it用法大全(形式宾语形式主语)

㈠1.it作人称代词1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到 的事物，以避免重复:

Ningboisabeautifulcity,isn’tit?1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.1.3.也可指抽象事物:

Itwasagreatsurprisetomewhenhedid athinglikethat．

2.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it：2.1.指天气：Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?

Itisabitwindy.2.2.指时间:

Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.

2.3.指环境:

Itwasveryquietinthecafé.

2.4.指距离：Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.

㈠1.it作人称代词Everyoneknowsthat_______isdangeroustoplaywithfire,but_______isdifficultistopreventchildrenfromplayingwithfire.A.it,itB.what,whatC.it,whatD.what,it㈡.引导词it

1.Itis+被强调部分+that...

使用该句型有以下几点请注意：

①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.

ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．

②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.

ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday．③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．

④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。

Itistheywhoareourfriends． Itwasnotuntilteno'clockthatwegothomelastnight．

.it用作形式主语.1it代替主语从句1）Itis+adj.+that从句①Itisclear

(obvious，true，possiblecertain....)

that.....“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.②.Itisimportant

(necessary，right，strange，natural...)

that...

that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。

Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.

2）.Itis+v-ed+that从句①Itissaid

(reported，learned....)

that...

据说（据报道，据悉．．．）“。

ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.

②.Itissuggested

(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)

that...

主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令．．．）

Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.=HeissaidtohavecometoBeijing.3）.It+n+that...

1.Itisapity

(ashame...)

that...

that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.

Itisapitythatheisill.2.Itistime

(abouttime，hightime)

that...

该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟．常译为“是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．”/should+原型

Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotoschool.

3.Itisthefirst

(second...)

timethat...

“是第一（二）．．．次．．．”。该句型中的

that

从句用完成时态。如果主句动词be是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句动词be是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中

that

可以省去。例如：

It

was

the

first

time

that

I

had

been

praised.ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.

=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.Itisnowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.＝Nowonderhedidn’twanttogo.4.Itisnowonderthat…

在该句型中如果用肯定形式，表示“真奇怪，真是令人惊讶”；Itisawonderthathereusedsuchagoodoffer.真奇怪，他拒绝了这样好的帮助。

难怪他不愿去。

4).It+v+that从句

Ithappens

(seems，looks，appears)

that...

该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。

Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.

Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．Itlooksasifheisill.（真的病了）Itlooksasifhewereill.（没有生病）Itseemedasifheweredying.该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)....2.作形式主语替代不定式

1).Ittakessb....todosth.＂做．．．要花费某人．．＂

IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.2).Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.

主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，stupid，wisewrong等。

这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.。

Itiskindofyoutosayso.

=Youarekindtosayso.3).Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.

常见的形容词有：①important，necessary，natural②easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult,dangerous，等。在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：

Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.

=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.

Itisuptohimtocleanourclassroomtoday.今天应由他做教室清洁。Itisuptoparentstoteachtheirchildrenmanners.该由父母教孩子礼貌。4)Itisuptosb.todosth.

5)Itisone’sturntodosth.

Itisyourturntocleanourclassroomtoday.

今天该轮到你做教室清洁。Itisnogood

(use)

doingsth.

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是nogood,nouse,useless

ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutwritingEnglish.

It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock..3.作形式主语替代ing形式

4).Itis/wasnotuntil....that...ItwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthatheturnedofftheTV.用It作形式主语的句型：(1)Itisadj.＋todosth.

Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.翻译这篇文章很难。(2)Itisadj.＋for/ofsb.＋todosth.

ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.学习英语对我们很重要。It’skindofyoutohelpme.

你帮助我真是太好了。(3)Itisuptosb.todosth.“应由某人负责”或“……是某人的职责”。

It’suptoyoutodecidewhethertotakethejobornot.接不接受这份工作由你自己定。(4)Itisadj.＋that­-clauseItisimportantthatweshouldpaycloseattentiontograin.关注粮食对我们很重要。(5)Itis(no)good/use/useless＋doingsth.Itisnousetryingagain＝Itisofnousetotryagain.

再试也没用。(6)Itisworthwhile＋doingsth./todosth.

Itisworthwhilespending/tospendmuchtimeonit.

在这件事上花时间是值得的。(7)Ithappens＋that­-clause

IthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。(8)Itoccursto/strikessb.＋that­-clause某人突然想到……Itsuddenlyoccurredto/struckmethatIhadn’tseenPeterallday.

我突然想到，我一整天都没看见彼得。(9)Itissaid/reported/announced/(well)known…that…

Itisknowntousallthathemeanswell.我们都知道他是好意的。(10)Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittookusonemonthtocompletethisproject.

我们花了一个月完成这项工程。It作形式宾语.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.

该句型中的it作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。

6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；

1指的是形式宾语it；

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词,名词,分词。

3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。

Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.

HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.

Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.A.sb+v.+it+that从句Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.B.动词+it+that从句。常见于like,take,have,put等少数动词之后。Itakeitthattheywillsucceedsoonerorlater.（认为，以为；猜想）我认为他们迟早会成功的。ThenewspapershaveitthatsomeJapanesefirmshavegonebankrupt.报上说一些日本商号破产了。(haveit声称)putitC.动词＋it＋when/if从句。常见于appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等少数动词之后。Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddo

usthatfavour.要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。I'dpreferitifIdidn'thavetofinishthework.要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。d.动词+it+过去分词+从句。常见于几个可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词之后。Ihearditsaidthatthatfactorywasfoundedin1995.我听说那家工厂是1995年创建的。Theyhaven'tmadeitknownwherethemeetingistotakeplace.他们没有宣布会议在哪里召开。。

e.动词+it+介词短语+that从句。常见于bringittoone'sattention;

oweittosb(归功于);

takeitforgranted等结构中。IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.多亏有你我才及时完成了工作。Don'ttakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportyou.不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。该句型中的it是一个形式宾语，表示模糊意思或代替后面that引导的宾语从句。因为在这个句型中的谓语动词都是需要跟宾语的，但又不能直接跟从句作宾语，于是就得在从句前加上一个形式宾语it。常见的短语和动词有：counton(依靠，指望，期盼),seeto(负责),dependon(依靠),relyon(信赖，依靠)等。

Seetoitthat注意,务必,保证

Wearecountingonitthatyouwillcome.……findpossibleS+think+it+necessary+(forsb.)todosth./thatfeelimportant……除了替代从句，it还可以替代不定式和ing形式

…arule2.S+V+it+one’sduty+(forsb.)todosth./thatanhonour…3.S+V+it+nogood+doingsth.nouseWethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.Hefeltitnogoodplayingcomputergames.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.

It作形式宾语的句型:

(1)主语＋vt.(think/consider/feel/suppose/believeetc.)＋it＋adj＋todosth..

Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.

我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。(2)主语＋vt.＋it＋useful/useless/nogood/nouse＋doingsth.Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.

他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。(3)主语＋vt.＋it＋adj.＋that­clauseHedidn’tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没有明确说明会议在什么时间、什么地点举行。(5)seetoitthat…务必使……，保证使……

Willyouseetoitthattheluggageisbroughtback?

你能保证行李会被拿回来吗？(6)表示喜欢，恨等心理方面的动词如:like,love,hate,appreciate,dislike等后加上it作形式宾语，再加上that/if/wh-­从句作真正宾语。（详细解释见下）I’dappreciateitifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.如果你愿意教我如何用电脑我将不胜感激。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

但我们常会碰到it用作形式宾语时之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语的情况，这一点在近几年高考试题中经常涉及，需引起同学们的注意。Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET1998)

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.them

(答案为:A)我讨厌人们一边吃饭一边说话。Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(全国卷2004)

A.this

B.that

C.it

D.one

(答案为:C)我喜欢秋天晴朗的天气。以上这两道高考题中，it用作形式宾语，它的真正的宾语则是由when引导的从句。“it”的这种特殊用法常出现在以下几种结构中。理解了上述几种情形，不妨完成下列巩固练习：【答案在下方】1.Iwouldappreciateit_____youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor'sappointment.（上海卷2003）A.until

B.if

C.when

D.that2.Idon'tthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchwork.(MET1990)A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it3.Wealltook_____forgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.(MET1987)A.it

B.him

C.that

D.what4.______thatyouarenotlateforschoolagain.

A.Seeto

B.Lookto

C.Seetoit

D.Lookitto5.I'veoften______thathehasgreatconcernforhiscomrades.

A.hearditsaid

B.heardsaid

C.heardsaidit

D.hearditsay6.Whydon'tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyouaretooilltogoonworking?

A.this

B.you

C.him

D.it

[参考答案：1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.D]Specialnotice:itbe

vs

therebe

“是”“有”________someoneatthedoor.Ithink________themantodeliverthemilk.Let’shurry!________alongwaytogo.________noneedtohurry.Westillgetmuchtime.________awonderthatherefusessuchagoodoffer.ThereisitisThereisThereisItisItis?Thereis?5.________nodoubtthathehasdonesomethingbad.6.________nopossibilitythathewillcheatus.7.________nogoodarguingwiththeunreasonablewoman.8._________nodifferencebetweenthetwoplans.ThereisThereisItisThereis9._____wasatimewhen…10._____isnodenyingthat…11.____isachancethat…12____usedtobeatreeinthehouse.13.____goeswithoutsayingthat…不言而喻14.___occurredtosbthat…15.__isconvenienttosb.16.When___comestofootball,Iamworse.17.____turnedoutthat…18._____hadn’tbeenfortheexams,Iwouldhavebeenthere.1.(2005,全国Ⅲ)ThedoctoradvisedVesastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__didn’thelp.

A.it

B.sheC.whichD.he

正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。2.(2004,全国Ⅲ)-Doyoulike__here?-Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingisnice.A.thisB.theseC.thatD.It

正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。3.(2000,上海)Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee__.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。

4.(2007,全国Ⅰ)–Haveyouheardthelatestnews?–No,what__?A.isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethose正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latestnews。。6.(2002,北京)-Hewasnearlydrownedonce.-Whenwas_?-__wasin1998whenhewasinMiddleSchool.A.that,ItB.this,ThisC.this,ItD.that,This

正确答案：A。it指时间。

8.（2005，江苏）I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan__inthecity.

A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代theair，且有inthecity后置定语修饰。9.(2004,北京)TheForeignMinistersaid,“__ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.A、ThisisB、ThereisC、ThatisD、Itis

正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。

。12.(2006,全国Ⅱ)Itisno__arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.way分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。13.(2007,天津)Hedidn’tmake__clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.these

正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。14.(2006,湖南)AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade__herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。

16、(2004,全国Ⅰ)Ilike__intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A、thisB、thatC、itD、one

正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和like的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。17、(2003,上海)Iwouldappreciateit__youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A、untilB、if