语法填空专项学案- 高一下学期英语综合复习

语法填空【解题技巧及考点分布】一、已给单词提示题型的技巧考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，二是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式。

1.名词形式变化。

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the

______(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1．

2.动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

Atalk

_______(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.

3.代词形式变化。

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone／none、other／another等。

Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

_______(he).

4.形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前more／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。

例：Iam______(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．

此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”。

5.数词形式变化。

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式once／twice

TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea

__________(three).

6.词的派生。

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

Liouslosthiswalletyesterday.Sohewasvery____(happiness)．

二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

7.固定短语结构。

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying____,dirtybuthappy.

Hisbosswas____angryastofirehim．

8.从句引导词。

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

Hedidnotdone_____hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo．

Those_____wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere．

9.短语动词结构。

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

TheUSAconsists____fiftystates．

Mrs.Bakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake_____ofher．

10.短语介词结构。

短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。

Mr.SmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.

Justthen，hesawablackboardin_____ofhim.

细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成infrontof，此题得解。

11.连词、关联短语结构。

常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...,either…or...,neither…nor...,notonly…butalso...等。

LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,_____hisfamilywastoopoor．

____MaryandJannielikegoingtothetheatre．

12.冠词、介词和常用的副词。

冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。

Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed．

OldTom’sgranddaughterusedtovisithim_____Saturdayafternoon．

Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

ThoughLiuQiangdidthesamework____ZhangWendid,hegotalowerpay______ZhangWen.

Itwasonlyonedayleft，_____,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim．

13.上下文中出现的相关词。

学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

Tony____travellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV．【技巧小结】1.有提示词填空的解题技巧①给出的提示词是名词：要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。②给出的提示词是动词：要认真分析句子的结构,理解句子的意思。a.如果填空处是谓语，要考虑时态、语态和动词的第三人称单数;b.如果填空处是非谓语，根据对句子成分的分析和对语境的理解，要考虑填todo、doing还是done；同时，也要考虑该动作发生时间的先后以及与主语的关系(是主动关系还是被动关系)，并填写相应的形式;c.要根据句意填写该动词的名词形式，甚至是形容词或者副词形式。③给出的提示词是形容词：一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和高级形式,同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。④给出的提示词是副词：与形容词类似，要考虑其比较级和高级形式以及是否加前缀、后缀，同时也不能忽视其形容词形式。⑤给出的提示词是人称代词：要考虑其与相应意思的形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词的转换,值得注意的是,当填空处缺宾语且其与主语是同一人或物时才用反身代词,其它情况要慎用。【总结】有提示词填空主要考查的角度有：名词单复数、词性转化、形容词和副词的比较级和高级变化、动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的各种形式、代词之间的转化。2.无提示词填空的解题技巧①代词:这类设空比较少，通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词(通常是指示代词),这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了，在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词;②冠词:如果设空处后面是名词，那么可以考虑是否要填冠词,再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指,并填上合适的冠词，当然,在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词【例题解析】【点评】全国I卷语法填空考点考频统计今年的语法填空语篇讲述嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件，彰显了中国成为第一个让探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。全国I卷的语法填空考点每年都相对固定，其中一般现在时、名次单复数、定语从句等都已经成为了必考点。这一点对于备考的同学们，非常具有指导意义。2019年考察了“现在完成时”，今年又回归了一般现在时和一般过去时的考察。虽然高考考纲中的《语法项目表》明确列出了24大类语法点，但是其中很多语法点至今都未曾出现在语法填空的高考真题中，如虚拟语气、省略等，所以确保知识点掌握的同时，把有限的精力和时间放在重点需要复习的知识点上，会更加有“事半功倍”的效果。II)(2020·全国卷III)【巩固提升】(1)Manyyearsago,myfriend’sgrandfatherdecidedtobecomeaneyesurgeon．Hesentsixyearsat1universitystudyingmedicine,andthenhadtogoofftowar．Hisparentswereproudofhim,2theysupportedhimwhenhefinallybeganasadoctorinasmallvillage．Hewasverypatient3sickpeopleandveryskillfulatdiagnosingdiseases．4,duringhis5(one)weeksasadoctor,hedeliberatelypoisonedaveryoldlady,apatient_6simplywantedtodietoavoidmore7(suffer).Theolddoctorthathe8(join)inthevillagepracticeencouragedhimtocontinue,buthewouldnotsupporthisapplicationtotrainasasurgeon．Heshouldhavebeenchargedformurder,buttheolddoctorandthefamilynevertoldanybodyabout9.Ifthepublichadeverbeenawareofthegrandfather’sactions,thefamily’sreputationwould10(ruin)．(2)TheBritishsenseofhumordiffersfromothercountries

