新课标高中英语选修七Unit4-Sharing-grammar-精品课件(共51张PPT)

SharingUnit4

Grammar1.TolearnthekindsofAttributiveClause.2.Tolearntheusageofwho,whose;whom;which;that;how;when;why…3.Dosomepractice.Teachingaims:FindsomesentencesinwhichAttributiveClauseisusedfromreadingI.1.I’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.2.Theboyswho

hadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofwindows.3.Sometimeslwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothesestudents，mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8.4.Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillage

whichisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.5.Whenwearrivedatthevillage,Tombe’smother,Kiak,who

hadbeenpullingweedsinthegarden,startedcrying“Ieee,leee”.定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：________________________.

引导英语从句的关系副词有;____________________which,that,who,whom,whose

when,how,why。where,

注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。

2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhom先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语原因状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhenwhy定语从句分类定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that,不能省略引导词：

关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1、作主语用who,which和that,如：

Heisthemanwho/that

livesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.2、作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如：

Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?注：在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语时，用于指人的who,whom,that和用于指物的which和that通常可以省略；但在介词提前时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。3、作定语用whose,如：

(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与ofwhich

结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”，如：

Theycametoahouse

whosebackwall

hadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)4、作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.难点:as引导限定性定语从句，指代被thesame,such,as,so等修饰的名词比较：Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudon’tunderstand.We’refacingthesameproblems

as

wedidyearsago.ItisaspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(1)宜用that引导的定语从句1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens.2)all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词时用that。

Everythingthatwesawinthefactorygreatlyinterestedus.

3)人和物合作先行词时，要用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.4)先行词前有theonly,thevery,theright,thesame等修饰时，要用that。

Itistheveryskirtthatsuitsmewell.5)

在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，要用that。

Whoeverthatiscontentwithalittleprogresscan’tmakebigachievements.6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.(2)宜用which引导的定语从句1)当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。

Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。

Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot.(3)宜用as引导的定语从句1)先行词与such,thesame连用或先行词本身就是thesame,such时，要用as。

Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2)代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。

Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.(4)宜用who引导的定语从句。当先行词是人称代词或是those,anyone等时，常用who。

HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.（二）关系副词的用法：1、when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如：

IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如：

Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等，如：

Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.

注：where有时也可以省略。如：

Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。

Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.

注：why时常也可以省略。如：

Thatistherealreasonhedidit.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：

when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：

e.g.IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen

(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy

(=forwhich)wedidit.2、当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

I’llneverforgetthedaywhen

myhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.温馨提示：

when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。

1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays_________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason____________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词

1.根据先行词来确定

Thisisthepotin

whichIboiledthemilk.

(boilmilkinthepot)Yesterdaywehadameeting,atwhichwediscussedmanyproblems.(discussproblemsatthemeeting)

1979wastheyearinwhichmysonwasborn.

(mysonwasbornintheyear)ThisistheplaceinwhichIgrewup.

(growupintheplace)That’sthereasonforwhichhedislikesme.

(dislikemeforthereason)(介词的确定方法)介词+which/whom2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定Thepersonto

whomIcomplainedisthemanager.（complainedtotheperson)Thedog,ofwhichheusedtobeafraid,isherfavoriteanimalnow.

(beafraidofthedog)3.根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.4.当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.1.介词+which/whose+n.①Ioftengetupatsix,atwhichtimeitisstillverydarkinwinter.②Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.2.名词+of+which/whom①Thisistheladythesonofwhomisafamouswriter.(=whoseson)②Thesepeople,themajorityofwhomarefarmers,disagreedwiththeplan.③Thecake,halfofwhichwaseaten,wasboughtforLily’sbirthday.3.代词+of+which/whom用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。这些代词包括：many,much,some,afew,most,all,both,none,either,neither①Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.②Therearealotofbooks,noneofwhichismine③Thetwoplayers,neitherofwhomreachedthefinal,playedwell.④Themoney,allofwhichhasbeengiventotheHopeproject,wascollectedintheperformance.⑤Theforeigners,mostofwhomhavebeentoChinaforthefirsttime,comefromdifferentcountries.4.数词+of+which/whom①Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,fiveofwhichwereEnglishnovels.②Inourfactorythereare800workers,40percentofwhomarewomen.5.形容词最高级+of+which/whom①TherearemanyislandsinChina,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.②Shehassixchildren,thecleverestofwhomisJohn.几点注意事项1.theway表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况Canyoutellmetheway(that)

yousolvetheproblem.Canyoutellmethewayinwhich

yousolvetheproblem.2.定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致Heisoneofthestudents

whohavebeenabroad.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents

whohasbeenabroad.3.先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导的从句来修饰。试比较：Doyoustillrememberthedayswhen

therewasnoelectricity?Doyoustillrememberthedays(which/that)wespenttogether?Theplacewhere

LuXunonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.Theplace(which/that)IvisitedlastweekisinHongKong.4.先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导的从句来修饰。试比较：5.先行词是thereason时，并非都用

why引导的从句来修饰。试比较：That’sthereasonwhyhewaslate.That’sthereason(which)hegaveme.Completethesentenceswithyourownwords.Imadethejarinwhich__________________.2.Paintingisanactivitythat______________________.3.Theinterpretertowhomyou_______________isonholiday.4.Themanwho

______________________isadoctor.5.Thewomanwhosedaughter_____________________isoverthere.almostchildrenliketodoagoldenfishwasputwillturnforhelpisshakinghandswithhim

wentabroadlastyear练一练8.Thereasonwhyhe______________________wasthathewaswatchinganinterviewofthefirstChineseastronautonTV.6.Theschoolwhereyou_____________________hasbeenimproved.7.Anneisdoingsomeresearchonthetimewhen_____________________________.spentyourchildhood

couldn’tcometoyourpartythetimeforlunchcomeforAnswerthefollowingquestionsusingattributiveclauseswiththepronounsinthebrackets.Compareyouranswerswithyourpartner.Thefirstoneisdoneforyou.1.Whatkindoffriendwouldyouliketohave(whom)

2.Whatkindofplacewouldyouliketogotoforaholiday?(where)I’dliketogotoDalianwherethereisnicebeach.I’dliketohaveafriendwhomIcantrust.3.Whatstorydoyouenjoymost?(which/that)IenjoyJo’sstorymostwhich/thatwehavelearnedinthetext.

4.whichmusicalinstrumentwouldyouliketolearntoplay?(which/that)I’dliketolearntoplaythepianowhichmyfatherleftme.5.Whydidn’tyoufinishyourhomework?(why)6.whatkindofpersonisshemarriedto?(towhom)ThereasonwhyIdidn’tfinishmyhomeworkwasthatIwasill.

Arichmantowhomsheismarriedtowillcomesoon.

7.Whatsportdoyouparticipateinmostoften?(which/that)8.Whichdaywon’tyoueverforget?(when)Iparticipateinbasketballwhichisveryinteresting.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedtoanewflat.

Correctmistakes:1.Isawsometreesleavesofwhichwereyellow.2.Hereisthepenyoulosti