chSTM最小系统开发工具介绍

CH3开发工具、方法及流程©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem1开发调试方法（1）简单设备调试串行口发光二极管示波器©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem2开发调试方法（2）高级工具调试Monitor方式：在目标系统与调试器内部分别添加一些功能模块，两者相互通信来实现调试功能BDM：背景调试模式，MotorolaJTAG（联合测试行动小组）：代价小，速度慢，软件断点Nexus：工业©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem3实时在线仿真系统ICE调试功能强大软硬件排错，优化系统性能硬件的费用较高GDB嵌入调试系统Cygwin/Linux步骤：安装系统、建立调试器、目标树桩（stub）命令行操作：Run、step、continue©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem4嵌入式系统开发特点需要交叉编译环境引入任务设计方法需要固化程序软件开发难度大©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem5需要交叉编译环境开发平台目标平台©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem6©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem7嵌入式系统远程调试方法有很多，但一般都具有以下特点：调试器和被调试进程运行在不同的机器上调试器通过某种通信方式与被调试进程建立联系在目标机上一般会具备某种形式的调试代理目标机可能是某种形式的系统仿真器基于主机环境的嵌入式程序开发©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem8基于目标环境的嵌入式程序开发©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem9基于仿真环境的嵌入式程序开发©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem10嵌入式系统产品的开发流程©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem11嵌入式系统的构建嵌入式开发平台解决方案产品化嵌入式系统一般开发流程需求分析阶段时间、成本设计阶段数据流分析任务划分定义任务间的接口生成代码代码编程交叉编译、链接交叉调试、测试©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem12嵌入式系统的一般开发流程图©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem131.需求分析需求获取和分析编写规格说明书需求评审和验证©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem142.设计阶段

处理器外围部件操作系统编程语言软件开发工具硬件调试工具软件组件©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem15©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem16硬件平台的选择处理器的选择要考虑的主要因素有：处理性能技术指标功耗软件支持工具是否内置调试工具供应商是否提供评估板©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem17硬件选择的其它因素生产规模开发的市场目标软件对硬件的依赖性只要可能，尽量选择使用普通的硬件实例：1.传统冰箱控制系统2.智能家居冰箱控制系统©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem18©2013

