高级英语5课件unit 2

UnitTwoBewaretheDirtySeas、佩拉杰群岛（PelagieIslands）位于地中海中部，海水透明得宛如船漂浮在蓝天上

这个美，动人心魄……

ContentsPre-readingbrainstormingLibraryworkOrganizationofthetextLanguagepointsExercises0.Pre-readingQuestions1.Howdoesthetitleofthetextstrikeyou?Why“thedirtyseas”?Whatcausestheseastobecomedirty?Whyarethereaderscalledontobewareofthem?

1.SuggestedAnswer(SA):

Itremindsmeofatextaboutthepollutedseaandgetsinterestedinthetextandoccurgreatconcernsonmetoourlivingenvironment.Everyyearthereisalotofsewagepouredintotheseas.Thewasteofcoastalcities,industryandfactories’poisons,etc,causetheseastobecomedirtyandcausemanydiseaseswhichthreatenpeople’slives.Meanwhile,the

0.Pre-readingQuestions

seasareimportanttourplaces,andthecommonareasofthecountriesalongthem.Theyplayveryimportantrolestothecountriesandpeopleintheareas,ifnottreatedproperly,theywillbringgreattroubletohumanbeings.2.IfyoufinditdifficulttoanswerQuestion1,perhapsyoucananswerthisquestion:Istherivernearhometowncleanordirty?TakeYangtzeRiver,ortheYellowRiver,forexample.Aretheydirty?Ifso,whatmakesitdirty?Whatcanbedoneaboutit?I.LibraryWork1.Waterpollutionisamajorelementof20th-centuryenvironmentalpollution.Itincludestheaccumulationinoceans,lakes,rivers,andstreamsofphysical,chemical,andbiologicalsubstancesthatareeitherdirectlyharmfultolifeorthathavedangerousorharmfulsecondaryandlong-rangeeffects.Theprincipalsourcesofwaterpollutionaresewage,industrialwaste,garbageandrefuse,andagriculturalfertilizers,pesticides,andweedkillers.Thetwochiefreasonsforthecontamination(pollution)I.LibraryWorkandexacerbation([ek,sæsə‘beiʃən,iɡ,z-]becomeworseandworse)oftheproblemareindustrializationandurbanization.Industrialwastesincludedissolvedminerals,toxic(poisonous)chemicals,andsediments(沉淀物).Modernindustrialprocesseshavepollutedwaterwithcertainmetals,suchasleadandmercury,whileagriculturalpracticesdosowithavarietyofpesticides.I.LibraryWork2.Treatmentandcontrolofwastesofallkindsistheonlyanswertowaterpollutionproblems.Pollutioncanbecontrolledbybuildingsewersystems,sewagetreatmentplants,andinstallationstokeepfertilizersandinsecticidesfromenteringthewater.II.OrganizationoftheText1.Paragraphs1-4

Introducingthetopic:TheMediterraneanisthemostpollutedseaintheworld(thesisstatement).(1)Causesandconsequencesofthepollutioningeneral.(2–4)II.OrganizationoftheText2.Paragraphs5–10Firstmaincause---sewageImpropertreatmentofsewagebymanyMediterraneancountries.(5–7)Consequences:contamination(pollution)ofseawaterandfish;greaterlikelihoodofdisease(8–10)II..OrganizationoftheText3.Paragraphs11–13Secondmaincause---industriesUntreatedwastesemittedfromfactoriesalongthecoastandfromfactorieslocatedfarinlandII.OrganizationoftheText4.Paragraphs14–15Othercausesofpollution:pesticides,detergents,fertilizers,oil,etc.5.Paragraphs16–20Factorsthatleadtotheseverityofthecase:narrowandshallowoutletoftheStraitofGibraltar(16);II.OrganizationoftheText

weakcoastalcurrentsandfeebletides(17);long-standingpracticeofdumpingwastesintotheseas(18);multiplicationofpopulationandincreasingnumberoftourists(19–20)6.Paragraphs21–22Conclusion:Effortsbeingmadetosolvetheproblem1Cause-effect:Asyousow,soshallyoureap.

