M5U1 Grammar and usage 模块5第一单元语法

GRAMMARANDUSAGE★

Toinfinitive

★Bareinfinitive

★

Verb-ingformasanoun语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。ObjectivesTorecognizethebasicformsof“toinfinitive”and“bareinfinitive”Tolearnhowtouse“toinfinitive”and“bareinfinitive”indifferentsituationsTolearnhowtousethe“verb-ing”formasanouninvarioussituationsIwaswatchinganEnglishprogrammeat8o'clockyesterday.ReviewReviewthebasicsentenceelements.(S=subject,P=predicate,O=object,Adv=adverbial)SPOAdvThegamesof2006WorldCupareexciting.Ilostmyhistorybook.Hemadetheroomcleanandtidy.

ReviewobjectcomplementtheattributivethepredicativeImustbereallystupidtofail

asimplemathquiz.Ipretendedtobe

cheerful,…Wewentto

wash

ourhandsinthegirl’sroom,…Iwasshockedtofind

apieceofpaperinpaperonmydesk…Wecalltheredwords——toinfinitive动词不定式SentencesfromReading:什么是动词不定式？动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成的,例如todo和towork。动词不定式可以单独使用或用作动词不定式短语的一个部分。ToinfinitiveReadPoint1onPage8.Findoutwhat‘toinfinitive’canbeusedasinasentence?2.When‘toinfinitive’usesasasubject,theword‘it’usesas_________.3.ReadPoint2,andtellthat‘toinfinitive’canalsohavea___________or___________form.1.

‘toinfinitive’usedasthesubject

不定式(短语)作主语

eg.Toobeylawiseveryone'sduty.

遵纪守法是每个人的职责。

Toseeistobelieve.

眼见为实。

Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.

满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。Notes

Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.

在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。

Itisusefulforyoutolearnsome

spokenEnglish.

学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。

2.‘toinfinitive’usedastheobject

不定式(短语)作宾语eg.Hemanagedtosolvetheproblem

byhimself.

他自己设法解决了问题。

Iliketoreadnewspaperarticles

aboutsports.

我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。

Amywantstoknowmoreaboutthe

film.

安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情况。want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,mean,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,promise,expect,choose,preferThefollowingwordsareusuallyfollowedby‘toinfinitive’astheobject:3.‘toinfinitive’usedastheobjectcomplement

不定式(短语)作宾语补足语eg.I'dlikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.

我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。

Theteacheraskedustofinishtheworktoday.

老师要我们今天完成工作。

TellJacktoclosethewindow,please.

请让杰克关上窗户。动词make,let,have,hear,see,feel,watch,notice和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去"to"。eg.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.

他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。

Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.

老板让工人们每天工作14小时。4.“toinfinitive”usedastheattributive

不定式(短语)作定语eg.Ihavealotofworktodo.

我有许多工作要做。

Ihavenoonetotalkto.

我没有一个可以交谈的人。

Heislookingforahousetolivein.

他正在找房子住。5.‘toinfinitive’usedasthepredicative

不定式(短语)作表语eg.Mywishistobeadoctor.

我的愿望是成为一名医生。

Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.

我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。

WhatIneedmostnowistohavea

goodrest.

我现在最需要的是好好休息。

6.‘toinfinitive’usedastheadverbialofasentencetoshowreason,purposeorresult

不定式(短语)作句子的原因、目的和结果状语eg.Hecameheretoattendanimportant

meeting.(purpose)

他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）

Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.(reason)

萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）

Hewenthometofindhisoldfriend

Georgewaitingforhim.(result)

他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）Whenweuse“toinfinitive”astheresultadverbial,itmeanstheresultisunexpectedorsurprising.eg.Hehurriedtotherailstation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.thecontinuousandperfectformsof‘toinfinitive’

不定式的进行式和完成式eg.Sheseemedtohaveheardofitalready.

她似乎已经听说过这件事了。

Whentheteachercamein,thestudentspretendedtobereadingloudly.

当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声读书。Iwenttoseehim,________himout.A.finding B.find C.onlytofind D.foundCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_________thefirstcomputer.toinvent B.tohaveinventedC.inventingD.havinginventedBareinfinitive(省略to的不定式)ReadthepointsonPage8.省略to的不定式用于：1)afterlet,make,have2)afterverbsofperception:feel,

hear,see,watch3)afterwouldrather,hadbetter,

whynot当"make/let/have+sb.+do(sth.)"变成被动语态时，应加上"to"。eg.Theworkersweremadetowork

14hoursadaybytheboss.

