2007考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇智商测验

2007Text2sdaretl,eyrtnMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10thehadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–highestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?①It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.????1023岁时的水平，这使得她的智商高达228――是有萨文特面对普通人（100）提出的像“热爱与喜爱之间的区别是一个人能够回答难倒了一些最杰出的诗人和哲学家的问题，这可并不那么显而易见。mental adj.精神的,智力的verbal adj.口头的（言语（形容词后缀）＝：不用语言的analogy n.,类推【习】haveananalogyto/with具有与...相似之处;byanalogy用类推法【例】Noanalogyexistsbetweenthem.两者毫无相似之处。envision vt.想象,预想numerical adj.,用数表示的fondness n.,溺爱coincidencen.一致,相合,同时发生或同时存在(尤指偶然)的事（）+（）：两个小的事情同时发生【例】Whatacoincidence.多巧啊。elude 躲避1、It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.其中原因并不为人所知。twetovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalsuitsone，toanswerquestions是宾语补足语，而questions后又跟了一个定语从句。visualizeimaginehadahardtimetovisualizethesceneasitwasdescribed.（他难以设想所描绘的场景）elude表示躲避，也可表示理解不了，想不起来。根据句中的意思，可以译为回答不了。例如：Theanswertothisquestioneludedmeforalongtime,perhapsbecauseitwassosimple.（这个1问题的答案我想了许久，也许是因为问题太简单了）Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?而聪明意味着什么？可以明确显示智力有多少？毫无疑问，智力包含的不仅仅是一次测试所得的分数。我们能够从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学以及其他领域了解的智力又有多少？环绕,包含或包括某事物encompass 包围,ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.isnowSuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoring②basedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplyOther by100.thechronologicalageandmultiplyingdividingthementalagebystandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.和威斯勒智力衡量表（试一般要花费几百美元，因此通常只有心理学家才进行这些测试，类型?萨文特得到100n.adj.,statistican.同等的人peerSuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringis2、ratherthanonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,basednowsimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.vos100populationstatistical（e（同龄人，l（智力年龄（人口分布统计，es（时间年龄或日历年龄。Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligence③Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.罗伯特?杰?斯顿伯格认为，这样的标准测试不可能评估在学校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素。在其名为“智力测试如何明智？”的文章中，斯顿伯格指出，传统的测试最恰当地评估了分析能力和语言表达能力，但没有测量创造性和实际知识，这些也是解决问题和在生活中取得成功的关键因素。而且，一旦2种群或环境发生变化，智商测试就不一定预测得那么准确。研究发现，如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试，那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能，但是，在高压力状况下，智商测试所得的结果与领导才能的关系是否定的，也就是说，它预测的结果是相反的。任何经历过学术能力检测的人都会认为，应试能力也很重要，无论是知道何时应该进行推测，还是知道应该忽略什么问题。elements n.原理,基础predict 预知,预言,预报【巧】pre（先）＋dict（说）＝predict（在发生之前就说了，也就是预言）【例】predictrainfortomorrow预告明天有雨3、Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.【译文】Sternberg认为传统的测试最能评定分析技能和语言技能，但却无法测定创造力和实际知识，而这些部分对解决问题和人生的成功也起着至关重要的作用。Sternbergthattraditionalassessanalyticalandverbalfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledgecreativityandpracticalknowledge的同位语。同位语的完整结构是components(thatare)alsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess。【讲词】note作动词，可以译为注意到或认为。类似的动词有observe,maintain,argue,pointout等。asses意为评估，估定，其名词是assessment。assess的同义词有evaluate,determine,gauge,measure等。Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?Answeringphilosophicalquestions.Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.Tellingthedifferencebetweencertainconcepts.Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.26.[D]判断题。请问在智商测试中要求我们做到什么?根据IQ测试，返回原文第一段第三句‘IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtoel,grr.“回答一些哲学问题”是一个文中未提及的信息;选项[B];选项[C][D]“选择与已给出单同或者图表相类似的那一个”中的wordsverbal,graphsvisual,similartoanalogy为正确答案。6（o（o）一些图形或数字的能力；或进行文字和图像的类比，当然不用回答哲学问题A；也不要你动手去折叠或去剪一张纸B；Ctsts（或称为表语（在主语从句中，how为引导词，这个主语从句中的“主+谓+宾”分别是thecapacity(主)+suits(谓)+onetoanswerquestions(双宾语)。WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.3Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.27.[C]?选项IQ测试结果作为智商的衡量标准”与原文第三段首句“ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore();原文第二段第二句阐述现在智力测试只有两个版本“the???????e“科学家已经为人类智商的重要因素下了定义[C]“成人和孩子的智商测试内容是不同的”对应原文第兰段第二句中括号里的内容甥???环瘠牥楳湯。PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant'sbecausethescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.vosSavant'scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.28.[A]细节事实题为什么人们不可能再获得像vosSavant那样的智商测试高分?对应原文第二段第四句，ecausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,??桴????条???祢ㄠ而且与原文第四段第二句“Sternbergnotesthattraditionalteststsldlstloeydl选项[C]vosSavant;选项[D]“智力测试特为正确选项。问题：人们如今已经很难达到萨文特的高分了，因为现在的分数是通过不同的计算模式得出的，选统