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itisgenerallymorenegative.Whenitcomesto

2(make)theBritishlaugh,thereisnothing

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effectivethanasociallyinappropriatejoke.PopularBritishcomedyshowssuchasFawltyTowers,BlackadderandtheOfficeare

4(fill)ofsarcasm(讽刺),teasingandself-deprecation(自嘲).Itreflectstheculturewheremocking,moaningandridiculeispartofeverydaylife.5

mostBritishpeopledon’ttakethesejokestoo

6(serious),foreignersareoftenpuzzledbythem.Arecentsurveyfoundthatmostforeigners

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visitedBritainfoundthattheBritishare“arrogant(傲慢的)”,unfriendlyandhavealmostnosenseofhumor.DoforeignersnotunderstandBritishhumor

8

aretheBritishjustnotsofunny

9theythinktheyare?McKinstrycertainlythinkstheBritisharefunny.“AccusingtheBritish

10havingnosenseofhumorisliketellingRolls-Roycethatitscarsaredown-market.(3)AtacountryhouseinBelgium,thereoncelivedayoungelephantwhichwasapettothepeople．Itusedtocomeintothediningroomafterdinnerandaskedfor

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fromthevisitors．Oneday,whenalargepartyofvisitorsweresittingatthetable,theelephantcameroundandputits

2betweenthevisitors,beggingforfruitorbread．Onegentleman,however,

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ofputtinganyfoodintothetrunk,tookhisforkandsentthelittleelephantawaywithastab．Theanimallefthimquietlyandwenttoothervisitors,oneafteranother,who

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itkindly,becausetheythoughtagentlemanshouldnottreatananimalinsucharudeway.5

ithadfinisheditsroundofthetable,itwentoutintothegarden,

6(break)alargebranchoffatreeandreturnedtotheroomagain．Theanimalwent

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tothegentlemanwhohadstabbeditstrunkwithaforkandshookthebranchoverhishead．Inamomenthewas

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withantswhichcamedownfromthebranch.Theantsfilledhishair,randownhisneck．Hard

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hetried,hecouldn’tgetridoftheants．Alltheothervisitorslaughedheartedlywhentheysawthegentlemaninsuchadifficultsituationbecausetheythoughthehadtreatedtheanimalsorudelyandshouldbe

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inthisway.(4)LastmonthwefinallygotachancetohaveatriptoE’meiMountain,whichwe

1(long)todoforages.Itwasthere

2

IwasamazedbythemostbeautifulsceneryIhadeverseen!Theweatherdidn’tseemtowelcomeuswhenwegottoWest

3(China)Chengducity－itwasquitewetandcold．Onthecoachheadingtothemountain,Icouldn’thelp

4(feel)disappointed.“Whatabadday!”Isaidtomyselfwhenlookingoutofthewindow,“Wemaynotbeabletoseealotinthemountain．And

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apityitwillbeifwemissthesunrisenextmorning!”Theguidedeniedthepossibilityofasunnyday.“Actually,seldom

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wehavebrightsunshinehere,especiallyinwinter.”hesaid．Veryearlythenextmorning,amazingly,wegotcompletelysatisfiedinatotally

7(expect)way.Onthewayupthemountain,wefoundeverythingwasbecomingwhite-itwassnowing!Wescreamed．Arrivingatthetopofthemountain,wefound

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inawhiteworldthatonlyexistedinfairytales．9

couldhelpdescribewhatwesaw．Wewerejumping,screaming,taking

10(photo),tryingtofilloureyeswitheverythingwecouldsee,becauseweknewthatthiswasthefirsttimetoseesuchbeautyofthenature,andprobably,theonlytimeinourlives.(5)Thefaxhasgreatlychangedofficework,especiallyinChina．Whenyouplaceasheetofpaperinafaxmachine,themachine“reads”thewritingonthepageandchangestheshapesofletters

