中考英语语法精讲：4类介词短语用法归纳

中考英语语法精讲：4类介词短语用法归纳一、from...to...类介词结构用法归纳(1)表示“从·..·...至......”“从.....到......”。如:Howfarisitfromyourofficetothebank?从你办公室到银行有多远?WeareremovingfromLondontothecountry.我们正从伦敦迁往乡下。Iwantaropethatwillgofromthetopwindowtotheground.我要一条绳，其长度能自最上一扇窗户垂到地面。(2)表示“由......变成·.....”“将......改为......”。如:Hehasmovedfromactingtofilmproduction.他由演员变成了制片人。She'sbeendowngradedfromprincipaltodeputy.她已从校长降为副校长。Heswingsfromwildoptimismtototaldespair他由极其乐观一变而为完全绝望。Theroomwasconvertedfromakitchentoalavatory这房间由厨房改成了厕所。表示“从一个......到另一个......”“一个......一个地”“逐个......”“挨个......”。如:Thesepeoplegofromhousetohousesellinggoods.这些人挨家挨户兜售货物。Theapeswungalongfrombranchtobranch.那只装猴从一根树枝汤到另一根树枝上。IliketohopfromchanneltochannelwhenIwatchTV我看电视时喜欢不断地换频道。Migrantworkersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwork.流动工人从一国迁到另一国找寻工作。Thesmalleranimalscaneasilyleapfromtreetotree.身体较小的动物可以在树从间轻巧地跳来跳去。Computervirusesreplicatethemselvesandarepassedalongfromusertouser.计算机病毒可以自我复制，然后由用户传给用户。二、outof+名词”类介词习语归纳outofaction损坏，发生故障Thestormputthetelephonesoutofaction.暴风雨使电话发生了故障。Theengineofthecarisoutofaction.这辆小汽车的发动机出了故障。outofbreath气喘吁吁，喘不过气来Canwehavearest?Imabitoutofbreath.我们能休息一下吗?我有点气喘不过来。Weransofastthatwewereoutofbreath.我们跑得太快以致喘不过气来。outofcharacter不相称;不恰当Theactor'sAmericanaccentwasoutofcharacterwithhisroleasHamlet.这个员的美国口音不适合扮演哈姆雷特。Itisoutofcharacterforhimtosaythinglikethat.他说那样的话是不恰当的。outofcondition身体不好，情况欠佳I'vehadnoexerciseforages;I'mreallyoutofcondition.我已多时没运动了，现在健康状况欠佳。Ican'tgoclimbingthissummer;I'moutofcondition.今年夏天我不能登山了-一我健康状况不佳。outofcontrol失去控制hecarwentoutofcontrolandranintoawall汽车失控撞在一堵墙上。Thedemonstrationgotoutofcontrolandfightingbrokeout.示威失去控制，继而发生殴斗。outofdanger脱离险境Heisnowoutofdanger.他现已脱离危险。They’restillfollowingus;werenotoutofdangeryet.他们仍然跟着，我们还没脱险。outofdate过时，已经不能用Imustrenewmypassport.It'soutofdate.我要更换护照，这一本已经过期啦。outofdebt还清负债，没欠债IwishIcouldgetoutofdebt.我希望能还清借款。Outofdebt,outofdanger.无债一身轻。outofdoors在户外Theyworkoutofdoors.他们在户外干活。Weoftenhaveourfoodoutofdoorsinsummer.我们夏天经常在室外吃饭。outoffashion不合时尚，不时兴的Longhairisnowoutoffashion.长头发现在已不时兴了。Thatstyleofdressisoutoffashion.那种服装式样已经不流行。outoffavour失宠;不受欢迎SirWalterisoutoffavourwiththeking.沃尔特爵士已失宠于国王。HefeltoutoffavorinViennaandwenttoLondon.他在维也纳不受欢迎，就去了伦敦。outoffocus不在焦点上，模糊，不清楚Thisphotoisoutoffocus.这张照片不清楚。[注]该短语的反义短语是infocus(清楚》。如:ThisphotoofJohnisn’tinfocus.约翰的这张照片不清晰。outofhand失去控制，脱手Hiswrathgotoutofhand.他怒不可逼。Theseboyshavegotquiteoutofhand.这些男孩已完全不受管束了。outofhearing在听不见的地方，离得远而听不见Nowtheyareoutofhearing.现在他们离得很远，听不见了。三、“to+one’s+名词”类介词习语用法归纳toone'sadvantage对.....·有利Thepresentworldsituationistoouradvantage.目前世界形势对我们有利。Youwillfindittoyouradvantagetogotothecountryforachange.你会发现到乡间去换换空气对你是有好处的。toone’samazement令某人好笑的是Tomygreatamusementhisfalsebeardfelloff.使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉了下来。