被动语态讲练

被动语态一、 什么是被动语态？英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓被动语态，相当于中文中常说的被……、由……的句式，如：他的自行车被偷了。，这座楼房是由他们建造的。二、 被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）：Hisbicyclewasstolen.Thebuildinghasbeenbuiltin2000.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是： be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况：（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paperismadefromwood.（纸是由木材生产出来的。）Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.（这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。）Hewaswoundedinthefight.（他在战斗在受伤了。）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（电是用来开动机器的。）（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。）Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway.（阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。）Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.（他在比赛中获得了第一。）（3） 为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.（新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。）四、 各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、 一般现在时的被动语态.am/is/are+动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday. ThiscarismadeinChina.2、 一般过去式的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词Hisdeskwascleanedjustnow. Thestationwasbuiltin1928.3、 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactoryisbeingbuiltinourcitynow.Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.4、 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+动词的过去分词Anewfactorywasbeingbuiltinourcityatthattime.SomebabieswerebeinglookedafterbyMissChenlastyear.5、 一般将来时的被动语态：（A）will/shall+be+动词的过去分词 （B）am/is/are+goingtobe+动词的过去分词.Somenewfactorieswillbebuiltinourcitythisyear.Yourwatchisgoingtobemendedinanhour.6、 过去将来时的被动语态:（l）.would/should+be+动词的过去分词（2）.was/were+goingtobe+动词的过去分词. Shesaidthatsomenewfactorieswouldbebuiltsooninourcity.Hethoughtthatyourwatchwasgoingtobemendedafteranhour.7、 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+动词的过去分词Somenewfactorieshavebeenbuiltinthecitysincelastyear.Yourwatchhasbeenmendedalready.8、 过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+动词的过去分词Hesaidthatsomenewfactorieshadbeenbuiltinthecity. Ididn'tknowthatmywatchhadbeenmended.9、 含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done例如：Hecannotbefound./Imustbepaidforthis.五、 如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、 从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态：人们说英语。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.被动语态：英语被说。 Englishisspokeninmanycountries..例2. 主动语态：我们造这座桥。Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.被动语态：这座桥被建造。Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.2、 从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1. 主动语态：小王邀请你（宾语）XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.被动语态：你（宾语）被邀请。YouhasbeeninvitedtoalunchpartybyXiaoWang.例2. 主动语态：你不准带走杂志（宾语）Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.被动语态：杂志（宾语）不准被带走.Thesemagazinesmustnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.例3. 主动语态：他们授给他（宾语）一枚奖章（宾语）.Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：他（宾语）被授予一枚奖章.Hewasgivenamedalforhiswonderfulwork.被动语态：一枚奖章（宾语）被授给了他.Amedalwasgiventohimforhiswonderfulwork.六、 特殊句子的被动语态双宾语句子如何变成被动语态英语有些句子含有两个宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语。例如：Thecrowdgavetheguestawarmwelcome里，就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语awarmwelcome；另一个是间接宾语theguest。在变成被动语态时，其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下，我们多以间接宾语为主语，直接宾语留在原位，如：Theguestwasgivenawarmwelomebythecrowd.但是，如果重点在直接宾语，直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语，如：Wewillofferanycapableapplicantacompetitivesalary.要变成：Acompetitivesalarywillbeofferedtoanycapableapplicant.名词性从句如何变成被动语态Peoplegenerallyfeelthatsocialworkersareofferingvaluableservicesforthepublic.”这句子可以it”作为主语，然后，把名词分句移到句子后头去：Itisgenerallyfeltthatsocialworkersareofferingvaluableservicesforthepublic.''另一种变法是把名词性从句的主语转为被动句的主语，接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词：Socialworkersaregenerallyfelttobeofferingvaluableservicesforthepublic.'3•若感官动词宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watchTheteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom.Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。Theyletthestrangergo.--->Thestrangerwasletgo.2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.——>Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..七、学习被动语态时要注意的几个问题1、有些原来不及物的动词，如作使役动词用，则有被动语态，常见的有fly,run,stand,walk等。例如：ManycarshavebeenflowntoEurope.许多汽车已被空运到欧洲去了。Thisbottlemustnotbestoodclosetothefire.这只瓶不得放在近火处。Horsesshouldbewalkedforsometimeafterarace.赛马后，得溜一会儿马。2•主动形式表示被动意义1） wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…等主动形式表示被动意义，如：Thebooksellswell. 这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用。2） blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build主动形式表示被动意义Iwastoblamefortheaccident.Muchworkremains.3） 在need,require,want,worth（形容词）,deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式表示被动意义。Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。 Thisbookisworthreading.4） 特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood（使别人能听见/理解自己），havesth.done（要某人做某事）,bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated（from）,befinished,beprepared（for）,beoccupied（in）,getmarried被动形式表示主动意义Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。Hemarriedarichgirl.Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.注意：当need,want,require,worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。5） .get+p.p表被动，此机构较口语化：Shegotmarriedlastweek.Hegotkilled.6） .表示开始、结束、运动的词，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move.女口：Workbeganat7o'clockthismorning.Heshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.7） 表示主语的某些属性的词，如read,write,act,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,cat,drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加一个修饰语。Thiscoatdrieseasily.Thepenwritessmoothly.中文含有被动意义的句子，不一定要用被字，但在译成英文时，却要变成被动语态。例如：①灯关掉了：Thelightwasturnedoff.（不是：Thelightturnedoff）会议延期举行：Themeetingwillbeputoff.（不是：Themeetingwillputoff）这件事必须保密:Thismattershouldbekeptsecret.（不是:Thismattershouldbesecret）发展计划提早完成：Thedevelopmentprojectwascompletedbeforeschedule.我们学校去年建造了新的电脑室：Lastyear,anewcomputerroomwasbuiltinourschool.在旧社会，妇女是受轻视的：Intheoldsociety,womenwerelookeddownupon.区别被动语态与连系动词be+过去分词的结构be+过去分词并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。当be+过去分词表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语；当be+过去分词表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1） .如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。如:Theglassisbroken.玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）2） •如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：ThemagazineispublishedinShanghai.这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）Thedoorislocked.门锁着。（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.门已经/刚刚被锁上。（被动语态）Theshopisopened.这家商店开门了。（系表结构）Theshopisopenedat8a.m.everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态）3）.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。所以下列句子都是被动语态：Themachineisbeingrepaired.机器正在修。Anewschoolwillbebuilthere.这里将要建一所新学校。八、不用被动语态的情况1） .不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen. （对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（错）Thepricehasraised. （对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat. （对）Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto女口：Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3） 系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn女口：Itsoundsgood.4） 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeo 女口：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）Shelikestoswim. （错）Toswimislikedbyher.6） 、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当主+动+宾结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句：Lindaresembleshermother.琳达象她母亲。Thisredcoatbecomesher.这件红上衣合她的身。Theauditoriumholds2000people.大礼堂能容纳两千人。Myshoesdon'tfitme.我的鞋不合脚。Jackalwayslacksconfidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Expertshavebeenknowntomakethismistake.有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by+词组，可以有被动句。如：Allmythingsareheldinthisbox.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。7） 、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。例如：ShewasborninNanjing.她生于南京。Hewassaidtobeanhonestman.据说他是个老实人。Theywillbemarriednextmonth.他们将于下月结婚。Marysaidthatshewasnotobligedtoworkovertime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。8）、当主动宾结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。例如：Thedoctordedicatedherselftofindingacure.Didhehurthimselfwhenhefell?他跌倒时有没有摔伤了自己？Wecouldhardlyseeeachotherinthefog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。Theytoldeachotherabouttheirfamilies.他们互相向对方讲述了各自的家庭情况。山课堂练习Theteachercouldnotmakehimself becausethestudentsweresonoisy.A.payattentiontoB.paidattentiontoC.paidattentionD.tobepaidattentiontoMaryisfondof herselfinblue.A.dressedB.beingdressedC.dressingD.dress3.1nsomepartsoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.servedAccordingtotheartdealer,thepainting togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpecting--Thewindowisdirty.--Iknow.It forweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleanedThenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatly讦people toeatmorefruitandvegetables.A.persuadeB.willpersuadeC.bepersuadedD.arepersuaded课后作业7.Itwon'tbelongbeforesuchathing again.A.willhappenB.happensC.ishappenedD.happenedTheroom 100studentsorso.A.canholdB.isheldC.canbeheldD.washeldTheboywhomyoulentthebiketo byacar.A.hitB.behitC.havingbeenhitD.washitWhydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayedGreatchanges inthecity,andalotoffactories .A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetup D.weretakenplace;weresetupKeys:1-6bcbadd7-11badbb

