Unit7 Grammar课件-牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit7InternationalcharitiesPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttensesGrammar词组1慈善活动2分发3建立4包括书本charityactivitieshandoutsetupincludingbooksn.传单,散页印刷品handouttheleaflets分发,提出1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。基本结构：be+及物动词过去分词ThecakewaseatenbyDaniel.2.Nancyboughtabookyesterday.3.ThelittledogislookedafterverywellbySimon.4.HeisreadingEnglish.5.Thecomputerisboughtbymyuncle.6.Iamwokenupbymyfathereverymorning.Underlinethepassivevoiceinthefollowingsentences.什么时候使用被动语态(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Somewindows

werebrokenlastnight.Thisbook

wassoldoutyesterday.

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.

RiceisfirstgrowninChina.MrWuisliked

byallofhisstudents.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。注意：在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。常用时态形式

1.一般现在时am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词（过去分词缩写成：P.P.）2.一般过去时was/were+及物动词的过去分词1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretakenD.istaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.areinvitedD.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动语态主语She谓语(主动式)hurt宾语me.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)washurtby原主语(改为宾格)her.主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲

1）变：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语。（主语变为by的宾语，可省去）。

（2）套：套用主动句中的时态。

（3）注意：注意人称的变化而产生的be动词形式的变化。

TheirHomeworke.g.(1)Hecleansthewindowseveryday.(2)students

finished

theirhomeworkyesterday.arecleanedbyhimeveryday.Thewindowswasfinishedbystudents1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.EXERCISES

areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）4.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.5.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.6.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyJapanese.Japanese_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.

wasasked

isdoneAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.连系动词（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性(特性)的时候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,die…一、注意（不用被动语态的动词）：区别：

1.Thiskindofshoes_______inthismall.(sell)

Thiskindofshoes_______wellinthismall.

2.Rice___________inSouthChina.(grow)

Rice__________wellinSouthChina.issoldsellsisgrowngrows二、注意：1).Weoftenhearhimplaythepiano.

2).Shemademewaitforalongtimeyesterday.Iwasmadetowaitfor

alongtimeyesterday.

宾补是V--ing形式，应继续用V--ing形式Weheardthebirdssinginginthetreejustnow.Thebirdswereheardsinginginthetreejustnow.Heisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.在see,watch,hear,make,feel等动词后不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后要添加to.三注意：含有双宾语的短语，将其中的一个宾语(物)变为主语时，要添加to或for+sb.1).Shegivesmeagift.

→

Agiftisgiventomebyher.=Iamgivenagift

byher.2).Mymotherboughtmeadressyesterday.Adresswasboughtformebymymotheryesterday.=Iwasboughtadressbymymotheryesterday.TheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).arehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltLanguagepoints1OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.set-set-setsetup建立,成立这所学校建于1999年。Theschool______________in1999.政府想为贫困孩子建立一个学校。Thegovernmentwantsto____________forthepoorchildren.wassetupsetupaschool2include动词，包括，包含，把..算在内including介词，包括，包含这个著名的主题公园包括四种不同的公园。Thisfamousthemepark________fourdifferentkindsofparks.课程中涉及许多主题，包括旅行和饭店，食物和饮料，以及购物及金钱。Manytopicarecoveredinthecourse,______travelandhotels,foodanddrink,andshoppingandmoney.

includesincludingPractice:1.

Womenoftentalkaboutclothes.→Clothes____often_____aboutbywomen.2.

DotheymakethiskindofbusinNanjing?→___thiskindofbus_____inNanjing?3.Theyusebroomsforsweepingthefloor.→Brooms_________forsweepingthefloor.4.Theybuiltmanytallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.→Manytallbuildings_________intheirhometownlastyear.

aretalked

Ismade

areused

werebuilt

将下列句子改成主动或被动语态．

1.Workersusemetalformakingmachines.

2.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

3.Thestudentscleanedtheclassroom.

4.MysistertookthesephotosontheGreatWall.

Metalisusedformakingmachines.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Theclassroomwascleanedbythestudents.ThesephotosweretakenontheGreatWall.5.Thissongisoftensung.(用thegirl做主语)6.Thedictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(用you作主语)7.Ashortplaywil