unit 5 grammar学案 牛津译林版八年级上册英语

8AU5grammar【知识梳理】Thehorseisstandingwithitseyesclosed.closed(adj.)关闭的 close(vt.)关闭 close(adj.)近的；亲密的例：窗户是关着的，请你把它打开：例：亲密的朋友withthehelpof=withone'shelp在的帮助下例：在他的帮助下，我成功通过了考试（2种）Didyouknowthatbeesnevergetlost?lost(adj.)迷路的，迷失的=missinggetlost=loseone’sway迷路lose失去，被夺去；输掉(lose-lost–lost) loss丧失，损失；失败例：当你迷路的时候，可以喊警察帮忙（2种）。4.may的用法1.表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”。注意：may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t,不用maynot,意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。3.can和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。may的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”，但要再次强调may表示猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外，may引起的一般疑问句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答则不能用maynot,只能用can’t或者mustn’t.【例题精讲】■表示允许：可以(1)—May/Might/CanIcomein?我可以进来吗?肯定回答—Yes,please./Ofcourse./Yes,youcan.否定回答No,youcan’t/mustn't.Pleasedon’t.(2)—MayIgonow?我可以去吗？肯定回答—Yes,youmay.可以。否定回答—No,youmustn’t/can’t.不可以去。—You’dbetternot.你最好不去。(3)Youmaybringitbacktomorrow.你可以明天把它带来。Youmaynotgothere.你不可以去那里。练习：()1.There__________abookinthedesk.A.mayareB.maybeC.mayhasD.maybe()2.—MayIgonow?—No,you.Youstayhere.A.needn’t;havetoB.needn’t;mustC.mustn’t;havetoD.mustn’t;hasto()3.—IvisitLucyonSunday,Mum?—Yes,you.A.Must;canB.May;mayC.Need;needD.May;need()4.__________IansweryourquestionsinChinese?No,youmustn’t.A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Do()5.Excuseme,wherearewegoingtohaveourclassmeeting?I’mnotsure.Askourgroupleader,please.He__________know.canB.mayC.needD.shall动词不定式作宾语1、动词不定式概述①动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，否定形式是“notto+动词原形”。②动词不定式没有人称，数和时态的变化。③在句子中不能作谓语，但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分（主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语等）2、动词不定式做宾语注意点①want，like，love，wish，hope，need，try，ask，seem，help，learn，decide，plan，start，begin，forget，remember，choose，prepare，agree等动词后直接跟动词不定式作宾语。例：HedecidedtobuyanewMP4．例：WeallhopetogotoTaizhounextmonth②有的动词（如begin,start,like等）既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，且含义基本相同。③“疑问词（how,what,where,which,when等）+动词不定式”结构可跟在一些动词（tell,show,teach,know等）后作宾语。例：Idon’tknowWhattodonext．例：Canyoutellmehowtogettothehospital?④如果作宾语的动词不定式很长，为了保持句子平衡，可用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（动词不定式）后置。例：Ifinditinterestingtoplaycomputergames.例：Weallthinkitverydifficulttofinishtheworkinanhour.⑤有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义区别比较明显，如：forget/remembertodosth.（忘记/记住要做某事）；forget/rememberdoingsth.（忘记/记得做过某事）；stoptodosth.（停下来去做另一件事）；stopdoingsth.（停止正在做的事）。例：我忘记要去关窗了我忘记已经关了窗户：[注]省去to的动词不定式

情态动词（除ought外）后。

使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,find等后，表示经常性或全过程。hadbetter句型后

