2018英语考研冲刺最后一课思思完毕

考研冲刺点睛班主讲：孔玮新浪微博：@孔玮Vicky

英语知识运用：完形填空

（20道题，10分）

字数：350左右

（英语一字数是240-280）熟悉考研题型

2.阅读理解PartA：

四篇文章

（

每篇五道题，每题两分）总分40分

字数：1500字左右3.阅读理解PartB（五道题，每题两分，总共10分）新题型3种：

英语二：信息匹配题

英语一：七选五／排序题

英语一和英语二：标题匹配题阅读用时方案推荐用100分钟PartA每篇用20分钟。PartB新题型20分钟。英语一：2010、2011排序题2012、2013七选五2014排序题2015七选五2016标题型

2017排序题

2018？

新题型预测英语一：2010、2011排序题2012、2013七选五2014排序题2015七选五2016标题型

2017排序题

2018七选五的可能性很大

新题型预测英语二：2014信息匹配题2015标题匹配题2016标题匹配题

2017信息匹配题

新题型预测英语二：2014信息匹配题2015标题匹配题2016标题匹配题

2017信息匹配题

2018标题匹配题可能性很大

新题型预测4.翻译：150字的一个或几个英文段落

分值：15分－英语一大纲：“主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力”，突出了概念或结构较复杂的要求;－英语二大纲：“考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。”5.写作：小作文：10分

（主要是书信，注意新增备选题型：摘要的写作。）大作文：15分5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2015英语一的小作文＝2011年英语一的小作文

2011：写一封推荐信

电影

2015:写一封推荐信

书5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2015英语二的小作文＝2010年英语一的小作文招募志愿者的告示5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2015英语一的大作文＝2009年英语一的大作文2011:网络的近与远

2015:手机时代的聚会5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2012英语一的小作文＝2011年英语二的小作文建议信：大学生活怎么过5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2012英语二的小作文＝2004.6六级作文投诉信：买书质量问题5.写作：（回顾近年考题，注意话题重复）2012英语一的大作文＝2007年英语一的大作文20072012阅读路径题干定位选项／文章交替分析结构式阅读法题干文题宏观审题定位到段微观审题判断题型＋精确定位句结构式阅读法题干定位选项结构宏观审题定位到段微观审题判断题型＋精确定位句逻辑路标词主题指导题干中定位词的选取比较级极端词最高级否定词数词＋时间专有名词逻辑路标词转折：but,however,yet,nevertheless让步：though，although，ofcourse,admittedly对比：onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand逻辑路标词顺承：and,inthesameway,thatistosay,similarly,likewise罗列：first,another,some…others,even,then,besides,Inaddition,additionally,furthermore,what’smore,moreover举例：forexample,thecaseinpoint,say,thinkof因果：consequently,hence,so

反

：

顺：逻辑走向转折、让步、对比顺承、罗列、举例、因果

反关系：重点在后头。

顺关系：后面信息往往是对前面信息的补充说明。

逻辑走向

阅读题型1:主旨题主旨的构成主旨＝主题对象＋文章重心＋作者感情基调主旨的构成主旨＝主题对象＋文章重心＋作者感情基调

开篇

各段分论点

开篇主旨题

该题型可细分为：A.全文主旨题B.段落主旨题主旨题题干特征全文主旨题What

would

bethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizethetext?Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?主旨题题干特征B.段落主旨题In

thefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses_____WelearnfromParagraph2that_________正确选项特征全面表达文章或段落的中心思想。与文章或段落的中心句含义接近的选项。包含文中反复出现的主题词和关键词的选项。2017Text125.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest

titleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

2017Text11Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesaremendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.2Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.2017Text13Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandreal-pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhase-butthelinesareobvious.2017Text14Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

5ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.2017Text16Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.ingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.7TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.2017Text125.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest

titleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

主旨题要点首段和尾段常出现主旨。首句和尾句常出现段落主旨。注意文章段落之间的转折处，常是作者真实观点。作者反复重复的关键词常是文章主题词。注意范围意识。2017Text335.Whichofthefollowingisthebest

forthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson

[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being2017Text3

1RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.2ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?3Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.4Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,eequalityandtheenvironment.5Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.6So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.7ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

阅读题型2:观点态度题观点态度题观点题-Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?-Whichofthefollowingwould…mostprobablyagreeon?

