英语被动语态总结

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业英语被动语态总结与练习一、被动语态的构成形式1.

被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,

被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)

am/is/are+done(过去分词)

一般现在时Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2)

has/havebeendone

现在完成时Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3)

am/is/arebeingdone

现在进行时Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4)

was/weredone

一般过去时IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)

hadbeendone

过去完成时Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)

was/werebeingdone

过去进行时AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7)

shall/willbedone

一般将来时Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8)

should/wouldbedone

过去将来时Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9)

shall/willhavebeendone

将来完成时（少用）TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.10)

should/wouldhavebeendone

过去将来完成时（少用）Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.2.

被动语态的特殊结构形式1)

带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)

有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.

可改为

Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)

当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.

可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)

在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.

可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)

有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.3.

非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing

形式及不定式

todo

也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)

。Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、

如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1.

讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者

(这时可省

by

短语)。Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2.

借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.

为了更好地安排句子。Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.

（一个主语就够了）三、

Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…

据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Itisbelievedthat…大家相信……Itishopedthat…大家希望……Itiswellknownthat…众所周知……Itisthoughtthat…大家认为……Itissuggestedthat…据建议……Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.

（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.

）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.

英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式

表达被动意义,主语通常是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．

（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．

（指不会有人来锁门,

指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.

表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。Howdothenewspaperscomeout?

这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.

系动词没有被动形式,

但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义

。1.

在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。2.

形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3.

动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,

不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．

(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(

此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4.

在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5.

在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.6.

在therebe…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁

losttime不明确。）7.

在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,

被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.

“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2.

“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，

beyondone’sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．

我们的成功始料不及。Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．3.

“above+名词”结构,

表示“(品质、行为、能力等)

超过……、高于……”。Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4.

“for+名

词”结构，表示

“适于……、

为着……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5.

“in+名词”结构

，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内)，等。Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)

（）1．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C．areholding D．willho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotofenjoyment__toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings．A．isgiving Bisgiven Cwillgive Dhasgiven（）3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_________in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.--Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?--Yes.Ourclassroom__________everyday.A.clean B.cleans C.iscleaned（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一Yes．Infact，it____.That'sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround．A．polluted Bwaspolluted Chaspolluted D．waspo11ute（）8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.--You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.---IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.---Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen（）10.Manytreesandflowers______inourschoollastyear，andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden．A．plantB．plantedC．haveplantedD．wereplanted（）11.Somefamouspaintings__________inthehallnextweek.A.willshow B.wereshown C.isshown D.willbeshown（）12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives（）13.---Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.---Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen______thesedays.A.turnedup B.putup C.shownup D.fixedup（）14.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed（）15.

—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?

—Yes,ourclassroom______everyday.

A.clean

B.cleans

C.iscleaned

D.Cleaned课后练习（）1．—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

–I’msorry,butI_____whentomeet.A.don’ttell

B.didn’ttell

C.haven’ttold

D.wasn’ttold（）2．Manyoldhousesaroundourschool____nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A.pulldown

B.willbepulleddown C.willpulldown

D.arepulleddown（）3．---Mywatch______.---Don’tworry.Let’sgototheLost&Found.A.islost B.isbroken C.hasfound D.hasstopped（）4．---DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?---No,I___________.A.amnotinvited B.wasn’tinvited C.haven’tinvited D.didn’tinvite（）5．--Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______?--Onceayear.A.does;hold B.was;hold C.is;held D.did;hold（）6．OnMay30th,,onebowlintheMingdynasty(明朝)_______atthepriceof30.36millionHongKongdollars.A.sell B.sold C.issold D.wassold（）7．The"Thousand-handGuanyin"____bymanypeopleasthebestperformanceatCCTV'sSpringFestivalEvening.A.hasbeenregarded B.areregarded C.hasregarded D.regards（）8．—Thoseeggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful.—Yes,they______inHangzhou.A.painted B.werepainting C.werepainted D.hadpainted（）9．---Don’tlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign::“Rubbishintothedustbin.”---Sorry.A,hasthrow B,wasthrow C,mustthrow D,mustbethrown（）10．The29th0lympicGames__inBeijingin2008．A．willhold Bwillbeheld C．hold（）11.Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.A.sing B.tosing C.singing D.sings（）12.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_________inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild（）13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_________inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild（）14.Thesickboy_________tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took（）15.--It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.--Ithinkabridge_________overtheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt（）16.--David,turnofftheTV________nooneiswatchingit.

--Butit________offalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.

A.sothat,hasbeenturned

B.when,hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturned

D.because,hasturned（）17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfather’sbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken（）18.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork_________today.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone（）19.--Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!--Yeah,it________nearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuilt C.hasbuilt D.isbuilt（）20.Don’tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyou_________todoso.A.askB.areasked C.willaskD.willbeasked把下列句子改写成被动语态1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.

__________________________________2.Everybodylikesthissong.

__________________________________3.Hedoesn'tshowthestampstome.

__________________________________4.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofJapan._____________________________5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._______________________________6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings?__________________________________7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses?

__________________________________8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu?

__________________________________9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo?_________________________10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm?__________________________________将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.→

Thework_____________________________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.→

Silk_________

________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.→

AnEnglishsong________

__________

________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.→It________

__________

_________byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.→ANewYearCard________________

________herbymelastweek.6.Peoleusemetalformakingmachines.→Metal________

_________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.→I________

_________

_________thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.→Thisbook_______

_________

________tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?→________abridge________herebythemayearago?10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.→AnEnglishplay________

_______

_______oninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.→ColourTVsets________

______

______moreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.→Hiswatch_________

_________

_________bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.→Theflowersmust________

________(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.→Knives_______________forcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.→Thefarmers_______________

_______

______foralongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?→_________thewindow_______

_______

________

yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.→Thelightgreendresses________

_______

______out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.→Theclassroom_________

________everyday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.→Trees______

______

_______

______

inverydryearth.20.Youca