察的重点是对文章结构的理解。如下是高考考试说明：《高考英语科考试说明》要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。结合《考试说明》和七选五真题的分析，我们知道七选五阅读属于比较难的题型。但是，任何题型都是有其解题方法的。通过分析近几年此类题型的考点、出题位置以及文章的结构类型，总结归纳出此类题的答题方法，在这里分享给大家。试题特点从七个选项中选出五个选项填入文章对应的横向上，使文章语句通顺、结构完整、逻辑正确。考察的选项包括主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）以及注释性句子（上下文逻辑）。如果空格出现在段首，大部分时候是关于这一段的大意。这时要通读整段再选择能够体现整段意思的句子。如果空格出现在段中，这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。如果空格出现在段尾，通常是指事情的结尾或者是总结句。解题策略七选五考查的是语篇的连贯性和一致性，因此就要使用到各种达到连贯目的的各种衔接手段，即：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。1）词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例题01Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.________A.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.B.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonyourmood.C.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.试题解析：本题是选择段中句，需要与前文内容构成衔接，前文有“surroundyourselfwith...”,与C选项中的“ifyouarearoundpeopelwhoarehappy”一致。答案选D项。2)词汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。例题02______Theimageincludesthewayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.A.Alwaysloveyourself.B.Self-imageisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.C.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.试题解析：本题考察段中句，后文的“theimage”可知答案选B项。3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例题03_____Improvedthinkingabilitieswillhelpthemtounderstandmorebothinacademicsenseandinasanindividual.Alwaysloveyourself.A.Thinkingisaskill.B.Creativethinkingtechniquescandevelopchildren’smind.C.Thinkingisatool,anditissomethingthatcanbesharpened.试题解析：本题考察段中句。空后面的一句中“them”指代前文，说明前句有一个复数名词，所以选B项。4)数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。例题04AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.___1____Thetemperaturescanfallto-60℃,whichis60℃belowfreezing.Inthecapital,Ottawa,theaverageofwintertemperatureis-10℃,andinsummer21℃.___2____TheaverageJanuarytemperatureis3℃,andinJulyitis18℃.A.CanadaisfamousforthekindofpaperwhichisusedfornewspapersB.Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.C.ThewestcoastofCanadaisthewarmestplaceinwinterD.IntheNorth,thewintersarelongandhardwithsnowforsixmonths.E.FortwocenturiesEnglishandFrenchsettlersstruggledagainsteachother.试题分析：第一题选D项，第二题选C。5)逻辑关系线索(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neither…nor…,either…or…,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame…as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,itistruethat,ofcourse,although,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof(d)时间关系：afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,tostartwith，inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,tobeginwith以及一些具体的时间。例题05…______Somechooseitbecauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Otherssayitprovidesmoretimeforthefamilytobetogether.Theysayhomeoffersabetterplaceforlearning.Someparents….A.Soanumberofparentsbeganhome-schooling.B.Home-schoolingisnotacceptedbyallthepeople.C.Parentschoosehome-schoolingforseveralreasons.D.Mostoften,theirparentsaretheirteachers.试题分析：本题是基础题，一句句式“some...others...”以及第一句中的代词“it”可知选择C项。解题方法1.阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组），专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。2.阅读各个选项，尤其是选项的首句，标记关键词。3.比较并匹配上述两类关键词，确定答案。4.将确定的答案代入原文，看读起来是否通顺。做题口诀文章标题猜大意段首段尾主题句空前空后逻辑性同义举例与对比代词冠词大小写标点符号关键词相似句式或排比多个条款要对应2021年新高考I卷真题第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Overturedesporters,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously---soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.真题答案解析【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了夫妇在法国巴黎一家旅馆体验生活的经历。文章描述了夫妇入住旅馆、购买食品蔬菜、喝咖啡时的所见所闻所感。本文旨在培养学生正确的生存价值观。36.F主旨句。设空处前句提到justspentaweekinParis，后句又提到Sothefirstthingwedidwasrenta...apartment.由此可知，本句是要表达“夫妇租住的目的或目标”