2023学年完整版高中英语Module1BritishandAmericanEnglishReadi

Period1:Reading—Words,words,wordsandothersObjectivesTohelpstudentslearntocomparetextsTohelpstudentslearnsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthetextTohelpstudentsgettoknowmoreaboutBritishandAmericanEnglishFocusWordsaccent,obvious,compare,omit,variety,differ,remark,variation,switch,structure,announcement,edition,cute,add,present,refer,attempt,simplify,distinctive,look,criticize,standard,referenceExpressionshave…incommon,makeadifference,getaround,besimilarto,havedifficultyindoingsth.,leadto,infavourof,referto…as…,thankstoPatterns1.TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.2.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.3.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.4.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.AidsMultimediafacilities,tape-recorder,photos,diagramsProcedures▇WarmingupbylearningabouttheEnglishlanguageEnglishisaWestGermaniclanguagethatoriginatesfromEnglandandisspokenintheUnitedKingdom,UnitedStates,Canada,Australia,NewZealand,Ireland,SouthAfrica,andmanyothercountries.Englishisnowthethird-mostspokennativelanguageworldwide(afterChineseandHindi),withsome380millionspeakers.Ithaslinguafrancastatusinmanypartsoftheworld,duetothemilitary,economic,scientific,politicalandculturalinfluenceoftheBritishEmpireinthe18th,19thandearly20thcenturiesandthatoftheUnitedStatesfromthemid-20thcenturytothepresent.ThroughtheglobalinfluenceofnativeEnglishspeakersincinema,airlines,broadcasting,science,andtheInternetinrecentdecades,Englishisnowthemostwidelylearnedsecondlanguageintheworld.ManystudentsworldwidearerequiredtolearnsomeEnglish,andaworkingknowledgeofEnglishisrequiredinmanyfieldsandoccupations.▇BeforeyoureadBeforewetakeupthetextpleasegooverthewordlistforthismodule,payingattentiontothepronunciationoftheword,therelationshipbetweenitspronunciationanditsspelling.▇WhileyoureadWhilereadingthetexttrytocut/thesentencesintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicates,underlinetheusefulexpressionsanddarkentheconnectives.Words,words，wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferent/inmanyways.Thefirstandmostobviousway/isinthevocabulary.Therearehundredsofdifferentwords/whicharenotused/ontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareused/withadifferentmeaning.Someofthesewordsarewellknown--Americansdriveautomobiles/downfreeways/andfillup/withgas；theBritishdrivecars/alongmotorways/andfillup/withpetrol.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheunderground/inLondon/orthesubway/inNewYork,ormaybe/youwillprefertogetaroundthetown/bytaxi(British)orcab(American)．ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown．Americansuseaflashlight,while/fortheBritish，it'satorch.TheBritishqueueup;Americansstandinline.Sometimes/thesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotato/inBritain;intheStates/chipsareverythin/andaresold/inpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.Thechips/theBritishknowandlove/areFrenchfries/ontheothersideoftheAtlantic.Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferences/ingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot…？whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave…？AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,but/aBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:compareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon!).Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareas/inwhichthetwovarietiesdiffer/arespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:center,colorandprogram/insteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation/sincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilar/toBritishEnglish,canbeheard/ontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremark/thattheBritishandtheAmericans/aretwonations/dividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.But/aretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciation/withinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficulty/understandingaScotsman/fromGlasgow/thanunderstandingaNewYorker.TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethat/thetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether．Formorethanacentury/communications/acrosstheAtlantic/havedevelopedsteadily．Sincethe1980s，withsatelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasbeenpossible/tolistentoBritish/andAmericanEnglish/attheflickofaswitch．