Patternsofcause-effect:Acause-aneffectAcause-manyeffectsManycauses-aneffectManycauses-manyeffectsCause-effectchainMaincauseImmediatecauseExplicitcauseImplicitcause播种生活，收获习惯播种习惯，收获性格播种性格，收获命运Habitsareframedindailylife;Personalitiesareaccumulationsofone’shabits;Destinyispartlydeterminedbyone’spersonality.求是:智慧之本“种下一个善念，收获一种良知；种下一种良知，收获一种道德；种下一种道德，收获一种习惯；种下一种习惯，收获一种性格；种下一种性格，收获一种人生”

。（国学应用大师翟鸿燊）道德幸福人生善念ThereisasayinginChinesethataperson'sfaceisshapedbytheirheart,meaningthattheirfacereflectstheirstateofmindandeventsrecentlyencountered.III.KeyPointsoftheTextbeware:beverycarefulofBewareisusedwithnochangeofform,ingivingwarnings.Itisgenerallyusediwntheimperative,e.g.,:Beware(of)thefakeproductsthatfloodthemarket.Bewarehowyouhandlethedelicatesituation.Wehavetobewarethatnoonebacksoutatthelastminute.III.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1holidaydestination:

holidayresortParagraph2waters:

thewaterofthestatedrivers,lakes,etc.E.g.:theupperwatersoftheThames泰晤士河上游

South-ChinaSeawaters中国南海海域

internationalwaters国际海域Paragraph2…sluicesitssewage,untreated,intothesea:

letoutintotheseathewastematerialswhichhavenotbeentreatedandnotmadesafeasifthroughasluice（水闸）,whichisapassageforwaterParagraph3Nurture:promotethedevelopmentofsthbyprovidingfavourableconditions哺育Nurturemeaning“carefororprotect”isoftenusedwithchildrenorplant,e.g.,nurtureachild,nurtureplantsinagreenhouse.Wemayalsonurtureaplan,someideas,aproject,etc,meaning“takeactiontoencouragethedevelopmentofaplan,etc”Paragraph3tofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudes…:tosufferfromman’smisuseofhisabilities(orman’sabilitiestodestroy)andhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection

fallvictimto:sufferfromE.g.:fallvictimtoadisease/anexplosion/one’sownavarice(greed)Paragraph3TheresultisthattheMediterranean,whichnurturedsomanycivilizations,isgravelyill---thefirstoftheseastofallvictimtotheabilitiesandattitudesthatevolvedaroundit:

WhathappensisthattheMediterranean,thecradleofmanyancientcultures,isseriouslypolluted.Itisthefirstoftheseasthathasbeenmadetosufferfromasituationresultingfromdevelopmentmixedwithanirresponsiblementality.Paragraph3stifle:to(causeto)beunabletobreathecomfortably,esp.becauseofheatandlackoffreshair（使）窒息；抑制E.g.:bestifledwithsmoke被烟熏得透不过气来

stiflepoliticalfreedom扼杀政治自由

Shortagesofbasicmaterialsstifledeconomicgrowth.基本原料的匮乏抑制了经济发展。

stifleone’slaughter(yawn,sobs)忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）Paragraph3WhatrelationshipdoestheauthorestablishinParagraph3betweenthemanycivilizationstheMediterraneanhasnurturedanditspollution?SA:

Therelationshipbetweenthetwoisthatofcauseandeffect.Becauseofman’smisuseofhisabilitiesandhisattitudeofindifferencetowardsenvironmentprotection,theMediterranean,hometosomanycivilizations,isnowinjeopardy.Paragraph4endemic:

[en'demik]

(especiallyofadisease)foundregularlyinaparticularplace地方性的E.g.:ThisisaproblemendemictotheWesternworld.这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。

anendemicspecies特有物种

endemicfolkways当地风俗Paragraph5litany:

['litəni]

aformofprayerforuseinchurchservices,recitedbyapriestwithresponsesfromthecongregation(holyconference),i.e.,peopleattendingachurchservice应答连祷

Here,

litany

isusedinitstransferredmeaning,referringtothefrequentoutbreaksofdisease.E.g.:commitalitanyofcrimes犯一系列的罪themournfullitanyofdisease:thedeplorable/appalling/dreadfulrepetitiveoccurrencesofdiseaseParagraph5Whatismore,mostcitiesjustdropitinstraightoffthebeach;rareindeedaretheplaceslikeCannesandTelAvivwhichpipeitevenhalfamileoffshore:Further,whiletheplacessuchasCannesandTelAvivdisposeoftheirwastesthroughapipestretchingoutonlyhalfamilefromtheshore,mostcitiesdonotevenbothertodothatbutsimplydumptheirsewagedirectlyintotheseaalongthecoastline.Paragraph6WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellhisreadersinParagraph6?SA:

