语言学 性别歧视

LinguisticSexisminEnglish11级英本5班No.10游晓楠No.26郭凯丽1DefinitionPhenomenaReasonsOutline2DefinitionLinguisticSexismSexismisaphenomenonthattakesamale-as-normattitude,trivializing,insultingorrenderingwomeninvisible.

As

a

special

social

phenomenon,

sexism

is

inevitably

reflected

through

language.3Phenomena1.Thegenericmasculine阳性词泛化1.1genericpronounsandnouns(1)

He

who

laughs

last

laughs

best.

(2)

Everyone

must

do

his

homework

well.

(3)

If

anyone

calls,

tell

him

I

will

be

back

later.

(4)

Everyone

should

learn

to

solve

problems

himself.

(1)

Man

is

a

social

animal.(2)

Men

remake

nature.

(3)

Woman

is

a

social

animal.

(4)

Women

remake

nature.

Allmenarecreatedequal.----theUSDeclarationofIndependence.41.2womenbeingattachedtomen

男性女性MrMrsplusherhusband’ssurnameMissAfterthe

feminist

movement

andlanguagereformationintheearly1970s,Mscomesout,whosesemanticmeaningisthesameasMr.

Firstlady,Mrs.Curie,Mrs.Thatcher51.3femaleasanexceptionCommon

gender

Masculine

gender

Feminine

gender

lawyer

lawyer

ladylawyer

hero

hero

heroine

pilot

pilot

woman

pilotmale

nurse,

male

typist,

and

male

secretary.

6Chairman,businessman,congressman,newsman,policeman,spokesman.Addingtheboundmorphemesuchas–ess,-inePoetpoetessPrinceprincessGodgodessHeroheroine71.4WordOrderhusband

and

wife

father

and

mother

boys

and

girls

his

and

hersson

and

daughter

brother

and

sisterhost

and

hostessking

and

queen

Adam

and

Eve

Male

and

female82.SemanticDerogationofWomen语义贬损2.1Non-parallelsemanticdevelopments2.2SemanticCollocationandChange2.3Metaphor2.4Proverb

92.1Non-parallelsemanticdevelopments

Suchas

MasterandMistressWizardandWitchSirandMadam102.2SemanticCollocationandChangeSuchas:

imposing

a.

He

is

imposing.

b.

She

is

imposing.

loose

a.Alooseman.b.aloosewoman.

professionala.Heisaprofessional.b.Sheisaprofessional.

112.3Metaphor

Food

metaphor

cheese

cake

(奶酪蛋糕——裸体女画)，cherry

(樱桃——处女)，cookie

(点心——可爱的女人)，crumpet

(松脆饼——性感女人)，tart

(果馅饼——妓女)，tomato

(西红柿——漂亮女人),

honey

(蜜糖——宝贝、亲爱的),

piece

(点心——女人)，peach

(桃子——漂亮女人)

and

so

on.

Animal

metaphor

chick

(小鸡——少女)，kitten

(小猫——活泼年轻的姑娘)，bitch（母狗——泼妇），cat

(猫——丑妇、贱妇、讨厌的女人)，dragon

(龙——倔强的女人)，hen

(母鸡——爱管闲事的女人),

cow

(奶牛——子女多的女人、妓女)，crone

(老母羊——干瘪的丑老太婆)

and

mare-horse

(母马——粗声大气、肥胖固执的女人)

and

so

on.

122.4Proverb

A

man

of

straw

is

worth

of

a

woman

of

gold.

稻草男人抵得上金玉女

No

war

is

without

a

woman.

凡是战争均由女人而起

A

woman

can

do

more

than

the

devil.

最毒妇人心

Man,

woman,

and

devil

are

three

degrees

of

comparison.男人、女人和魔鬼三个等级分贵贱

13ReasonsCulturefactorPhysiological

factorSocial

factor

14Culturefactor

TheHolyBible:ManismoresuperiorthanwomanPhysi