Thisnon-stopcommunication,theexpertsthink，hasmadeiteasier/forBritishPeopleandAmericans/tounderstandeachother.But/ithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwords/andstructures/passingintoBritishEnglish,sothat/somepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.However,ifyouturnonCNN，theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecasters/allspeakingwithdifferentaccents---American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest-knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborn/inHongKong,China,andgrewupspeakingChinese/andPunjabi,Thisinternationaldimensionsuggeststhatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”，notjusttwomainvarieties.But/themessageis"Don'tworry."UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother---wherevertheyare.▇AfteryoureadAfterreadingyoumaycopyalltheusefulexpressionsintoyourExpressionBookandmakeyourownsentenceswiththem.Words,words，wordsBritishandAmericanEnglish,bedifferentinmanyways,thefirstandmostobviousway,inthevocabulary,hundredsofdifferentwords,beusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,beusedwithadifferentmeaning,driveautomobilesdownfreeways,fillupwithgas,drivecarsalongmotorways,fillupwithpetrol,asatourist,usetheundergroundinLondonorthesubwayinNewYork,prefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)ChipsorFrenchfries?useaflashlight,queueup,standinline,haveaslightlydifferentmeaning,piecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain,intheStates,besoldinpackets,Frenchfries,ontheothersideoftheAtlanticHaveorhavegot?afewdifferencesingrammar,compare…with…,ontheteam,ontheweekend(American),intheteam,attheweekend(British),useprepositions,omitthemColourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.oftheAtlantic.TurnontheTVmoveclosertogether,formorethanacentury,communicationsacrosstheAtlantic,developsteadily,sincethe1980s，withsatelliteTVandtheInternet，listentoBritishandAmericanEnglish,attheflickofaswitch,non-stopcommunication,makeiteasierfor…todo…,understandeachother,leadto…,lotsofAmericanwordsandstructures,passintoBritishEnglish,turnon…,speakwithdifferentaccents,thebest-knownfaces,growupspeakingChinese,theinternationaldimension,inthefuture,twomainvarieties,usersofEnglish,understandeachotherReadingagaintotransferinformationYouaretoreadthetextonceagaintocompletethetablewithnecessaryinformationfromit.BritishandAmericanEnglishHowareBritishandAmericanEnglishdifferentinthevocabulary?Someofthesewordsarewellknown--Americansdriveautomobilesdownfreewaysandfillupwithgas；theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorwaysandfillupwithpetrol.Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown．Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish，it'satorch.TheBritishqueueup;Americansstandinline.HowareBritishandAmericanEnglishdifferentingrammar?TheBritishsayHaveyougot…？whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave…？AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:compareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).Whataboutspellingandpronunciationinwhichthetwovarietiesdiffer?Americanspellingseemssimpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.Isitrighttosaythatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether?FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily．Sincethe1980s，withsatelliteTVandtheInternet，ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishattheflickofaswitch.Thisnon-stopcommunicationhasmadeiteasierforBritishPeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.■ClosingdownbylearningaboutthelongestwordinEnglish■"Official"longestwordTheGuinnessBookofRecords,inits1992andsubsequenteditions,declaredthe"longestrealword"intheEnglishlanguagetobefloccinaucinihilipilificationat29letters.Definedastheactofestimating(something)asworthless,itsusagehasbeenrecordedasfarbackas1741.InrecenttimesitsusagehasbeenrecordedintheproceedingsoftheUnitedStatesSenatebySenatorJesseHelms,andattheWhiteHousebyBillClinton'spresssecretaryMikeMcCurry,albeitsarcastically.Itisthelongestnon-technicalwordinthefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Theacceptabilityofthe33-letteradverbialformfloccinaucinihilipilificasticallyissubjecttocontroversy.AdditionalMaterialsCompletethearticlewithonewordineachblank:BritishEnglishdifferfrom__1___Englishinmanyways.Thefirstandmostobvious__2___liesinthevocabulary.Itiseasytofindafewdifferencesin__3___,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougotapen?__4___AmericanspreferDoyouhaveapen?Thetwovarietiesdifferalsoin___5__andpronunciation.Americanspellingseems__6___whileBritishspellingseemsmorecomplicated.Someexperts__7___thatthetwovarietiesofEnglish__8___movingclosertoeachother．Someexperts__9___thinkthattheyaremovingfurtherandfurtheraway__10___eachother.Butwearetoldthat"Don'tworry."Usersof__11___throughouttheworldwillallbeabletounderstand__12___other---wherevertheyare.(key:5.spelling6.simpler7.think.are.believe11.EnglishStudythenotestothedifficultsentences:Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.薯片，比如，在英国是炽热的油炸土豆片，在美国，却成了极薄的袋装出售的薯条。piecesof是量词短语，类似的还有：apieceof,acupof,atonof,aboxof。TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.英国人用介词的地方美国人却省略不用。Where在句子中引导的是地点状语从句，它通常由where,wherever引导：WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.这种与英国英语及其相似的口音可以在美国东海岸听见。含有similar的例句有：Wehaveverysimilarinterests.Myteachingstyleissimilartothatofmostotherteachers.Thetwohousesaresimilarinsize.Thebrotherslookverysimilar.Allourpatientshavebroadlysimilarproblems.ThediseaseattackstheimmunesysteminasimilarwaytoAIDS.Stirthepaintwithapieceofwoodorsomethingsimilar.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳提出他的著名论断—英国人和美国人是由于一种共同的语言而分裂的两个民族—的时候，他心理想的显然是这种语言的差异。That引导的是同位语从句。同位语从句中的that并不是从句结构中的一个成分，而是一个连接词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，但一般不能省略。在形容词从句中that是一个关系代词，在从句中充当一定的成分，并有相关的词义。例如：--Thenewsthatappearedinthepapersthismorningwaswellreceived.（that指news，在从句中做主语。）；--Thenewsthattheteamhaswoncallsforacelebration.（同位语从句中that只起引入从句的作用。）。用在同位语从句前的先行词通常是一个概括性抽象名词:answer，appeal，belief，conclusion，decision，discovery，fact，idea，message，news，promise，proposal，question,remark，reply，report，saying，statement，thought，understanding，truth。例如：--Thefactthathewrotealettertohersuggeststhatheknewher.--Thebeliefthatnooneisinfallibleiswell-grounded.--Iagreewiththeoldsayingthatabsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.同位语从句和先行词之间的关系也相当于系动词，可以用be把它和主要名词词组连接起来。以上面的三句为例：--Thefactisthathewrotealettertoher.--Thebeliefisthatnooneisinfallible.--Theoldsayingisthatabsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.带有that-分句作同位语的句子，如果谓语动词及其补足成分较短或同位的主要名词词组带有其他修饰语，则that-分句可与该主要名词词组分隔。例如：--Thefactremainsthatthereisnofillingstationhere.--Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathecouldgoblind.--AbrahamLincolnisthemostfamousinstanceoftheclaimthatAmericansoftenmadethatintheircountryamanmayrisefromthelowesttothehighestposition.that既可以用在非限制性同位语从句中，也可以用在限制性同位语从句中。--Theuglyfactthathewasholdingagunindicatedhisguilt.--Themorerelevantfact,thatthegunhadnotbeenfired,wascuriouslyignored.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.但是它却让许多美国英语词汇和结构进入英国英语，所以人们相信英国英语将要消失。ledto看成复合及物短语动词，后面的passinginto到句号是宾语补语。Answerthereadingcomprehensionquestions:InwhatwaysareBritishandAmericanEnglishdifferent?A:Theyaredifferentinthevocabulary.B:Theyaredifferentingrammar.C:Theyaredifferentinspellingandinpronunciation.D:Alloftheabove.2.WhichoneofthefollowingsisnotAmerican?A:colorB:programC:pantsD:autumnWhyarethetwovarietiesmovingclosertogether?A:BecausecommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily．B:BecausesatelliteTVandtheInternethavebeenusedincommunication.C:Becausemoderntransportationismakingtheworldsmaller.D.Alloftheabove.4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Englishes”?A:Hemeanseachnationmightturnoutitsown“English”.B:Hemeanseachnationmightmakeitsownlanguageaworldlanguage.C:HemeanstheAmericannationmightbedivided.D:HemeanstheBritishnationmightbedivided.(keys:DDDA)AbsorbinformationconcerningNational短语动词1.It'stenyearssincethescientist_______onhislife'sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.(2004江苏)A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup2.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn’tquite_____asplanned.(2004浙江)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonC.comeup3．Itiscertainthathewill__________hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.(2004福建)A．takeoverB．thinkoverC．handoverD．goover4．Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.(2004福建)A．passB．topassC．passedD．passing5.Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool______mostofherday.(2004广东)A.takesupB.makesupC.savesupD.putsup6.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJohnson________cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.(2004上海)A.tookupB.caughtonC.carriedoutD.madeforcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease______thebookswhenyou’vefinishedwitht