HewantstotellhisreadersinParagraph6thatbecauseofman’sirresponsibilityandindifferencetowardsenvironmentalprotection,Greeceisratedoneofthefewcleanercountriesofthenorthernshore.Paragraph7flushout:tocleanordriveoutbyasuddenflowofwater;pourout;floodwithwatertocleanout冲出；泛滥E.g.:flushatoilet(lavatory)抽水冲洗马桶（厕所）

Iwasrecommendedfruitjuicestoflushnicotineoutofthebody.我得到劝告，应多喝果汁以从体内排除尼古丁。Paragraph8areawashwithbacteria:havealargeamountofbacteriaAwashinitsliteralsensemeans“becoveredinwater”.E.g.:Afteraheavyrain,thestreetswereawash.rocksawashathightide涨潮时被淹没的岩石

Theship’sdeckwasawash.船上的甲板被浪潮冲打。Paragraph8Awashwithisusedfiguratively,meaning“havingalargeamountofsomething,”asusedinthissentence.Thesingularformofbacteriaisbacterium.Paragraph9lurk:toexistunseen潜伏；潜藏E.g.:Asnakewaslurkinginthegrass.一条蛇正潜伏在草丛中。Anevengreaterdangerlurksintheseductiveseafooddishesthataddsomuchinteresttoholidaymenus:Thereisanevengreaterhiddendangerintheattractiveseafooddishesthatareforeversoappealingtothoseholidaymakers.Paragraph9Whatdoestheword“seductive”inParagraph9imply?SA:

Seductivecomesfromtheword“seduce”,whichistopersuadesomeoneyoungandwithoutsexualexperiencetohavesexwithone.Thereforeseductiveimpliesthattheseafooddishesareseeminglyattractivebutthreatenwithgreatdangertohealth.

Paragraph11Factoriesclusterroundthecoastline,andeventhemostmodernrarelyhasproperwaste-treatmentplant:Factoriesaresetuparoundthecoastline,fewofwhich,includingthemostsophisticated,havebeenequippedwithasatisfactorysystemfordealingwiththeireffluents.Paragraph14pesticide:amoregeneraltermisinsecticideWhichparagraph(s)is(are)devotedtoothersourcesofpollutionapartfromsewageandindustry?SA:

Paragraphs14to15aredevotedtoothersourcesofpollutionapartfromsewageandindustry.Paragraph14Whatdoestheword“explosions”inParagraph14mean?SA:

Itmeansrapidincreaseinamountornumber.Paragraph16virtuallyunabletocleanseitself:practically/ineffectunabletomakeitselffreefromwastematerialsvirtually:practically,ineffect,forallpracticalpurposesE.g.:Themanagerbeingoutoftown,Sallyisvirtuallyinchargeofthework.cleanse:meaning“clean”,isamoreelevatedwordthanclean.Itisoftenusedfiguratively.Paragraph16E.g.:cleanseoneofone’ssinsorwrongdoingscleansetheworldfromevilstocopewiththeremorselessrushofpollution:todealsuccessfullywiththesewage,effluents,etc.,whichpourintotheseathreateninglyandwhichcannotbestoppedParagraph16copewith:dealsuccessfullywithremorseless:threateninglyunstoppableE.g.:Hewasdisturbedbytheremorselessnoiseoftheenginesallnightandcouldnotfallasleep.Remorselessismoreoftenusedtomean“merciless,pitiless.”E.g.:Themankilledhisopponentwithremorselesscruelty.Paragraph16WhathasmadetheMediterraneanmorevulnerabletopollutionthanotherseasintheworld?SA:

