2012年6月英语六级真题含答案

2012年6月英语六级及答案详PartⅠWriting(30Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionontopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInteralCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheImpactoftheInterneton alPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandDirections:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheThree-YearHartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheTheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelothecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805ofthebrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanYet,therearesignsofperil()withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedButmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversityStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(位)，combinedwithage-laws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles()them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedenteddebt.Strongcampusstomanagetheseproblemsare inghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirs.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtoCongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationserningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandsastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitionForallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofngthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.TherearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirThethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.GeniuseshavealwaysbreezedJudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinnaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsoheltomakeiteasierformanytoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeanthadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.TherearehoweverdrawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpaceForone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)inlectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.“Mosthighernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—aswaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultyAdoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeTocreatechancesforthepoor.C)ToenrollmoreTocutstudents’expenses.D)TosolveitsfinancialByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythatAmericanuniversitiesareresistanttothesummervacationcontributestostudentcollegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectivethecostsofrunningauniversityareTheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversitiessuppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademiccreatessamongcolleaguesD)isasignofageWhatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatItsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachNon-creditcoursesareeliminatedItsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaSomesummercoursesareofferedfreeofWhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeIthasbeenrunningforseveralItisopentothebrighteststudentsItisthemostsuccessfulintheIthasmanypracticalcoursesonWhatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeCurriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementMoreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighTheoverallqualityofeducationbasWhatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeStudentshavetocopewithtooheavyaStudentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroaminStudentshavelittletimetogainpracticalStudentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachCollegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherTheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteaThedoctor’stherapyhasbeenveryA)ThemancouldwatchtheballetwithShehappenedtohaveboughttwoShecangetaballetticketfortheHerscheduleswithherA)HewillsendsomeonerightHehastodootherrepairsThewomancancalllaterthatThewomancantrytofixitA)TakeupcollectionnextGivehiscontributionsometimeBuyanexpensivegiftforBorrowsomemoneyfromtheA)DeclinetheinvitationasearlyasB)AskTonytoconveythankstohisC)lTony’smotherthatsheeatsnoD)AddmorefruitsandvegetablestoherA)TheincreasingcrimeTheimpactofmassThecirculationofThecoverageofA)LimitthenumberofparticipantsintheCheckthenumberofpeoplewhohaveProvidepeoplewithadviceoncareerMovetheconferencetoamorespaciousA)TheapartmentisstillTheapartmentisclosetotheTheadvertisementisOn-campushousingishardtoQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TotesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovariousTofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleToseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachToexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaA)ProducetheappropriatePresstheright-handleverRaisetheirheadsabovetheSwimstraightintothesameA)OnlyonedolphinwasabletoseetheThemaledolphinreceivedmoreBothdolphinswereputinthesameTheleverwasbeyondthedolphins’Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)InabotanicalInalectureInaresortOnacattleA)ItisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireItisatthecentreofthefashionItremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralIthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictorianA)ItwasnamedafteralandownerintheoldItislocatedintheeasternpartofItisprotectedasparklandbyaspecialItwillbeusedasacentreforathleticA)ThebeautifulTherefreshingThemineralThevastSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustD)HespecializesininteralA)StudentswhoscoredlowstandardizedBlackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestStudentswhoareaccustomedtolivinginBlackstudentsfromfamilieswith A)TheyatthecollegedormsattheendoftheTheywereoftheuniversity’shousingTheygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhiteTheybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceA)TheirracialattitudesTheirtestscoresroseTheygrewboredofeachTheystartedngsimilarPassageQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)It epopularItwillchangetheconceptofIthasattractedworldwideItcanhelpsolveglobalfloodA)IthasbeenincreasedovertheIthasbeendrasticallycutbyItisstillfarfrombeingItcomesregularlyfromitsA)TheyarelesshealthythanweTheyarenotasexpensiveasTheyaremorenutritiousandTheyarenotasnaturalaswePassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HehasbettermemoriesofHewasaccusedoffamilyHeisahabitualHewaswronglyA)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisTheevidencefoundatthecrimeThetwovictims’ThetestimonyofhistwoA)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforFrightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectEyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’sManyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnessSECTIONDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36) improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37) Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear, anestimated7percentduetoa(39) inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.The(40) ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42) nation’sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.“(43) roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth. .Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,”Castrosaid. .Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants. .Mexico’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,andlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandPartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingInfaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.Intheme,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheInterernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefiniThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,S’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheDepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4coal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200bypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,Sdeliverstofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandHoweverscientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,SfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheWhataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyWhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.ThroughusingCO2,DutchfarmershavebeenabletoLong-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseofSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingAsanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisisandunethical不道德的)behaviorin“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,samemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribedInarebuttal反驳paperDrEdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingOrganizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-ItsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenThegoalincreasepeople’sworkItsrolehasbeenlargelyThegoalsmostpeoplesetareWhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofSettingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintoBusinessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticFinancialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenueGoalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalHowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsTheywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirTheycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmoreTheyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesTheyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywideWhatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sItsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalItexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-ItsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificItrunscountertotheexistingliteratureontheWhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinThelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherGoal-setting etoodeep-rootedincorporateThepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeStudyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinessPassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingFormostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?JustafewdecadesagoAsia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前undereconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyinthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywith direction.AstheneconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofernment.”ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“ernmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;ernmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingin2007,itwasdecisiveernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“bigernment.”IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantiernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugeernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattaenttotheideaofsmallerernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal财政的)policiesasaMeanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeanernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthattheknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandCopyingwestern-styleeconomicHeavyrelianceonthehandofTimelyreformofernmentatallFreemarketplusernmentWhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“ernmentistheproblem”(line4,Para.3)?ManysocialevilsarecausedbywrongernmentManysocialproblemsarisefromernment’sernmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicernmentregulationhinderseconomicWhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsinginSelf-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreeCooperationbetweentheernmentandAbandonmentofbigernmentbytheEffectivemeasuresadoptedbytheWhatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublicernmentdeficit?TheyurgetheernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicTheydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilTheygiveuptheideaofsmallerernmentandlessTheyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferentWhat’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanConservativeShrinkingLackofExcessivePartVDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)ontherightsideofpaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.MusicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrainSchoolsshouldaddmusicclasses,notcutthemNearly20yearsagoasmallstudyadvancedthe62thatlisteningtoMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajorcouldboostmentalfunctioningItwasnotlong63trademarkedMozarteffectproductsbegantoappealtoanxiousparentsaimingtoputtoddlers刚学步的孩子64thefasttracktoprestigiousuniversitieslikeHarvardandYale.Georgia’sernoreven65givingeverynewbornthereaclassicalCDorThe66forMozarttherapyturnedouttobeweak,perhapsnonexistent,althoughstudyneverclaimedanythingmorethanatemporaryandlimitedeffect.Inrecent,scientistshaveexaminedthebenefitsofaconcerted69tostudyandpracticemusic,as70toplayingaMozartCDoracomputer-based“brainfitness”game71inawhile.Advancedmonitoring72haveenabledscientiststoseewhathappens73yourheadwhenyoulistentoyourmotherandactuallypracticetheviolinforanhoureveryafternoon.Andtheyhavefoundthatmusic74canproduceprofoundandlastingchangesthat75thegeneralabilitytolearn.Theseresultsshould76publicofficialsthatmusicclassesarenotameredecoration,ripefordiscardinginthebudgetcrisesthatconstantly77publicStudieshaveshownthat78instrumenttrainingfromanearlyagecanhelpthebrainto79soundsbettermakingiteasiertostayfocusedwhenabsorbingothersubjects,fromliteraturetomathematics.Themusicallyadept(擅长的)arebetterableto80onabiologylessondespitethenoiseintheclassroom81afewyearslatertofinishacallwithaclientwhenacolleagueinthenextofficestartsscreamingasubordinate.Theycanattendtoseveralthingsatonceinthementalscratchpadcalledworkingmemory,anessentialskillinthiseraofmultitasking.A)noticeB)noteC)notionA)thatB)untilC)sinceA)upB)byC)onA)propelledB)proposedC)submittedD)subjected66.A)witnessB)evidenceC)symptomD)context67.A)subtleB)elementaryC)sensitiveD)original68.A)howeverB)moreoverC)thenD)therefore69.A)effortB)impulseC)objectD)attention70.A)opposedB)accustomedC)relatedD)devoted71.A)quiteB)onceC)often72.A)organismsB)techniquesC)mechanisms73.A)uponB)amidC)amongD)inside74.A)subjectsB)modelsC)causesD)lessons75.A)enhanceB)introduceC)accelerateD)elaborate76.A)contendB)conveyC)conceiveD)convince77.A)troubleB)transformC)distractD)disclose78.A)urgentB)casualC)diligentD)solemn79.A)proceedB)processC)preferD)predict80.A)countB)concentrateC)insistA)butB)orC)forPartⅥTranslation(5Directions:Completeth