教学目的学习翻译技巧词类转移法

Topic14

Conversion说明教学目的：学习翻译技巧——词类转移法教学重点与难点：怎样使用词类转移法使译文忠实、明确、生动教学方法：技巧讲解和翻译实践相结合教学参考书：郭著章，《英汉互译实用教程》；冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》；张培基，《英汉翻译教程》；孙致礼.新编英汉翻译教程[M].上外教出版社；彭长江.英汉－汉英翻译教程[M].湖南师大出版社；陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社，2004等ContentsDefinition

1Conversion

into

Verbs

2Conversion

into

nouns

3Conversion

into

adj.

4Conversion

into

adv.5Assignments

6DefinitionByconversionitismeantthatintranslationawordofacertaintype/classintheSLtextisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintoawordofthesametype/classintheTLtext.Awordoftenhastobeconvertedintoadifferentwordtype/classsoastoconformtotheusageoftheTLduetodifferencesinsyntacticstructuresandidiomaticexpressionsofthetwolanguages.Examples:1.Talkingwithhisson，theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman'spastwrongdoings．和儿子谈话时，老人是年轻人过去做错事的原谅者。在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了儿子过去做的错事。2.Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经发现为宇宙探索的应用。火箭已经用来探索宇宙。theendConversionintoVerbs英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。1.IamafraidIcan'tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.(Noun)我恐怕不能教你游泳。我想我弟弟比我教得好。Examples:2.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。3.Theserusticlassiesaregoodsingers.这些乡下小姑娘唱歌唱得很好。4."Coming!"Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。Moreexamples:5.…thatweherehighlyresolve…,thatthisnationunderGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom,andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.所以我们要在这里表示最大的决心......；这个国家在上帝的保佑下，一定要获得自由的新生；民有、民治、民享的政府决不会从地球上消失。注释英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed等。Examples:7.Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。8.SuchcriticismshavebecomefamiliarinhislatercommentariesonAmerica.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。9.Thatdayhewasupbeforesunrise.那天他在日出以前就起来了。theendConversionintonouns1.徐悲鸿画马画得不错。XuBeihong’sdrawings(paintings)ofhorsesareexceptionallygood.(动——名+of)2.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。Examples:3.一定要少说空话，多做工作。Theremustbelessemptytalkandmorehardwork.(副+动+宾——形+主)4.ItwasofficiallyannouncedthattheyagreedonareplytotheSovietUnion.官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信一事取得了一致的意见。theendConversionintoadjectives1.Asheisaperfectstrangerinthecity,Ihopeyouwillgivehimthenecessaryhelp.他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。2.Shehasbeautystill,and,ifitisnotinitsheyday,itisnotyetinitsautumn.她依然很美，如果不是芳华正茂，也还不到迟暮之年。3.Thecomputerischieflycharacterizedbyitsaccurateandquickcomputations.这台计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。theendConversionintoadverbs1.HehadthehonortoattendthePeople’sCongress.他光荣地出席了人民代表大会。2.Canyougiveanaccuratetranslationofthesentence?你能确切地把这句话译出来吗？theendAssignments1)Thegovernmentcalledfortheestablishmentofmoretechnicalschools.2)Wehavedecidedtoplaceatrialorderforthefollowingonthetermsstatedinyourletter.3)Itisalreadydark,andthechorusofinsectsandfrogsisinfullswing.4)Thispupilisagoodwriter.5)Hemadenomentionoftheroadaccidentat11:30lastnight.6)Upthestreettheywent,paststores,acrossabroadsquare,andthenenteredahugebuilding.7)Pleaseletusknowifourtermsareacceptable.8)WeareespeciallythankfultoyouforarrangingthemeetingforuswiththeMachineryTradingDelegationatsuchshortnotice.9)Themanagerwillbebackinaboutanhour.10)Youarekindlyrequestedto“accept”thisdraftbysigningontheback.11)Thiscourseofstudyisdesignedtohelpthosewishingtoteachabroad.12)ThequestionofUnitedStatesarmssalestoTaiwanwasnotsettledinthecourseofnegotiationsbetweenthetwocountries(US&China)onestablishingdiplomaticrelations.13)Theseheroesarerespectedbyeverybodyinthecountry.14)Gorkyhadgreatsympathyforthepoorandthedown-trodden.15)Theywereconsideredinsincere.16)Wefounddifficultyinsolvingthiscomplicatedproblem.17)Thegarden-partyisagreatsuccess.Answers1)政府号召建立更多的技术学校。2)根据来函条款，我公司决定试订下列货物。4)这个小学生文章写得不错。5)他只字未提昨晚11点半发生的交通事故。6)他们沿着大街走，经过许多商店，穿过一个