British-culture1英国基本信息解析

LeadInCultureDefinitionAccordingtotheOxfordDictionary,ithasthefollowingmeanings:1.refinedunderstandingandappreciationofart,literature,etc.2.stateofintellectualdevelopmentofasociety3.particularformofintellectualexpression4.customs,arts,socialinstitutions,etcofaparticulargrouporpeople.Thislectureaimstohelptogetaninsider’sviewaboutBritish&AmericanCultures.

WikipediaItisatermthathasvariousmeanings.However,itismostcommonlyusedin3basicsenses.1.excellenceoftasteinthefineartsandhumanities,alsoknownashighculture2.anintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatdependsuponthecapacityforsymbolicthoughtandsociallearning.3.thestareofsharedattitude,values,goals,andpracticesthatcharacterizesaninstitution,organizationorgroupUnionFlagcombinationFullpicturePatronSaint守护神&FlagNamePatronSaintFlagFeastDayEnglandSt.George23rdAprilScotlandSt.Andrew30thNovemberWalesSt.David1stMarchNorthernIrelandSt.Patrick17thMarchItconsistsoftheredcrossofSaintGeorge(patronsaintofEngland),edgedinwhite,superimposedontheCrossof

StPatrick(patronsaintofIreland),whicharesuperimposedontheSaltireofSaintAndrew(patronsaintofScotland).Wales,however,isnotrepresentedintheUnionFlagbyWales'patronsaint,SaintDavid,asatthetimetheflagwasdesignedWaleswaspartoftheKingdomofEngland.RoyalcoatofarmsoftheUnitedKingdomCapital&EmblemNameCapitalCityNationalEmblem国花EnglandLondonScotlandEdinburghWalesCardiffNorthernIrelandBelfastroseThistle蓟花leekanddaffodil韭菜和水仙花Shamrock白花醡浆草RoseandEnglandTheWarofRosesTwofamilies:theHouseofYork(whiterose)andtheHouseofLancaster(redrose)HenryVII(theLancaster)andElizabethofYork(theYork)TheTudorRoseHenryVIIIandthestabilizationofthethroneinEngland

ThistleandScotlandAprickly花椒-leafedpurpleflowerFirstusedinthe15thcenturyasasymbolofdefenceKingMcBethandtheVikingraiders狙击手ontheScottishcoastLeek,DaffodilandWalesThecolorsgreenandwhiteDaffodilwasusedinthefifteenthcenturyasasignofrecognitionbysupportersofHenryVII.Leekwasusedasacapbadge徽章inbattletotellfriendfromfoe.

BotharewornonSt.David’sday.ShamrockandIrelandAthree-leafedplantUsedbySt.PatricktoillustratethedoctrineoftheHolyTrinityTriads,orgroupsofthree,wereofmajorsignificanceinancientIreland.IncludedinthebouquetofanIrishbride,andalsointheboutonniereofthegroomAnintegralpartofanoldtraditioncalled"drowningtheshamrock."Theshieldisquartered,depictinginthefirstandfourthquartersthethreepassantguardantlionsofEngland;inthesecond,therampantlionanddoubletressureflory-counterfloryofScotland;andinthethird,aharpforNorthernIreland.Thecrestisastatantguardantlionwearingtheimperialcrown,himselfonanotherrepresentationofthatcrown.Thedexter

supporterisalikewisecrownedEnglishlion;thesinister,aScottishunicorn.ThecoatfeaturesboththemottoofEnglishmonarchs,Dieuetmondroit(Godandmyright),andthemottooftheOrderoftheGarter,Honisoitquimalypense(Shamedbehewhothinksillofit)onarepresentationoftheGarterbehindtheshield.英国国徽,即英王徽。中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红底上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金底上半站立的金狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝底上金黄色竖琴，象征北爱尔兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、分别代表英格兰和苏格兰的狮子和独角兽守护。盾徽四周用法文写着一句格言"Honisoitquimalypense"，意为“心怀邪念者可耻”；下端悬挂着嘉德勋章，饰带上用法文写着"Dieuetmondroit"，意为“天有上帝，我有权利”。盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。底部的绿地中有玫瑰（英格兰），蓟（苏格兰），韭菜（威尔士）以及三叶草（爱尔兰）。Honisoitquimalypense出处：“Honisoitquimalypense”（法语，心怀邪念者可耻）这句话绣在环围着王室盾形徽章的NationalAnthem英国国歌庆典版\英国国歌庆典版.flv1.GodsaveourgraciousQueen,

LongliveournobleQueen,

GodsavetheQueen!