TheMediterraneanislandlockedanditsweakcoastalcurrentskeepsewageandindustrialwasteclosetotheshore.ThosefactorshavemadetheMediterraneanmorevulnerabletopollutionthanotherseasintheworld.Paragraph18Explaintheuseof“ofcourse”atthebeginningofParagraph18andthatof“but”ofParagraph19.SA:“Ofcourse”isoftenfollowedby“but”tomean“itisatleasttruethat…but”.Herethewriteruses“ofcourse”tomeanthatitisnotanewproblemforthepeopleoftheMediterraneantousetheseafortheirwastesandthatenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeninexistenceforalongtime,however,pollutionismadeworseParagraph19

becauseoftheincreasingpopulationofinhabitantsandvisitors.Thepopulation…trebleseverysummer:Thepopulation…increasesthreetimeseverysummer.Triple,asynonymoftreble,ismoreoftenusedinAmericanEnglish.Whatadvicefortouristscanbeinferredfromthefactsprovidedbytheauthorinthepassage?Paragraph19SA:

ThepossibleadvicefortheMediterraneantouristscanbe:donotswimintheseaanddonoteatseafooddishes.VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook1.TheMediterraneanhasmadepositivecontributionstothedevelopmentandprosperityofthecountriesalongitsshoresbuttheeffectproducedbytheindustrializationandmodernizationofthesecountriesontheMediterraneanhasbeennegative---theyhaveaggravatedthepollutionofthesea.2.CannesandTelAviv.(Paragraph5)VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook3.Eventhoughlessthan1/40ofthecoastalpeopleofGreecehavetheirsewageproperlytreated,theyarenotdoingtoobadly.OthercountriesonthenorthernshorearecausingmoreseriouspollutiontotheseathanGreece..

4.1:7=x:100x=100/7Thusx=14(approximately)VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook5.attractiveandluringbutleadingtobadconsequences6.Paragraphs14and157.

rapidincreases8.

RefertoParagraphs16–20.9.

“Ofcourse”indicatesthatthevulnerabilityoftheMediterraneanisnotjustduetoitsuniquegeographicalfeatures.Theinhabitantsroundtheshoresarealsotoblame.TheyhaveforcenturiesVI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbookbeencarelessintheprotectionoftheirenvironment.“But”impliesthatthegreatlyincreasedpopulationhasmadeabigdifference;theseaismuchmoreseriouslypollutedthanbeforewhenthepopulationwassmall.VI.SAtoEx.1,P.14,Workbook10.

Donoteatshellfishunlessyouaresurethatitisfreshandhasgrownincleanwater.Takeagoodshowerafteraswimtowashoffthedirt.Stayasfarawayaspossiblefromthosecoastalareaswheretherearemanyfactories.VII.SAtoEx.2,P.15,Workbook1.WhathappensisthattheMediterranean,thecradleofmanyancientcultures,isseriouslypolluted.Itisthefirstoftheseasthathasbeenmadetosufferfromasituationresultingfromdevelopmentmixedwithanirresponsiblementality.VII.SAtoEx.2,P.15,Workbook2.Further,whiletheplacessuchasCannesandTelAvivdisposeoftheirwastesthroughapipestretchingoutonlyhalfamilefromtheshore,mostcitiesdonotevenbothertodothatbutsimplydumptheirsewagedirectlyintotheseaalongthecoastline.3.Thereisanevenbiggerhazardhiddenintheseafooddishesthatareforeversoappealingtotheholiday-makers.VII.SAtoEx.2,P.15,Workbook4.Factoriesaresetuparoundthecoastline,fewofwhich,includingthemostsophisticated,havebeenequippedwithasatisfactorysystemfordealingwiththeireffluents.VII.SAtoEx.3,P.16,Workbook1.Oneman’seffortisnotenoughtocopewithsuchacomplicatedsituation.2.WhendoyouthinkthenewIT(informationtechnology)regulationswilltakeeffect?3.

