高三一轮复习选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

Unit1

Alandofdiversity——多元化的社会[核心单词]1．_________

n．手段;方法2．______

n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期3．_________

n．海关;关税;进口税4．_______

vi.发生;出现5．_______

vi.滑动;滑行;滑跤n.滑动;滑倒

meansboomcustomsoccurslip[核心单词]6．_______

vt.&n.租用;雇用7．_________

adv.无处;到处都无8．_________

vt.&vi.改革;革新n.改革;改造;改良

9．_________

adj.清晰的;明显的;明确的→distinction

n．差别;区分;卓著hire

nowherereformdistinct10．_________

n．大多数;大半→minority

n．少数11．_______

vt.选择;决定做某事;选举某人→electionn.选举12．_________n．申请人→applyv．申请→

applicationn．申请13．_________

vt.指出;标示;表明;暗示→_________n.迹象→________n.指示器指示物14．___________

adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的→apparently

adv.明显地;显而易见地majorityelectapplicantapparentindicateindicationindicator[高频短语]1．__________继续存在;继续生存2．_________________

用……办法;借助……3．______________

习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．___________

坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)5．______________

背靠背live

onbymeansof...

makealifekeepupbacktoback

[高频短语]6．_______________

与……合作或一起工作7．___________画线;标出……界线8．___________

包括;吸收9．________________

许多;很多10．__________

申请;请示得到team

up

withmarkout

takeinagreat/goodmanyapplyfor

11._____________发生12._____________浏览13._____________漏掉14._____________除了15._____________……的发源地occurto

lookthrough

leaveout

exceptfor

behometo

[典型句式]1．Itislikelythat...很可能……However,_________________NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而,美洲土著人很可能在至少15000年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。2．That’swhy...那就是为什么……_____________todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。it

is

likely

thatThat

is

why3．It’sbelievedthat...有人认为……___________________beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非常之大,以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。4．what从句作介词宾语Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastof_______________calltheUnitedStates.二百年后,西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。It

is

believed

that

what

we

now

[单词精研]1.means

n．Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.清洁的饮用水供应和洗手是一种实用的预防疾病的方法。手段;方法归纳拓展bythismeans通过这种方法bymeansof用……办法;借助……byallmeans一定,务必;好的,当然可以bynomeans决不,一点也不byeverymeans用尽一切可能的办法(1)means表示“方式，方法”时，单复数同形，当means作主语且有every,each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数；由some，several，few,many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数。(2)当短语bynomeans置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。1)MillionsofChineserelyonbicyclesastheir______________________________.自行车是数百万中国人赖以出行的重要交通工具。2)I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.

Butbynomeans________________________myprogress.为了提高英语水平,我已尽力了。但父母对我的进步一点也不满意。importantmeansoftransportationaremyparentssatisfiedwith3)Everypossiblemeans_____________,

butnoneworks.＝Allpossiblemeans______________,

butnoneworks.各种可能的办法都尝试了,但没有一种奏效。hasbeentriedhavebeentried2.majority

n．The

majoritywas/wereinfavourofbanningsmoking.

大多数人支持禁烟。大多数;大半(1)the/amajorityof＋名词,表示“大多数”。谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。themajority单独作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。(2)inthe/amajority占多数

(3)minorityn．少数intheminority占少数(4)majoradj.主要的，较大的vi.主修majorin主修，以...为专业1)__________________________thatsmokingiscloselyconnectedtolungcancer.大多数医生赞同吸烟与肺癌有密切联系。2)ThemurdershockedtheAmericans,_____________________peace-lovingandnon-violent.这一谋杀案震惊了整个美国,因为毕竟大多数的美国人还是热爱和平和反对暴力的。Themajorityofdoctorsagreethemajorityofwhomare3)Inthenursingprofession,

womenare_________________.女性在护理行业中占大多数。4)Themajorityofthedamage_________repair.(easy)大部分的损伤都不难修理。ina/themajorityiseasyto3.occur

vi.Therewereallsortsofdisastersthatusedtooccuronthewaytoandfromwork.过去,在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。发生;出现归纳拓展sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.that­clause某人突然想起……Itoccurstosbtodosth某人想起做某事1)Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetopark________________________.我正沿街寻找停车点时,突然发生了事故。2)WhenBabbagewasworkingatCambridge,

________________________.在剑桥工作时,巴比奇想到了一个新主意。whentheaccidentoccurredanewideaoccurredtohim3)

___________________________________hewouldmakesuchagreatsuccessinteachingcareer.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业上获得如此巨大的成功。4)__________________visitmyteacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。Itneveroccurredto/hit/struckhimthatItoccurredtometo4.indicate

vt.Aredskyatnightoftenindicatesfineweatherthenextday.

夜空呈红色往往预兆第二天天气晴朗。指出;标示;表明;暗示归纳拓展(1)indicatesth.(tosb.)