Sendhervictorious,

Happyandglorious,

Longtoreignoverus;

GodsavetheQueen!2.OLordourGodarise,

Scatterherenemies

Andmakethemfall;

Confoundtheirpolitics,

Frustratetheirknavishtricks,

OnTheeourhopeswefix,

Godsaveusall!3.Thychoicestgiftsinstore

Onherbepleasedtopour;

Longmayshereign;

Mayshedefendourlaws,

Andevergiveuscause

Tosingwithheartandvoice,

GodsavetheQueen!4.Notinthislandalone,

ButbeGod'smerciesknown,

Fromshoretoshore!

Lordmakethenationssee,

Thatmenshouldbrothersbe,

Andformonefamily,

Thewideworldover.5.Fromeverylatentfoe,

Fromtheassassinsblow,

GodsavetheQueen!

O'erherthinearmextend,

ForBritain'ssakedefend,

Ourmother,prince,andfriend,

GodsavetheQueen!上帝保佑女王，祝她万寿无疆，神佑女王。常成功，沐荣光；孚民望，心欢畅；治国家，王运长；神佑女王！

扬神威，张天网，保王室，歼敌人，一鼓涤荡。破阴谋，灭奸党，把乱萌一扫光；让我们齐仰视，神佑女王！

愿上帝恩泽长，选精品，倾宝囊，万岁女王！愿她疼惜法律，使民心齐归向，一样诚意歌颂，神佑女王！

PartI.

BritishCulture

Chapter1

WhoAretheBritish?

FocalPointsBritain&BritishIn1975,thegovernmentaffirmedthatthetermBritain,notGreatBritaincouldbeusedasashortenedformoftheUnitedKingdom.BritishreferstoallcitizensoftheUnitedKingdom,includingWelsh,Scottish,EnglishandNorthernIrish.ThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandtheNorthernIreland.

1535ActofUnionWales+England(TheLawsinWalesActs1535and1542(Welsh:)wereparliamentarymeasuresbywhichthelegalsystemofWaleswasannexedtoEnglandandthenormsofEnglishadministrationintroduced.Theintentionwastocreateasinglestateandasinglelegaljurisdiction;frequentlyreferredtoasEnglandandWales.TheActswerepassedduringthereignofKingHenryVIIIofEngland,whocamefromtheWelshTudordynasty.:///wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535%E2%80%931542)

1707ActofUnionScotland+England(TheActsofUnionweretwoActsofParliament:theUnionwithScotlandAct1706passedbytheParliamentofEnglandandtheUnionwithEnglandActpassedin1707bytheParliamentofScotland.TheywereputintoeffectthetermsoftheTreatyofUnionthathadbeenagreedon22July1706,followingnegotiationbetweencommissionersrepresentingtheparliamentsofthetwocountries.TheActsjoinedtheKingdomofEnglandandtheKingdomofScotland(previouslyseparatestates,withseparatelegislaturesbutwiththesamemonarch)intoasingle,unitedkingdomnamed"GreatBritain".:///wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707)1801ActofUnionIreland+GreatBritain(Passedon2July1800and1August1800respectively,thetwinActsunitedtheKingdomofGreatBritainandtheKingdomofIrelandtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.:///wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800)1922Irelandwaspartitioned.6countiesthereofUlster,inthenorthremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdom.

英国史AHistoryOfBritain01.Beginnings.flv3.Stoneh