Thechancesofwinningaprizeinalotteryareveryslim;perhapsonlyaone-in-a-hundredchance.4.Itisdeplorablethatmanyayoungsterhasfallenvictimtotheuseofdrugs.VII.SAtoEx.3,P.16,Workbook5.Thereisvirtuallynoonewhoisinfavorofhisproposal.6.Bewareoftheswindlerwithaslicktongueandasmilingface.7.Don’ttouchthebag!Theexplosiveinitmayblowupatanyminute.Yourlifewillbeatrisk.8.Helookedquiteconfidentaboutthejob,thoughsomedoubtslurkedinthedepthofhismind.UnitTwo

TEXTIIAnUglyNewFootprintintheSand

（沙滩上的一串丑陋的新足迹）I.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1comeby:comeacross;discoverbychance;passbyHowdoyouinterpretthetitleofthearticle“AnUglyFootprintintheSand”?Isitrelatedtothe“newfootprint”referredtointhesecondsentenceofthefirstparagraph?Paragraph1SA:Thestrangefootprintisasymbolofenvironmentalpollution;andtheauthor’sattitudetothisnewintrusion---oneofstrongdislikes---ismadeclearbytheword“ugly”.Paragraph2legionsof:alsoalegionof,meaning“alargegroupof”or“largegroupsof”blight:toinfectorspoilwithadiseaseofplantsthatresultsinthedryingupanddyingofthediseasedparts使（植物）染上枯萎病;hereitmeans“poseathreattotheexistenceof”Paragraph2delicate:finelymade;delightful精美的，精致的E.g.:porcelainsofdelicateworkmanship工艺精致的瓷器whorl:aring,especiallyofleavesonastem（植物）轮；（软体动物的）壳阶，螺纹goo:stickymaterial粘性物质congeal:tobecomeorcause(aliquid)tobecomethickorsolid凝固；冻结Paragraph2Whileenvironmentalpollutionisoftenblamedonpopulationexplosiononourglobe,Whipplehasidentifiedanothercause.Whatisit?Howdoeshesupporthisargument?SA:

Theneedtofuelthetechnologywhichmankindhasdevelopedtoenableittosurviveonthisplanet.ConcreteexamplesaregivennotablyinParagraphs2,9,10,and11.Paragraph4despoil:tostealfromusingforces,especially,intimeofwar;plunder抢夺；掠夺E.g.:despoilsomebodyofhisright剥夺某人的权利asitwere:aswemightsay;sotospeak可以这么说；在某种程度上E.g.:Hebecame,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.在某种程度上，他成了一个无国籍的人。

I’masortofunpaidadviser,asitwere,tothecommittee.可以说，我是委员会的义务顾问。Paragraph4HowdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceofParagraph4“Itisstillearlyhere”?Isitechoedorcontradictedneartheendofthearticle?SA:

Environmentalpollutionherehasjustbegun;itisnotveryseriousyet.ThisiscontradictedbythesentenceinParagraph11---Thelessonofourfouledbeachisthatwemaynotevenhaverealizedhowlateitisalready.(continuedonthenextslide)Paragraph4

Theauthor’smessageis“Don’tyouthinkthatitwillbesometimebeforepollutiongetsreallyserioushere;whenthebeachisfoundtobefouled,itisalreadytoolatetokeeppollutionawayfromtheisland.”Paragraph5HowdoyoujustifyWhipple’sinclusionofthoseparagraphsdealingwithman’sinefficiencyinadaptinghimselftohisenvironment?SA:

Asmanisnotsowelladaptedtohislivingenvironmentas,say,abird,hehastoresorttoartificialaids,whichhaveeventuallygivenrisetopollution.Paragraph9belie:giveafalseideaof;show(hope,etc.)tobefalseormistaken给人以错觉；掩饰E.g.:featuresthatbeliedtheyears掩盖真实年龄的相貌

Hisappearancebeliedhisquickmind.从他的外貌人们看不出他的机智。

Thefactsbelieyourstory.事实证明你的说法谬误。

Hisactionsbeliehiswords.他言行不一。Paragraph9residue:whatisleft,especiallyafterchemicaltreatment残余物，残渣E.g.:Residueofpesticidescanbuildupinthesoil.杀虫剂的残余会在土壤中积淀。

usecropresiduesasfuel利用农作物的残根做燃料

residueofthewar战争后遗症Paragraph10dispensewith:todowithoutormanagetoexistwithout免除；无需obnoxious:veryunpleasantoroffensive;extremelydisagreeable使人讨厌的；可憎的E.g.:anobnoxioushabit招人厌的习惯

Theverythoughtofthemwasobnoxioustoher.她一想到他们就厌恶。Paragraph10privy:atoilet,especiallyanoutdoorone厕所slick:(ofoil)floatingonthewatershroud:

n.alsowindingsheet,theclothforcoveringadeadbodyatburia