toone’sannoyance令某人烦恼的是Hebrokeit,greatlytomyannoyance.他打破了那东西，这使我非常气恼。Tohisannoyance,hediscoveredtheyhadn’twaited.他发现他们没有等他而感到十分烦恼。toone’sastonishment今某人吃惊的是Tomyastonishmentithadcompletelydisappeared.使我惊讶的是它消失得无影无踪Tohisnosmallastonishmentthewomanbegantolaugh.使他吃惊不小的是这个女人竟开始笑了起来。toone’sdelight令某人高兴的是Toourgreatdelightthedayturnedoutfine.使我们感到十分高兴的是，天气转睛了。Tohisdelighthisnovelwasacceptedforpublication.使他大为高兴的是，他的小说被接受出版了。toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是Tohisgreatdisappointment,shewasn'tonthetrain.令他大大失望的是她不在那列火车上。TomygreatdisappointmentIfailedtogetthejob.我得不到那份工作，大为失望。toonesembarrassment今某人困窘的是Toherembarrassment,shecouldn'trememberhisname.令她感到困窘的是，她记不起他的名字了。toone’sentertainment使某人觉得好玩的是Hefellinthewater,muchtotheentertainmentofthechildren.他掉进水里，逗得孩子们乐不可支。toone’sface当着某人的面IamsoangrythatIlltellhimtohisfacewhatIthinkofhim.我气得要当面把我对他的想法告诉他。toone'sheart'scontent尽情地Heisretirednowandplaysgolftohisheart'scontent.他现在退休了，可以尽情地打高尔夫球了。toone’shorror使某人恐惧的是Toherhorrorshesawhimfall她看见他跌而惊恐万分。Idiscoveredtomyhorrorthatmypassportwasmissing.使我惊恐的是，我发现我的护照不见了。toone’sdesignation令某人愤慨的是Tomydeepindignation,hepretendednottoknowaboutit.使我十分愤慨的是，他假装不了解此事。Toone’sjoy使某人高兴的是Toourjoy,wesucceededatlast.使我们高兴的是我们最后成功了。Tohersurpriseandjoy,shewasawardedfirstprize.使她又惊又喜的是，她获得了一等奖。toone’sknowledge就某人所知;确知属实Tomyknowledgeshehasneverbeenlatebefore.据我所知，她从未迟到过。Thatisimpossible,becausetomyknowledgehewasinFranceatthetime.那不可能，因为我知道那时他在法国[注]有时也说tothebestofone'sknowledge。如:Tothebestofmyknowledgesheisstilllivingthere.就我所知，她还在那里住。Hehasneverbeenlatetothebestofmyknowledge.据我所知他从未迟到过。四、“in+名词+of”类复合介词归纳inadvanceof在....·前面Heisfarinadvanceofhisclass.他在班谣谣领先。Ishallwalkafewstepsinadvanceofyou.我将走在你前面几步。incaseof一旦，以防，如果，假若Incaseoffire,cal119.倘若有火灾，就打119电话。Thewallwasbuiltalongtheriverincaseoffloods.为了防洪，沿河筑了提。inchargeof负责，管理Philipisinchargeofourmarketingdepartment.菲利普负责我们的市场营销部。Who'sinchargeoforganizingthemusicfortheparty?谁负责安排聚会的音乐?incommemorationof纪念，庆祝Thismonumenthasbeenerectedincommemorationofthevictoryovertheenemy.这座纪念碑是为纪念战胜敌人而建立的。inconsequenceof由于，因为··的缘故inconsequenceofyourbadbehaviourI'mforcedtodismissyou.由于你行为不检，我只得解雇你。Commerceisseriouslyparalysedinconsequenceofasevereearthquake.由于发生强烈地震，商业严重瘫痪。inconsiderationof考虑到，作为对·.····的报酬Hewaspardonedinconsiderationofhisyouth.他因年轻而得到了宽积。incontrolof管理，掌握，控制Heisincontrolofthestore.这家商店由他管理。Enemyforcesareincontrolofthecity敌军控制着这座城市。incourseof在.....·过程中，在....··时，在进行中Thegoodsorderedarenowincourseofshipment.定的货正在运输途中。Thenewrailwayisincourseofconstruction.新铁路正在兴建当中。indangerof有...·的危险Thepatientisindangerofdeath.病人有死亡的危险。Thesegoodsareindangerofrobbery这些货物有被盗的危险。indefaultof因缺少，在缺乏·.....时Hewasacquittedindefaultofstrongevidenceofhisguilt.因无确证据而判他无罪。Thecommitteewillnotmeetindefaultofachairman.没有丰席委员会就不开会。indefenseof保卫，保护;为·...··辩护Is