指示;指出;标示indicatethat/wh­clause

表示……;示意……(2)indication

n．暗示;表示;预兆(3)indicativeadj.指示的，暗示的1)Withanodofhisheadhe______________whereIshouldsit.他点头示意我应坐的地方。2)_______________________heisnotveryhappywithwhatyouaredoing.他的态度暗示他对你的所作所为很不高兴。3)They___________________howtheworkshouldbedone.(indication)他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。indicatedtomeHisattitudeindicatesthatgavenoindicationofⅠ.完成句子1．____________________________(我从未想到)youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.2．Asisknowntous,thetelephoneis_______________________________(一种有用的通讯工具)．3．Punishmentis__________________________(绝对不是明智的选择)tohelpstudentsgrowupmentallyandphysically.Itneveroccurredtomethatausefulmeansofcommunicationbynomeansawisechoice4．Don’tworryaboutthepresentsituationintheworld;_______________________________________(大多数人喜欢和平而不是战争)．5．Amongthemembersofthecommittee,thosewhoareinfavouroftheplanare____________________(占大多数)．6．Inthe1980’s,thecomputerindustry____________________(迅猛发展)．themajorityofpeoplepreferpeacetowarina/themajoritywasbooming[短语精释]1.makealife

(教材P2)Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.

有些人死了或回家了,但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生,尽管困难重重。习惯于新的生活方式、工作等归纳拓展cometolife变得更有趣;变得活跃live/leada．..life过着……的生活comebacktolife苏醒过来,恢复生机bring...backtolife使……苏醒过来make/startanewlife开始新生活1)Somepeoplefromthecountryfind_______________________inbigcities.一些来自农村的人发现很难在大城市生存下来。2)TheymovedoutWest________________there.他们迁往西部去开始新生活。3)Thematchfinally____________inthesecondhalf.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。ithardtomakealifetomakeanewlifecametolife2.takein

(教材P8)It’sa79kmround­tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.

这是一次往返79公里的旅行,它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;留宿;改小(衣服);归纳拓展takeaway

takeaparttakedowntakeuptakeovertakeofftakeon拿走,使离开;消除(病痛等)拆开;剖析,抨击(论点等)拿下,取下;拆除;记下开始从事;占用(时间或空间);着手处理接替;接收,接管脱下(衣服等);起飞;(事业)腾飞承担,从事;呈现1)Hewashomeless,

sowe___________.他无家可归,我们便收留了他。2)Don’t__________byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.不要被许诺能使你快速减肥的商品所欺骗。3)I_______________theprofessor’slectureatall.Itwastoodifficultforme.我一点也不理解教授的演讲,对我来说太难了.tookhiminbetakenincouldn’ttakein4)ABritishnewspapersaysBritishAirwaysplanto__________TransWorldAirways.

一家英国报纸称,英国航空公司计划接管环球航空公司。5)In1944,hemetEdithPiaf,andhiscareer________.

1944年,他结识了伊迪思·比阿夫,从此他的事业开始腾飞。takeovertookoff

3.teamupwith(＝cooperatewith)TheuniversityisteamingupwithaschoolinEnglandfortheresearchproject.该大学正与英格兰的一所学校合作研究这项课题。与……结合/合作,协作归纳拓展teamup合作;协作befedupwith

对……感到厌烦,腻了catch/keepupwith赶上putupwith忍受;容忍endupwith以……结束1)We__________sothatwecoulddividetheworkandwriteabookmorequickly.我们相互协作,以使我们能够分配任务并且更快地写完这本书。2)Afterseeingsomanyhouses,we_________________buyingtheoneonthelakeside.看了那么多的房子之后,我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子。teamedupendedupwith3)I’llhaveto__________________tillImovenextweek.我下周就要搬了,在此之前,我还是得忍受这种噪音。4)Theoldcouple__________________goingtothesameparkeveryday.这对老夫妻每天都去同一个公园,从不厌烦。putupwiththenoiseareneverfedupwithⅠ.完成句子1．Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthan______________________(与别人合作)．2．Theseteenagersdon’tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that’swhythey_______________________(那么容易受骗)．3．After_______________________________(看到许多无家可归的人)inthestreets,IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem.teamupwithanyoneelseweresoeasilytakeninseeingagreatmanyhomelesspeople4．Theyoungmenintheruralareashavetoleaveforbigcitiesto___________(谋生)．5．Avolleyballcourthadbeen____________(标出……界线)onthegrass.6．(2011·高考山东卷·阅读理解C)Morestudents_______________(申请)aid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.makealifemarkedoutareapplyingfor[句型精析]1.(教材P2)That

iswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。句中的why引导的是表语从句,注意以下句式的区别：(1)That’swhy...那就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)

(2)That’sbecause...那是因为……(because从句表示原因)

(3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导,而不用because)①Tomwasill._____________hecamelateforthemeeting.汤姆病了,那就是他开会迟到的原因。②Tomcamelateforthemeeting._________________

hewasill.汤姆开会迟到了,那是因为他病了。③_______________Tomcamelateforthemeeting__________________.汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。ThatwaswhyThatwasbecauseThereasonwhywasthathewasill2.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwe

now

calltheUnitedStates.二百年后,西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿海。