炎症与免疫研究进展唐宏

炎症与免疫研究进展唐宏中科院感染免疫重点实验室1a炎症的病理特征与进程炎症的局部临床特征是红、热、肿、痛和组织/器官功能衰竭红热:炎症局部血管扩张、血流加快所致。肿胀:局部炎症性充血、血液成分渗出引起。疼痛:渗出物压迫和炎症介质直接作用于神经末梢而引起疼痛。功能衰竭：基于炎症的部位、性质和严重程度将引起不同的功能障碍，如肺炎影响气血交换从而引起缺氧和呼吸困难/窘迫等。炎症通常可按其病程分为急性炎症和慢性炎症急性炎症：启动急骤，持续几天至一个月。有害刺激一旦去除，炎症也就随之消失。以血浆渗出和中性粒细胞浸润为主要特征。慢性炎症：持续数月至数年，以淋巴细胞和单核-巨噬细胞浸润以及微/小血管和结缔组织增生为主要病理学特征。2a炎症的细胞反响1、吞噬细胞是启动炎症反响的重要效应细胞，包括巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞。吞噬细胞通过其外表表达的多种受体(甘露糖受体，葡聚糖受体，Toll样受体等)，迅速识别并摄入外源微生物，形成吞噬体，继而与溶酶体结合形成吞噬溶酶体，微生物通过氧依赖或氧非依赖途径被杀伤。被激活的吞噬细胞同时分泌大量的促炎症因子和趋化因子〔IL-1，TNF，IL-6和KC/CXCL8等)，发挥多种非特异性效应，包括致炎，致热，趋化炎症细胞，激活免疫细胞，抑制病毒复制，胞毒作用等。中性粒细胞存在于外周血，寿命短，数量多；巨噬细胞是从血液中的单核细胞分化而来分布于不同组织中，寿命长，形体大，富含细胞器。2、NK细胞也是参与炎症反响的重要细胞，在多种细胞因子刺激下，杀伤感染细胞内的微生物并产生细胞因子，进一步促进炎症细胞发挥作用而产生级联放大效应。3、此外，DC、γδT、B1、肥大细胞、NKT、上皮细胞等在一定范围内参与炎症反响。3a炎症是所有具有血管系统的个体，其组织与细胞对损伤性因子/因素所产生的反响4aPAMPvsDAMP5a6aDongetal,NatMed(2007)Adaptiveimmunesystempreventsoverreactiveinnateimmunityintheinitialphaseofinfections7aA02040608010002468101214Balb/cNudeDaysafterinjection%survivalBCBalb/cNude23456Day2Day4LogPFU/gmLiverTNF-020406080100Balb/cNudepg/mlIFN-050100150200250Balb/cNudepg/mlBalb/cNudeP=0.02P=0.0602000400060008000Day2Day4ALT(U/L)Balb/cNudeP=0.7P=0.0501000200030004000Day2Day4AST(U/L)MCP-10100200300400500600Balb/cNudepg/mlIL-6020406080Balb/cNudepg/mlAcuteinfectioninimmunocompromisedmiceresultsinstrongerinnateimmuneresponsesHepatitisvirusinducedlethalityinnudemice8aCHoursafterPolyI:Cinjection020406080100012243648WtNude%SurvivalBAHoursafterPolyI:Cinjection020406080100012243648WtRag-/-%SurvivalD

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