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem19软件平台的选择嵌入式软件开发流程：©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem20软件平台的选择——操作系统选择一个适合开发项目的操作系统，可以从以下几点进行考虑：操作系统提供的开发工具操作系统向硬件接口移植的难度操作系统的内存要求开发人员是否熟悉此操作系统及其提供的API操作系统是否提供硬件的驱动程序操作系统的可剪裁性操作系统的实时性能©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem21软件平台的选择——编程语言编程语言的选择主要考虑以下因素：通用性可移植性程度执行效率可维护性目前比较广泛应用的高级语言有Ada、C/C++和J2ME等©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem22软件平台的选择—集成开发环境（IDE）集成开发环境选择时应考虑以下因素：系统调试器的功能，包括远程调试环境支持库函数编译器开发商是否持续升级编译器连接程序是否支持所有的文件格式和符号格式3.实现阶段交叉编译环境搭建软件、硬件开发平台©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem23©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem24系统概要设计概要设计系统总体框架软硬件划分处理器选择操作系统选定开发环境选定©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem25硬件系统设计硬件概要设计功能模块图设计硬件详细设计逻辑电路图设计硬件制作PCB设计与制作硬件测试PCB测试©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem26软件设计软件概要设计软件详细设计软件实现软件测试4.测试阶段嵌入式软件测试方法嵌入式软件测试步骤测试工作文档©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem27©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem28测试和优化嵌入式软件测试中，常常要在基于目标机的测试和基于宿主机的测试之间做出折衷。嵌入式软件相比PC软件，更加看重性能测试和健壮性测试。©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem29ChallengesinembeddedsystemdesignHowmuchhardwaredoweneed?HowbigistheCPU?Memory?Howdowemeetourdeadlines?Fasterhardwareorcleverersoftware?Howdoweminimizepower?Turnoffunnecessarylogic?Reducememoryaccesses?©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem30Challenges,etc.Doesitreallywork?Isthespecificationcorrect?Doestheimplementationmeetthespec?Howdowetestforreal-timecharacteristics?Howdowetestonrealdata?Howdoweworkonthesystem?Observability,controllability?Whatisourdevelopmentplatform?©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem31DesignmethodologiesAprocedurefordesigningasystem.Understandingyourmethodologyhelpsyouensureyoudidn’tskipanything.Compilers,softwareengineeringtools,computer-aideddesign(CAD)tools,etc.,canbeusedto:helpautomatemethodologysteps;keeptrackofthemethodologyitself.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem32DesigngoalsPerformance.Overallspeed,deadlines.Functionalityanduserinterface.Manufacturingcost.Powerconsumption.Otherrequirements(physicalsize,etc.)©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem33LevelsofabstractionrequirementsspecificationarchitecturecomponentdesignsystemintegrationTop-downBottom-up©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem34Top-downvs.bottom-upTop-downdesign:startfrommostabstractdescription;worktomostdetailed.Bottom-updesign:workfromsmallcomponentstobigsystem.Realdesignusesbothtechniques.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem35StepwiserefinementAteachlevelofabstraction,wemust:analyzethedesigntodeterminecharacteristicsofthecurrentstateofthedesign;refinethedesigntoadddetail;ensurealldesignobjects.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem36RequirementsPlainlanguagedescriptionofwhattheuserwantsandexpectstoget.Maybedevelopedinseveralways:talkingdirectlytocustomers;talkingtomarketingrepresentatives;providingprototypestousersforcomment.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem37Functionalvs.non-functionalrequirementsFunctionalrequirements:outputasafunctionofinput.Non-functionalrequirements:timerequiredtocomputeoutput;size,weight,etc.;powerconsumption;reliability;etc.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem38Ourrequirementsform©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem39DesigninghardwareandsoftwarecomponentsMustspendtimearchitectingthesystembeforeyoustartcoding.Somecomponentsareready-made,somecanbemodifiedfromexistingdesigns,othersmustbedesignedfromscratch.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem40SystemintegrationPuttogetherthecomponents.Manybugsappearonlyatthisstage.Haveaplanforintegratingcomponentstouncoverbugsquickly,testasmuchfunctionalityasearlyaspossible.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem41Example:GPSmovingmaprequirementsMovingmapobtainspositionfromGPS,paintsmapfromlocaldatabase.lat:40°13′lon:32°19′I-78ScotchRoadDisplaypositionCurrentposition©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem42GPSmovingmapneedsFunctionality:Forautomotiveuse.Showmajorroadsandlandmarks.Userinterface:Atleast400x600pixelscreen.Threebuttonsmax.Pop-upmenu.Performance:Mapshouldscrollsmoothly.Nomorethan1secpower-up.LockontoGPSwithin15seconds.Cost:$500streetprice=approx.$100costofgoodssold.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem43GPSmovingmapneeds,cont’d.Physicalsize/weight:Shouldfitinhand.Powerconsumption:Shouldrunfor8hoursonfourAAbatteries.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem44GPSmovingmaprequirementsform©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem45SpecificationAmoreprecisedescriptionofthesystem:shouldnotimplyaparticulararchitecture;providesinputtothearchitecturedesignprocess.Mayincludefunctionalandnon-functionalelements.Maybeexecutableormaybeinmathematicalformforproofs.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem46GPSspecificationShouldinclude:WhatisreceivedfromGPS;mapdata;userinterface;operationsrequiredtosatisfyuserrequests;backgroundoperationsneededtokeepthesystemrunning.©2009

DesignandApplicationOfEmbeddedSystem47ArchitecturedesignWhatma