观点态度题B.态度题Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor_____正确选项特征因为态度属于文章主旨的一部分，所以态度题的正确选项和文章主旨相关联。2017Text440.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis

[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.carefreeindifferentdetachedsubjectivebiased错误答案永陪词prejudicedpuzzlingscaredsarcastic2017Text41Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.2017Text41Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.2Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.2017Text45Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”8Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.主题指导：主题对象＋文章重心＋作者的感情基调当在几个选项中纠结时，要跳出来，运用主题指导。一定要记住干扰选项特征1.望文生义，拘泥于文字的表面意思。2.将其他人的观点态度置于作者身上。3.无中生有，编造事实或曲解原文。常见态度词汇支持赞同：positive,optimistic,supportive,approval,appreciate,consent,sympathy2.怀疑批评反对：critical,negative,disapproval,doubtful,suspicious,skeptical,opposed,dissatisfaction,pessimistic,objection3.中立客观：objective,critical,neutral,impartial,amazed感情的强度1.最高程度：all,completely,wholly,entirely,universally,parably2.较大程度：largely,chiefly,mainly,dominantly,toalargeextent,ingreatpart,broadly,generally,extremely,byandlarge.3.相对程度：roughly,quite,comparatively,relatively,fairly,reasonably4.压低程度：only,simply5.贬义程度：too,rather,disproportionately,excessively,redundantly,over-,under-观点态度要点1.别揉入自己的态度。2.区分好是作者的态度还是他人的态度。3.根据词汇的褒贬去判断作者的态度。4.不能脱离文章的主题。2010Text1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.2010Text125.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory2010Text125.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory2010Text125.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

+[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers-[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism-[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

+阅读题型3:细节信息题细节信息题在每年的20道题中占有一半的比例，考察文章的具体细节。正确选项特征定位准确改写正确正确选项特征2.改写正确－实词可以在原文找得到对应。对应包括原词复现，同义词替换，同义改写。－限定语不能随意增减。2017Text333.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.2017Text33Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.2017Text32ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?

干扰选项特征拼凑细节无中生有答非所问以偏概全正反混淆过于绝对阅读题型4:例证题2003Text142.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA2003Text11

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.2003Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.2003Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.2003Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage—spyingasa"profession".ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.2003Text142.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA例证题______1.判断题型，定位

例子

出处2.上(下)锁定

观点3.正确答案是对

观点

的改写4.排除“就例论例”的干扰阅读题型5:推理引申题推理引申题理解作者字里行间的hidden

meaning，分析已知信息，进行推理和判断。题干特征Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat____TheauthorindicatesinParagraph1that____Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?正确选项特征正确选项含义深刻，综合和概括性强。

正确选项一般不会用绝对意义的词。经常包涵often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。2017Text332.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that______

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.2017Text32ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?

推理题要点以文章的事实为推理逻辑。以文章的内在逻辑为推理依据。只推一步，避免过度推理。阅读题型6:语意理解题阅读题型6:语意理解题词义题句意题提问方式词义题The

word“…”(line3,Paragraph5)mostprobabalymeans___B.句意题The

sentence“…”(line3,Paragraph5)showsthat_____解题要点根据题干提示回到原文。向前或向后搜索对考察内容有帮助的句子。推导其与上下文的逻辑关系。对选项筛选，代入原文替换。特别注意绝对不能脱离原文的语境，直接用自己理解的意思去选择。2017Text1Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto

[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.

2017Text15ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.语义题判断超纲词还是熟词。

－结合上下文推断。

－熟词切忌仅靠自己已知的意思来确定答案。语义题2.判断词性

－向上或向下搜索同词性的词。

－结合褒贬来综合判断。

－代入法。

新题型标题匹配题（英语一和英语二）

解题步骤：（1）一次性浏览A－G七个选项，标记关键词。（2）逐题解决时，每段反复出现的关键词标记出来，提取论点，与选项的关键词进行匹配。（3）排除细节干扰（4）7个选项中，5个匹配，2个干扰。

A.SetaGoodExampleforYourKidsB.BuildYourKids’WorkSkillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourKids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp?

Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.41HowCanaParentHelp?Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.42HowCanaParentHelp?Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.43HowCanaParentHelp?Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.44HowCanaParentHelp?

Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.45信息匹配题（英语二）1.多项对应：本部分为一篇长度为450-550的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一拦为7个选项。要求在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。

41.Petrarch 42.NiccoloMachiavellli 43.SamuelSmiles 44.ThomasCarlyle 45.MarxandEngels[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes [B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate. [D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory. [E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders. [G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasplishedinthisworld，isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere，”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze，butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast：lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today，wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance，thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337，PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen，highlightingthevirtus（orvirtue）ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince，thechampionedcunning，ruthlessness，andboldness，ratherthanvirtue，mercyandjustice，astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.七选五／排序题（英语一）

解题步骤：（1）一次性浏览A－G七个选项，标记关键词。（2）逐题解决时，每段反复出现的关键词标记出来，提取论点，与选项的关键词进行匹配。（3）排除细节干扰（4）7个选项中，5个匹配，2个干扰。七选五／排序题（英语一）

解题线索：（1）指示代词。（2）逻辑路标词。（3）反复出现的关键词。（4）规律性的数字、时间、空间变化。七（六）选五大纲样题LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41）_____.

七（六）选五大纲样题[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils,fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.七（六）选五大纲样题[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.七（六）选五大纲样题45)_______.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.七（六）选五大纲样题42)_______Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownoting.七（六）选五大纲样题[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.七（六）选五大纲样题[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshelleembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.2010PartBDirections:ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagra