2023年大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案

2023年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyentitledHowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.

网络提供应了人们丰富多彩和便捷旳生活2.

诸多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行3.

你对网络依赖症旳见解HowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TimeOfffromWorkGainsinImportanceAmericanworkersaresayingtheyneedabreak.Astheirnumberofhoursclockedonthejobhascrepthigher,moretimeoffhasbecomeabiggerpriority.Inthepastfewyears,humanresourcesexpertssaytimeoffhasconsistentlyplacedamongthetopthreeemployeeconcerns,alongwithcompensationandstaffinglevels,whereasitusedtobefartherdownthelist.InaSalarypolltakenonlineinNovember2023,39%ofworkerssaidifgiventhechoice,theywouldchoosetimeoffovertheequivalentinadditionalbasesalary.Ofcourse,mostofthe4,600respondentsarestilloptingforthebiggerpaycheck,butthedesirefortimeoffisupalmost20%fromjustthreeyearsagowhenSalaryconductedasimilarpoll.Thereasonsforthisshiftaremanyandvaried.Somehavetodowiththewayanewgenerationisthinkingaboutwork,whileothersaredrivenbyhowcompaniesarerespondingtorecenteconomicpressures.ANewGenerationTheresultsmayinpartrepresenttheneedsofanewbreedofworkers.TheaverageAmericanisworkingonemonth(160hours)moreeachyearthanagenerationago.AccordingtorecruitingandhumancapitalmanagementexpertJohnSumser,youngerworkersworkformeaningfirstandmoneysecond.Hegoesontowarnemployersthatthesearethepeoplewhoarethefoundationforthenextworkforceandtheymaynotbuytheexistingparadigm(范例).Astudyreleasedinlate2023bytheNewYork-basedFamiliesandWorkInstituteconcludesthatthenewbrandofyoungworkersisrejectingthework-centricstyleoftheirparents’generation.Thestudy,whichexamineschangesintheworkforceoverthepast25years,foundthatyoungerworkersaremorelikelytobe“family-centric”or“dual-centric”(withequalprioritiesonbothcareerandfamily)ratherthan“work-centric”whencomparedtomembersoftheBoomerGeneration.September11thandtheEndoftheRoaringNinetiesTheimpactoftheterroristattacksofSeptember11thcutacrossallagegroupsoftheworkforce.Wecollectivelyenteredanewera,reevaluatinglife’sprioritiesandmakingchangesinourattitudetowardtimespentatworkversushobbiesandfamily.“Istartedlookingatthingscompletelydifferently.I’vebeenfarlesswillingtoputinthe14-hourdaysnecessarytogetnoticedandclimbthecorporateladder,”saidTonyJackson,a43-year-oldemployeeofaNewYorkCity-basedfinancialservicescompany.“Frankly,Ican’tseethatchanging.”EvenbeforeSeptember11th,someexpertssaytheslowshiftinworkerattitudeswasalreadyunderwayduetotheendoftheroaring1990’s,whenhourswerelongandsignificantpersonalwealthwascreated.Forthosewhofaredwellfinancially,someoptedforcareersofcontractworkwheretheycouldcallmoreoftheshotspertainingto(与……有关旳)timeoff,ornewoccupationswithgreaterpersonalrewards.Forothers,eveniftheirbankaccountswerenotspillingoverfromAmerica’seconomicheyday(全盛时期),theirownenergyhadbeendepletedduetounrelenting(毫不松懈旳)yearsofworkhoursandhighstress.Theywerereadyforsomethinglesstaxing.FamiliesandWorkInstitutePresidentandco-founderEllenGalinskyagrees.ShesaystheSalarypollnumbersshowevidenceofanincreaseinneedfortimeoffandashiftinthinkingduetothefactthatworkershavebeenpushedtotheirlimitinrecentyears.“Thisnewgenerationofworkersisattheedgeofhowlongtheycanwork.Itjustfeelsliketoomuch.Theyarenotslackers(懒虫);theyjustdon’twantmore,”saysGalinsky.MonetaryNeedsLessIntenseDuetoDualIncomeHouseholds“We’vedecidedweprefertohavemoretimetoourselves,”saysCarolKornhaber,aNewEnglandsoftwareprogrammerinherlatetwenties.Kornhaberandherhusbandarebothworkingbuthavesoughtoutjobswheretheyarenotpressedtoputinlonghours.Instead,theyhaveinsisteduponeight-hourdaysandhavingenoughvacationtimetotravel,amajorinteresttheyshare.Financialpressuresareeasedbybothofthemworkingandkeepingacarefulwatchontheirexpenses.“Weareluckyinalotofwaystohavefoundbosseswhounderstandourneeds.”BurnoutTryingtosqueezemoreproductivityoutofworkersmaybenothingnew,butithasbecomeparticularlyacuteinrecentyears.Thishasbeendueinlargemeasuretorecession-inducedlayoffsandothertrendssuchastherisingcostofhealthcarebenefits.Afteralayoff,workerswhoremainbehindareoftenaskedtopickupmostorevenalltheloadofthepeoplewhowereletgo,requiringmoreandmorehoursattheoffice.Asnewcorporateinitiativesareplanned,theinverseisalsotrue.AsSumserobserves,“theadditionalworkload,whichrunsacrosstheeconomyfromtheofficeworkertothemanufacturingline,seemstobeafunctionofthecostofbenefits.Theregulationsmakeitcheapertoaddworkloadforexistingemployeesthantohirenewplayers.”TheFamiliesandWorkInstitutereportsthatnearlyonethirdofU.S.employeesoftenorveryoftenfeeloverworkedoroverwhelmedbyhowmuchworktheyhavetodo.Nearlythreeoutoffourreportthattheyfrequentlydreamaboutdoingsomethingdifferentfromtheircurrentjob.ShowMetheMoneyOverworkedornot,themajorityintheSalarypollstillchosetofattentheirpaycheckifgiventhechoice.Formany,itwasapracticalmatter.SaysPeggyJones,anaccountantinaBostonareabusinessservicescompany,“IalreadygetthreeweeksayearthatIcan’tuseupbecauseI’msobusy.I’ddefinitelygofortheextramoneytopaysomebillsormakeabigpurchaseI’vebeenholdingoffon.”ForJones,therealitiesofrunningahouseholdandsavingupforcollegeforherchildrensimplyneedtotakeprecedenceoverextrafreetime.CompaniesAreAlreadyRespondingTomanyhumanresourcesexpertsitisinevitablethat,giventhegrowinghealthoftheeconomyandtheupcomingpopulation-drivenlaborshortagesastheBoomerGenerationmovesintoretirement,thependulumofcontrolintheemployee-employerrelationshipwillswingbacktotheemployeeside.Thatisexpectedtobegininjustafewyears.Accordingtohumanresourcesexpert,LarrySchumer,atSalary,“sincemostcompaniessucceedbasedonamotivatedandcapableworkforce,theyhaveofferedandwillcontinuetooffermorepaidflexibility,whetheritbethroughtriedandtestedtime-offprogramsorthenextgreatidea.”Wherewillthatnewbalanceofemployerversusemployeeneedslie?Time,orperhapstimeoff,surelywilltell.1.Whichofthefollowinghasbeenrisinginimportanceinthepastfewyears?A)Compensation.B)Timeoff.C)Righttovote.D)Staffinglevels.2.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthattheBoomerGenerationisconcerned________.A)aboutfamilyandworkequallyB)moreaboutworkC)moreaboutfamilyD)aboutneitherworknorfamily3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTonyJackson?A)Heis43yearsold.B)Heworksinafinancialservicescompany.C)Hehaschangedhislifeandworkattitude.D)Hespends14hoursadayonhiswork.4.WhendidAmericanworkersgraduallybegintochangetheirattitudestowardswork?A)AfterSeptember11. B)InNovember2023.C)Inlate2023. D)Attheendoftheroaring1990’s.5.AccordingtoEllenGalinsky,whydidworkerschangetheirmindaboutwork?A)Theyhavebeenpushedtothelimitoftheirworkinghours.B)Theyincreasedtheirneedtoenjoylife.C)Theyhavemorerightsthanbefore.D)Theydon’twanttoworkforaliving.6.CarolKornhaberandherhusbanddon’thavetoomuchfinancialpressurebecause___________.A)theyhaveparentswhoarerichB)theydon’thavechildrentofeedC)theybothhaveahighsalaryD)theybothhaveworkandtheyarethrifty7.Afteralayoff,theemployeeswhokeeptheirjobsusuallyhaveto___________.A)findanotherjobincasetheyarefiredB)dowhattheirbossestellthemtoC)worklongerhourstoavoidbeingfiredD)dotheworkleftbythelaid-offworkers8.AccordingtoSalary,comparedwiththreeyearsago,thedesirefortimeoffisupalmost________________________.9.AccordingtothepollfromSalary,themajorityofemployeespreferredto________________________iftheyhadthechoice.10.LarrySchumersaidthatmostcompaniessucceededbasedonamotivatedandcapable__________________________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.