被动语态试题ThesickboyAistakenBwastakenWastepapershouldn'tclean.AbethrownBthrowDoyouhaveanyproblemsifyou被动语态试题ThesickboyAistakenBwastakenWastepapershouldn'tclean.AbethrownBthrowDoyouhaveanyproblemsifyou--Well,I'mthinkingabouttheworkingdayAoffer BwillofferedCareofferedItisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildingsnexttermAwillbebuiltBwasbuiltThenewlibrarybuildingAwascompletedBDavid,turnofftheTV--ButitAsothat;hasbeenturnedCif;hasbeenturnedtohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.CtakesDtookeverywhere.It'sourdutytokeepourcityisthrownDarethrownthisjob?DwillbeofferedinourschoolintheDwillbuildlastweek.iscompletedCcompletedDhascompletednooneiswatchingit.offalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.Bwhen;hasturnedDbecause;hasturnedChasbuilt&Nick ajobinabank,buttooursurprise,hedidn'ttakeit.AisofferedBofferedCwasofferedDhasofferedDoyouoftenplanttreesinspring?--Yes,manytrees inourschooleveryyear.Aplant Bareplanting CareplantedIt'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.--Ithinkabridge overtheriver.AwasbuiltBisbeingbuilt ChasbeenbuiltDshouldbebuiltI togettherebeforeseventomorrow,soI'llhavetogetupearly.Cwilltell DwastoldtoAfricabyourgovernmenttohelptheCwilltell DwastoldtoAfricabyourgovernmenttohelptheAlargenumberofengineerspeoplethereeveryyear.aresentinChinamorethan600yearsaresentinChinamorethan600yearsIt'scommonknowledgethatblackteaago.AisinventedBwasinventedWhoisthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?--It'sme.Thisphoto tenyearsago.ago.AisinventedBwasinventedWhoisthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?--It'sme.Thisphoto tenyearsago.Atakes Bistaken CtookItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3AwillbuildBhasbuiltCwillbebuiltDoyouplanttreesinspring?—Yes.ManytreesCinventsDinventedDwastakeninourcityin2010.Dhasbeenbuiltinourcityeveryyear.AareplantingBareplanted CwereplantedWhenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoorAwaslockedBislockedCwillbelockedDshouldbelockedWhatshouldwedofirst讦wewanttodevelopourvillage?一Alotofnewroads ,Ithink.AmustbebuiltBhavetobuildCmustbuildDhavebuiltDoyoubelievetherearealiens?—I'mafraidnot.Idon'tthinkaliens inspace.AcanfindBcanbefoundCcanbefoundedDcan'tbefoundIwanttobeaChineseteacherwhenIgrowup.一That'sgreat.ChineseteachersinChinaandsomeforeigncountries.Aneed Bareneeding CareneededDon'tworry.You plentyoftimetodecide.Awillgive Bhavegiven CwillbegivenAsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chineseschoolsoutofourcountry.Ateaches Bistaught ChastaughtDwillneedDaregiving

inmoreandmoreDwastaughtOurenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay .AisstartedBwasstartedTheyoungmanwasoftenseenIwanttobeaChineseteacherwhenIgrowup.一That'sgreat.ChineseteachersinChinaandsomeforeigncountries.Aneed Bareneeding CareneededDon'tworry.You plentyoftimetodecide.Awillgive Bhavegiven CwillbegivenAsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger,Chineseschoolsoutofourcountry.Ateaches Bistaught ChastaughtDwillneedDaregiving

inmoreandmoreDwastaughtOurenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotecttheearthsinceEarthDay .AisstartedBwasstartedTheyoungmanwasoftenseenAtodraw BtodrawingChasstartedbythelake.Cdraw DdrewBaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina, as—People'sWriter''.AisregardedBhasregardedCisregarding DregardsAfterthehero'sstory onCCTV,manypeoplearelearningfromhim.Areports BreportedWheredidyougolastnight?一IAaskedBamaskedCIwanttobeadoctor.-DoctorsAneedBareneededCThevillageisbuildingaschool.IhopeitAfinishesIwasheldsoon.AtalkedThisyearhasCwasreportingDwasreported

togotoLiLei'sbirthdayparty.havebeenaskedDwasaskedineverypartoftheworld,Ithink.areneeding DwillneedbeforeAugustthisyear.Bwillfinish Cisfinished Dwillbefinishedthatourclassmeetingabout—EightDosandDon'tswouldbeBspoken CtoldWorldYearofPhysicsDsaidAlbertEinstein,thefatherofmodernphysics.Amade;rememberCbeenmade;rememberYoushouldtellTomthatheBmade;torememberDbeenmade;toremembertoworkforthe21stUNIVERSIDE.--Ithinkso,Iwilltellhimonhisbirthday.Achooses Bhaschosen Cchose Dischosen33."Doyoulikethematerial?''—Yes,it verysoftA.isfeelingB.felt C.feelsD.isfelt选c,因为feel为连系动词，连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。Herforehead hot.I‘mafraidsheisill.AisfeelingBfeltCisfeltDfeelsThenewschoolhasbeencompleted.It verybeautiful.AislookedBlookedChaslookedDlooksThedish nice,butthemilk sour.Aissmelt,issmeltBissmelt,smellsCsmells,issmeltDsmells,smellsThestoryofhislife interesting.AissoundedBissoundingChassoundedDsoundsHewasangry yourwork.Hesaidthathe atall.Aat,didn'tsatisfyBto,didn'tsatisfyCat,wasn'tsatisfyDto,wasn'tsatisfiedBeangryat（about）sth.对某事生气。Satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是满意而是使（人）满意，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态（或是系表结构）二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词：Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework intwodays.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk inSuzhou.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong bythechildren.Youneedn'tdoitnow.It byyounow.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard mebyherlastweek.Peoleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal formakingmachines.Hemademedothatforhim.I thatforhim.8.1havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook tothelibrary.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago? abridge herebythemayearago?We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay oninourschool.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.ColourTVsets moreandmorefarmers.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch bymybrother.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust (byus)everyday.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives forcuttingthings.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmers foralongtime.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday? thewindow yesterday?Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses out.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom everyday.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Trees inverydryearth.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHole intheearth.答案5BACA6—10ACCCD15DCBDC16—20BBABC21—25CBBAA26—30DDBDC31—32DD二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词:1.canbefinished2.isproduced3.willbesung4.needn'tbedone5.wassentto6.isused7.wasmadetodo8.hasbeengiven9.Was,built10.willbeput11.arebought