工人们被迫每天工作14个小时。NotesVerbsofperceptioncanalsobeusedwithdoing(sth.)butwithdifferentmeanings.Isawhertalktohernewfriends.我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。(我目睹了整个谈话过程。)NotesIsawhertalkingtohernewfriends.我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。(当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我可能没看到整个过程。)Weusethebareinfinitiveforthesecondinfinitivewhentwoinfinitivesarejoinedbyand,or,except,but,than,orratherthan.eg.Iforgottoturnoffthelightsandclose

thedoorwhenIleft.

我离开的时候忘记关灯、关门了。

Wedecidedtostayathomerather

thangotothecinema.

我们决定呆在家里，不去电影院了。

NotesPauldoesn'thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learningJanewasmade________thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towash B.washing C.wash D.tobewashingVerb-ingformasanounVerb-ingformusedasthesubjectofasentenceeg.Layingeggsistheantqueen'sfull-timejob.产卵是蚁后的专职工作。

Itisnousearguingwithhim.

与他争辩没用。

Herswimminghasimprovedsinceshestartedtrainingeveryday.自从她开始训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。

Verb-ingformusedastheobjectofasentenceeg.Ilikeswimming.

我喜欢游泳。

Hehasfinishedwritingthecomposition.

他已经写好了作文。

Helovesplayingfootball.

他喜欢踢足球。admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,suggest,avoid,enjoy,practise,finish,miss,keep,understand…Weuseaverb-ingformaftertheseverbs:

Thefollowingphrasesarefollowedbytheverb-ingform:wouldyoumind,lookforwardto, can'tstand, putoff, giveup, stickto, beworth,

can'thelp,feellike,It'snouse/good...,keepon,devoteto,bebusy,getdownto…Someverbscanbefollowedbyaverb-ingformor‘toinfinitive’,butwithsomedifferencesinmeaningsorusage.regrettodo:抱歉要做某事

regretdoing:后悔做了某事

eg.Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.

我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。

Iregrettellinghimthetruth.

我后悔告诉他真相。

forgettodo:忘记去做某事

forgetdoing:忘记做了某事

eg.Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.

他离开时忘了关门了。

Iwillneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.

我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。remembertodo:记得要做某事

rememberdoing:记得曾经做过的事eg.Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytowork,OK?

在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？

Irememberseeingthismansomewhere.

我记得在哪儿见过这个人。meantodo:打算做某事

meandoing:意味着做某事eg.Imeantocomeearliertoday.

我今天打算早点来。

Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。trytodo:努力做某事

trydoing:尝试做某事eg.Shetriedtofinishtheworkasquicklyasshecould.

她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。

Itrieddoingtheexerciseinadifferentway.

我尝试用另一种方法解题。stoptodo:停下来做某事

stopdoing:停止做某事eg.Theworkersstoppedtohavearest.

工人们停下来休息。

Theworkersstoppedworkingandtookarest.

工人们停止了手中的活，休息一下。

goontodo:继续做另一件事

goondoing:继续做同一件事eg.Afterdoingthecooking,motherwentontodosomewashing.

饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。

Theworkerswentonworkingafterashortrest.

短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。Verb-ingformusedasthepredicativeofasentenceeg.Herjobisteaching.

她的工作是教学。

Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Verb-ingformusedaspartoftheattributiveofasentenceeg.Thereisashoeintheswimmingpool.

游泳池内有一只鞋。

Heisinthereadingroom.

他在阅览室里。Verb-ingformusedafterprepositionseg.Ikeepfitbyswimmingeveryday.

我通过游泳来锻炼身体。

Thankyouforhelpingme.

谢谢你帮助了我。

Ididn’tmeantohurtherbysaying

that.

我那样说不是想要她受到伤害。Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todo B.doing C.with D.tobedoingShedidn'tremember________himbefore.A.havingmet B.havemetC.tomeet D.tohavingmetIcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosail C.sailing D.tohavesailedYouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret_____that.A.todo B.tobedoing C.tohavedone D.havingdoneTimeforreflection‘Toinfinitive’canbeusedaswhat?Howabout‘verb-ing’?2.Speakoutatleastfiveverbsrespectivelythatcanbeusedafter‘toinfinitive’or‘verb-ing’.3.Whichverbscanbeusedasbareinfinitive(省略to的不定式)?请点击QuizI:Multiplechoice.It’snouse____withouttakingaction.(2011上海)A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained2.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,e-mailing…butweseem___theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(2011上海)A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost3.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced___people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重庆)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised4.It’simportantforthefigures___regularly.(2011北京)A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated5.Lindadoesn’tfeellike___abroad.Herparentsareold.(2011四川)A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy6.Simonmadeabigbamboobox___thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep7.The

ability___anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed8.Passengersarepermitted___onlyone