B)Shewaspopularamongboys.

C)Shewassomewhatoverweight.

D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.12.A)Attheairport.

B)Inarestaurant.

C)Inabookingoffice.

D)Atthehotelreception.13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.

B)Havingconfidenceinherson.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.

D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.

B)Taketwoweeksoff.

C)Continueherworkoutdoors.

D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.B)Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.

D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.

B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.

C)Sheplantstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.

D)SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.

B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.

C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.

D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.

B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.

D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.

B)Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.

C)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.

D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20.A)Itendsinwinter.

B)Itwillcostheralot.

C)Itwilllastoneweek.

D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.

B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.

C)Theremightbeatrafficjam.

D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.

B)Attheairport.

C)Intheman’scar.

D)Bythesideofataxi.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.

B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.

C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.

D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.

B)Travelagent.

C)Languageinstructor.

D)Environmentalengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.

B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.

、D)Educationandexperience.SectionB注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.

B)Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C)Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.

D)Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.

27.A)Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.

C)Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.

D)Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.

28.A)Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B)Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D)Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.

29.A)Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.

B)Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.

C)Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.

D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Hesufferedfrommentalillness.

B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.C)Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.

D)Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.

B)ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.

C)Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.

D)Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.

32.A)Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.

B)KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.

C)AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.

D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.

B)It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.

C)It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.

D)It’llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.

34.A)Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.

B)Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.

C)Theycanonlyvisitdoctorwhospeaktheirnativelanguages.

D)Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.

35.A)Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.

B)Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.

C)Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.

D)Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.

SectionC

Moreandmoreoftheworld’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(36)________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries(37)________twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.

The(38)_________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery(39)_________signsoftroubleinthe(40)___________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe(41)___________ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe(42)__________workinginfactories.Now,however,the(43)____________isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:(44)_____________________.

Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;(45)__________________________.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.(46)_______________________________agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RockandrollisagenreofpopularmusicthatevolvedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1940sandearly1950s.Its47____liemainlyinblues,rhythmandblues,country,folk,gospel,andjazz.Thestylesubsequentlyspreadtotherestoftheworldanddevelopedfurther,leadingultimatelyto48____rockmusic.Theterm“rockandroll”nowcoversatleasttwodifferentmeanings,bothincommonusage.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryandtheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryboth49____rockandrollassynonymouswithrockmusic.50____,Allwordsdefinesthetermasreferringspecificallytothemusicofthe1950s.Classicrockandrollis51____playedwithoneortwoelectricguitars,astringbassoranelectricbassguitar,andadrumkit.Inthe52____rockandrollstylesofthelate1940s,eitherthepianoorsaxophonewasoftentheleadinstrument,buttheseweregenerally53____orsupplementedbytheguitarinthemiddletolate1950s.Themassivepopularityandeventualworldwideviewofrockandrollgaveita54____socialimpact.Farbeyondsimplyamusicalstyle,rockandroll,asseeninmoviesandinthenewmediumoftelevision,55____lifestyles,fashion,attitudes,andlanguage.Itwentontospawnvarioussub-genres,oftenwithouttheinitially56____backbeat,thatarenowmorecommonlycalledsimply“rockmusic”or“rock”.A)define I)followedB)characteristic J)modernC)unique K)explanationD)roots L)ConverselyE)usually M)replacedF)Basically N)prepareG)earliest O)seldom H)influencedSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Accordingtoareport,around30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoollastyearwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old.MPs(国会议员)warnedthatmanyyoungpeoplewouldneed“expensive”remediallessonsinlaterlifetogetajob—posingmajorproblemsfortheeconomy.ThefindingscamejustmonthsafterOfsted(教育原则办公室)claimedalmosthalfofmathlessonsinEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.Itsaidmanyteachersreliedontextbooksandmundaneexercisestomakesurepupilspassedexamsattheexpenseofaproperunderstandingofthesubject.MPsbackedtheconclusions,sayingtoomanypupilsfoundlessons“boring”.TheyinsistedimprovementshadbeenmadeunderLaborbutachievementhad“leveledoff”inrecentyears.In2023,79percentofpupilsmettheGovernment’sexpectedstandardattheendofprimaryschool,wellshortofthe85percenttargetsetfor2023.Aroundfivepercentmovedtosecondaryschoolwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old,saidthecommittee.In2023,￡2.3billionwasspentteachingthesubject.Itequatestoaroundaquarterofthe￡10billiontotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaff.ThereportsaidtheDepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies(DCSF)neededto“radicallyrethinkitsstrategyforimprovingpupilattainment;otherwiseweseriouslydoubtthatthedepartmentwillmeetits2023target”.Thetargetdemandsthat84.5percentofpupilswillmakethenecessaryprogressbetween7and11.Lastyear,theDCSFpublishedamajorreviewofmatheducationinEnglandtobooststandards.Itcalledforamathspecialistineveryprimaryschoolwithin10yearsandmoreemphasisonmathematical“play”innurseryschools.Mr.Leighsaid,“Thedepartment’s10-yearprogramtotrain13,000specialistmathteacherswillnotbenefitsomeprimaryschoolsforanotherdecade.That’sfartoolong;thedepartmentneedstolookforwaystoacceleratetheprogram.”SarahMcCarthyFry,theSchoolsMinister,said,“Wehavealreadyacceptedthemainrecommendationfromarecentindependentreviewofprimarymaththateveryschoolshouldhaveaspecialistmathteacherandhavepledged￡24millionoverthenextthreeyearsforatrainingprogramforteachers.”NickGibb,theToryshadowschoolssecretary,said,“TheGovernmentisnotgettingvalueforthemoneytheyhavepiledintoeducationandthecountryisfallingbehindininternationalleaguetablesasaresult.TheGovernmenthasfailedtoreplacemethodsofteachingwhichhavefailedwithtriedandtestedmethodsusedincountriesthathavemuchhigherlevelsofmathachievement.”57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoolwithpoormathskills.B)MPsinsistmoreimprovementsshouldbemadeunderLabor.C)Youngpeopleneedmedicallessonstogetajob.D)HalfofEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.58.