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electronicsignals．Itthensendsthesesignalsdownanordinarytelephonelinetoanotherfaxmachine,

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changesthesignalsbackintotheshapesofletters．Youcanimagine

3usefulthisis,particularlyin

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likeChinaandJapan,whichusewrittencharactersnotletters．Itisalsousefulforsendingpictures,designs,mapsandsoon．Sendingafaxismoreexpensivethan

5(post)aletter,butmuchquicker．Forexample,youcansendinformationabroadimmediately,butmailingalettermight

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aweekorso．7(连词)youwanttosendalettertoanofficeabroadthatisinadifferenttimezone,youcansendafax,anditwill

8(receive)eventhoughtheofficeisnotopen．Therearetwootherpointstoconsider．First,rememberthatafaxcanbereadbyanyone,sobe

9(care)whatyousend!Second,donotstartfaxingeverything!Itismuchcheapertopostoremailalongreport

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tofaxit．(6)Decidingwhatpresentsyoushouldgivesomeoneisnevereasy.Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas

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thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson

2(receive)thegift.Oneofthe

3(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.MsChen

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(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy5

(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterests

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Imademyfinaldecision.ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore

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Iworkedpart-timeandboughthe8

expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI

9(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.IlefttheboxwithacardonherdeskandIwassureshewouldlikethem.

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wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!

(7)Longago,nearthefrontierlivedanoldman．Onedayhefoundhishorsemissing．Itwassaidthatthehorsewasseen

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(run)outsidetheborderofthecountry．Theneighborscametocomfort

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fortheunfortunateloss．Buttheoldmanwas

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(expect)calmandsaid,“Itdoesn'tmatter．Itmaynotbeabadevent;onthecontrary,Ithinkitcanbeagoodone．”Onenighttheoldmanheardsomenoiseofhorsesandgotuptotakealook．Tohissurprise,hesawanotherhandsomehorsebesideshisown．Itwasclearthathishorse

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(bring)acompanionhome．Hearingthenews,theneighborsallcametosaycongratulationsonhisgoodluck．5

,theoldmanwasverycalm．Headded,“ItistruethatIgotanewhorsefornothing,butitishardtosay

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itisgoodorbad．Itmaybe

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unluckything．”Whathesaidturned

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toberight.Thesonoftheoldmanwasveryfondofthehorsebroughthome,andoneday,whenhe

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(ride)thehorse,hefelloffthehorsebackandterriblyhurtintheleftleg.“Nothingserious,”theoldmansaid,“Perhapsitisgoingtobegood.”Ayearlater,manyoftheyouthwererecruited(应征)tofightinawar,mostof

10died.Thesonoftheoldmanwasabsolved(免除)fromthearmyserviceforhisdisability,soheescapeddeath.(8)Wherewillyouchoosetolive,inthecity1thecountryside?Peoplehavedifferentideas2the

question.

Someofmyfriendswouldliketoliveinthecity.TheycanenjoyTVfilms,entertainmentanddelicious

food.Everything3(be)convenientinthecity.4peoplearethirsty,theycanhaveboiledorbottledwateratonce.Whenachildisill,he5(send)tohospitalinjustafewminutes.6,peoplehavetosufferheavytrafficandairpollutionanyway.Onthe7hand,otherswillchoosethecountryside.Thereasonsaresimple.Nothingisbetter8toliveinfreshair,drinkcleanwater,andenjoyfreenaturalbeauty.Ofcoursethemostimportantisalongeranda9(happy)life.

Whichwillbeyour10(choose),myfriend?(9)Myexperiencewithaforeignlanguagebeganinjuniormiddleschoolthreeyearsago,

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ItookmyfirstEnglishclass.Ihadakindandpatientteacherwhooftenpraisedallofthestudents.

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thispositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchabout

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(make)mistakes.Iwasatthetopofmyclass

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twoyears.WhenIwenttoseniormiddleschool,Iwaseagertoco