Whydon’t+主语…/whynot…句型后等练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Idon’tknowwhere____________(buy)thebook.2.Theydecided_______________(nottell)himaboutitlater.3.Hisdaughterisafraidof______________(stay)inaquietplacealone.4.It’sveryinterestingforallthechildren____________(learn)how___________(read).5.It’stime______________(have)dinner.6.Don’tforget_____________(turn)offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.7.Ihope___________(get)somehelpfromMr.Green.8.Iplanned_____________(stay)athomeinsteadof____________(go)toseeafilm.【课堂练习】情态动词may的用法：may表示请求允许：①请求别人允许自己做某事结构：__________________________stay？我可以留下吗Yes,you______./No,you______.②自己允许别人做某事结构：_____________You______comein.你可以进来了。You____________tellhimthis.你不可以告诉他这件事。③表示推测“可能性”时，译为“可能、也许”（1）Ifwe____________,there____________noneleft.如果我们什么也不做，也许就不会(有熊猫)剩下了。（2）Thebambooforests______________________________.Pandas____________ ______aplace____________orfood____________.竹林正变得越来越小。熊猫可能会没有地方生存或没有食物吃。【注意】区分can't表推测与maynot(一般不缩写)表推测。can't：___________（把握较大）maynot：___________（没有很大把握）Hecan’thelpyou,becauseheisaselfishmanandseldomhelpsanyone.他不可能帮助你的，因为他是一个自私的人且从不帮助任何人。Hemaynothelpyoubutthereisnoharminaskinghim.他可能不会帮助你不过问一下求他一下倒也无妨。[随堂练习]()1. MayIopenthewindow?No,you______,Itisblowingheavilyoutside.A.maynot B.don’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t()2.

Haveyoudecidedwhichclubtojoin?Notyet.I______gototheSwimmingClub.A.must B.may C.need D.should()3.I’mafraidIneedapairofglasses.I________hardlyseethewordsontheblackboard. A.can B.must C.may D.need()4.He________likecoffee.Iseehimdrinkacupattimes. A.must B.may C.can't D.mustn't ()5..Hi,Jack.Isawyourfatherstandingoutsidetheschoolgatejustnow.Oh,it________behim.HewenttoShanghaionbusinessjustanhourago.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.maynot1.Becauseofmylaziness,Ifailed________myworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishing D.tofinished2.Shetriedhard_____________(notlaugh)aloudwhensheheardthisman'sridiculouswords.3.Beforedoinghomeworkdonotforget_____________(clean)yourdesks4.Iremember_____________(see)yousomewherebutIcan'trememberwhere.5.I'mtootiredafterrunningLet'sstop_____________(have)arest.6.Wehavefinishedourhomework.Nowlet'scontinue_____________(read)somebooks.【课后作业】()1.Haveyoudecidedwhichseniorhighschooltochoose?Notyet.I_____gotoMoonlightSchool.A.must B.may C.need D.should()2.Bob,whereisMary?She_________beinthelibrary.ButIamnotsure.A.must B.may C.need D.hasto()3.Haveyouheardthatsomebadthingswouldhappenin2012?Don'tworry!Thenews_____betrue.A.mustn't B.maynot C.needn't D.shallnot()4.Tom,you______playwiththeknife.You_____hurtyourself.A.won't;can't B.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;must D.can't;should()5.Amy,Ihearyou’vegotmanyforeigncoins._________Ihavealook?Ofcourse,I’llfetchthemforyou.A.May B.Must C.Should D.Need()6.Theydecided_________abridgeovertheriver.A.build B.tobuild C.building D.built ()7.Remember_______thelightsonwhenyouleavetheroom,please.Weshouldsavetheenergy.tokeep B.keeping C.nottokeep D.tokeeping()8.Hepromised_________hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.see B.seeing C.saw D.tosee()9.Ididn'thearyoucomeinjustnow.That'sgood.Wetried_______anynoise,foryouweresleeping.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomake D.making()10.Jim’sfatherpromised_______afancymodelcarforhimonhis_______birthday.A.tobuy;tenth B.tobuy;thetenthC.buying;tenthD.thetenth词汇应用1.Peoplekillwolvesbecausetheythinkwolvesaredangerousto(人类).2.Whoknowsthe(结果)ofthetwobasketballmatchesyesterdayeve