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedin2023?A)21%ofpupilsdidn’tmeettheGovernment’sexpectedstandard.B)Thetargetsetfor2023was87percent.C)￡2.3billionwasspentonmathteaching.D)Thetotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaffwas￡5billionin2023.59.WhatwillpeopleprobablydotoimprovematheducationinEngland?A)Spendmoneyontrainingspecialistmathteachers.B)Hireamathspecialistforeveryprimaryschool.C)Allowpupilstohavemoremathematical“play”.D)Spendmoretimeonmatheducation.60.WhatdoNickGibb’swordsmean?A)TheBritishgovernmentshouldputmoremoneyintomatheducation.B)Britainisfallingbehindintheinternationalknowledgecompetition.C)TheBritishgovernmentshouldlearnfromothercountries’failures.D)TheBritishgovernmentshouldchangetheirteachingmethodseveryfewyears.61.What’sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?A)Therearen’tenoughmathteachersinBritishprimaryschools.B)TheBritishgovernmentdidn’tspendenoughmoneyonmatheducation.C)Britishpupilsarenotgoodatmath.D)MathlessonsinBritishprimaryschoolsneedtobeimproved.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Conservationistscallthemhotspots—habitatsthatcoverjust1.4percentoftheearth’slandsurfacebutaresorichinbiologicaldiversitythatpreservingthemcouldkeepanastonishingnumberofplantandanimalspeciesofftheendangeredlist.Since1988,whenDr.NormanMyersandhiscolleaguesbegandescribingthesehotspotsinaseriesofscientificpapersandarguingfortheirprotection,theyhavebecomeafocusofworldwideconservationefforts.Privateorganizationsandgovernmentagencies,includingtheWorldBank,havemadepreserving25suchecologicalarksatoppriorityforfinancingandprotectivelegislation.Butagrowingchorusofscientistsiswarningthatdirectingconservationfundstohotspotsmaybearecipeformajorlossesinthefuture.Ofspeciesthatliveonland,nearlyhalfofallplantsandmorethanathirdofallanimalsarefoundonlyinthehotspots.Buttheydonotincludemanyrarespeciesandmajoranimalgroupsthatliveinlessbiologicallyrichregions(“coldspots”).Andthehot-spotconceptdoesnotfactorintheimportanceofsomeecosystemstohumanbeings,thescientistsargue.Thisdebatehasbeensimmeringquietlyamongbiologistsforyears;however,itiscomingtoaboilnowwiththepublicationofanarticleinthecurrentissueofAmericanScientistarguingthat“callstodirectconservationfundingtotheworld’sbiodiversityhotspotsmaybebadinvestmentadvice.”“Thehot-spotconcepthasgrownsopopularinrecentyearswithinthelargerconservationcommunitythatitnowriskseclipsingallotherapproaches,”writetheauthorsofthepaper.“Theofficersanddirectorsofalltoomanyfoundations,non-governmentalorganizationsandinternationalagencieshavebeenseducedbythesimplicityofthehotspotidea,”theygoon.“Weworrythattheinitiallyappealingideaofgettingthemostspeciesperunitareais,infact,athoroughlymisleadingstrategy.”Buthotspotshavetheirardentdefenders,notablyDr.NormanMyersandDr.RussellMittermeier.Dr.Myerssayshotspotshavebeensuccessfulatattractingattentionandfinancingforconservationintropicalcountries.“Andthathasbeengood,”hesaid.“Nooneissuggestingthatoneinvestsolelyinhotspots,butifyouwanttoavoidextinctions,youhavetoinvestinthem.”62.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.A)ADebateonPreservingHotSpotsB)AnIntroductiontoHotSpotsC)HotSpotsvs.ColdSpotsD)HowtoFinanceHotSpots63.Hotspotsoccupyasmallpercentageoftheearth’slandsurfacewith_____________.A)athirdofallplantsB)manymajoranimalgroupslivingincoldspotsC)richbiologicaldiversityD)manyrarespecieslivingincoldspots64.Criticsofhotspotsholdtheopinionthat________.A)hotspotsarealwaysasimportantascoldspotsB)itisunwisetoinvestlargelyinhotspotsC)governmentsshouldchoosethebesttimetoinvestinhotspotsD)thehot-spotapproachisamisleadingstrategyfromtheverybeginning65.AccordingtoDr.NormanMyers,_________.A)protectingandinvestinginhotspotscansavespeciesfromextinctionB)conservationeffortsshouldnotcenteronhotspotsC)governmentsshouldinvestmostincoldspotsD)thehot-spotapproachnowisnotasgoodasitwasinthepast66.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthehot-spotapproach?A)Critical.B)Neutral.C)Supportive.D)Doubtful.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Everyoneknowshandwashingisimportant.Butanewstudyshowshowwashingyourhands_67_,andattherighttime,canhaveabigimpactonyourfamily’sriskofgettingsick.Moststudiesonhandwashingfocuson_68_andfoodserviceworkers.Butthismonth’sAmericanJournalofInfectionControlfocusesonwashinghandsat_69_asawaytostopinfectionsfrom_70_.Severalstudiesshowhandsarethesinglemostimportant_71_routeforalltypesofinfections.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowtowashtheirhandsafterusingthetoiletorhandlingadiaper(尿布),studies_72_manypeoplearestillendingupwithgermsontheirhands.Onestudylookedinhomesof_73_recentlyvaccinatedagainstpolio(脊髓灰质炎).Aftervaccination,thevirusis